Microbial Agents and Their Interaction with the Human and Animal Host

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2024) | Viewed by 2257

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Center for Microorganisms’ Investigation, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-150, Brazil
Interests: microbiologia; micologia; genética; zoonozes
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious threat to human and animal health. Antimicrobial resistance is also a serious social and economic problem. The emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogens, especially of multidrug-resistant bacteria, was facilitated by the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials. Consequently, the possibility of treating infectious diseases with currently used antibiotics is being seriously questioned. Moreover, the number of new antibiotics that have come into therapeutical use has decreased significantly in recent years. Therefore, finding new effective antimicrobials with which to fight antimicrobial resistance is a top priority of the modern scientific world.

This Special Issue will focus on the most recent research in the discovery of new antimicrobial agents and strategies used to treat infectious diseases caused by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and the relationships between antimicrobial agents and human or animal health. We invite authors to publish their latest original findings in this Special Issue of Microorganisms.

Dr. Andréa Regina De Souza Baptista
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • microbial agents
  • human and animal host
  • infectious disease

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 572 KiB  
Communication
Molecular Characteristics of Colistin Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and the Activity of Antimicrobial Combination Therapy in a Tertiary Care Medical Center in Lebanon
by Antoine Abou Fayad, Louis-Patrick Haraoui, Ahmad Sleiman, Hadi Hussein, Frédéric Grenier, Ghada Derbaj, Dana Itani, Sereen Iweir, Nour Sherri, Wael Bazzi, Sari Rasheed, Arax Tanelian, Mariam Miari, Bassam el Hafi, Souha S. Kanj, Zeina A. Kanafani, Ziad Daoud, George F. Araj and Ghassan M. Matar
Microorganisms 2024, 12(2), 349; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020349 - 8 Feb 2024
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Abstract
(1) Background: Infections with pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria, such as A. baumannii, are becoming increasingly common, especially in healthcare facilities. In this study, we selected 15 colistin-resistant clinical A. baumannii isolates from a hospital in Beirut, Lebanon, to test combination therapies and determine [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Infections with pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria, such as A. baumannii, are becoming increasingly common, especially in healthcare facilities. In this study, we selected 15 colistin-resistant clinical A. baumannii isolates from a hospital in Beirut, Lebanon, to test combination therapies and determine their sequence types (STs) and the mechanism of colistin resistance using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). (2) Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing via broth microdilution against 12 antimicrobials from different classes and growth rate assays were performed. A checkerboard assay was conducted on PDR isolates using six different antimicrobials, each in combination with colistin. Genomic DNA was extracted from all isolates and subjected to WGS. (3) Results: All isolates were resistant to all tested antimicrobials with the one exception that was susceptible to gentamicin. Combining colistin with either meropenem, ceftolozane–tazobactam, or teicoplanin showed synergistic activity. Sequencing data revealed that 67% of the isolates belonged to Pasteur ST2 and 33% to ST187. Furthermore, these isolates harbored a number of resistance genes, including blaOXA-23. Mutations in the pmrC gene were behind colistin resistance. (4) Conclusions: With the rise in antimicrobial resistance and the absence of novel antimicrobial production, alternative treatments must be found. The combination therapy results from this study suggest treatment options for PDR ST2 A. baumannii-infected patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Agents and Their Interaction with the Human and Animal Host)
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