Antimicrobial Treatment in New and Old Difficult to Treat Infectious Diseases

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 3658

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
Interests: immunology; antimicrobials; HIV; antimicrobial stewardship; public health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Interests: HIV; antimicrobial stewardship; clinical microbiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of a microorganism to resist the action of an antimicrobial agent. The major contributor to the spread of antimicrobial resistance is their use in human medicine. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance should provide data about the need and appropriateness of therapy guidelines, formularies, antimicrobial stewardship programs, public health interventions, infection control policies and antimicrobial development.

At this very moment, SARS-CoV-2 monopolizes the world attention. We seem to have forgotten that difficult to treat infectious diseases, and especially bacterial ones, will cause more than 10 million deaths by 2050. Therefore, we think that it is important to focus again on this matter of utmost importance, since difficult to treat infectious diseases are not disappearing because of SARS-CoV-2, and this lowering of the threshold of attention might have consequences regarding the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistances.

We want this issue to focus on research both regarding antimicrobial resistance rates, new and old therapeutic schemes and new and old mechanisms of resistance, hoping to deliver important information that will help contrasting difficult to treat infectious diseases.

Prof. Giuseppe Nunnari
Dr. Manuela Ceccarelli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • antimicrobial stewardship
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • public health
  • difficult to treat infectious diseases
  • multi-drug resistance
  • mechanisms
  • bacterial infectious diseases
  • fungal infectious diseases

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1798 KiB  
Article
Alteration of Bacterial Communities in Anterior Nares and Skin Sites of Patients Undergoing Arthroplasty Surgery: Analysis by 16S rRNA and Staphylococcal-Specific tuf Gene Sequencing
by Søren Iversen, Thor Bech Johannesen, Anna Cäcilia Ingham, Sofie Marie Edslev, Staffan Tevell, Emeli Månsson, Åsa Nilsdotter-Augustinsson, Bo Söderquist, Marc Stegger and Paal Skytt Andersen
Microorganisms 2020, 8(12), 1977; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121977 - 12 Dec 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3168
Abstract
The aim was to study alterations of bacterial communities in patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty to assess the impact of chlorhexidine gluconate soap decolonisation and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis. A Swedish multicentre, prospective collection of samples obtained from elective arthroplasty patients (n = [...] Read more.
The aim was to study alterations of bacterial communities in patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty to assess the impact of chlorhexidine gluconate soap decolonisation and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis. A Swedish multicentre, prospective collection of samples obtained from elective arthroplasty patients (n = 83) by swabbing anterior nares, skin sites in the groin and the site of planned surgery, before and after arthroplasty surgery, was analysed by 16S rRNA (V3-V4) gene sequencing and a complementary targeted tuf gene sequencing approach to comprehensively characterise alterations in staphylococcal communities. Significant reductions in alpha diversity was detected for both bacterial (p = 0.04) and staphylococcal (p = 0.03) groin communities after arthroplasty surgery with significant reductions in relative Corynebacterium (p = 0.001) abundance and Staphylococcus hominis (p = 0.01) relative staphylococcal abundance. In nares, significant reductions occurred for Staphylococcus hominis (p = 0.02), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (p = 0.02), and Staphylococcus pasteuri (p = 0.003) relative to other staphylococci. Staphylococcus aureus colonised 35% of anterior nares before and 26% after arthroplasty surgery. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most abundant staphylococcal species at all sampling sites. No bacterial genus or staphylococcal species increased significantly after arthroplasty surgery. Application of a targeted tuf gene sequencing approach provided auxiliary staphylococcal community profiles and allowed species-level characterisation directly from low biomass clinical samples. Full article
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