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Microorganisms
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Microbial Adaptations and Genomes under Extreme Conditions, Second Edition
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Microbial Adaptations and Genomes under Extreme Conditions, Second Edition

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 2404

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Alain Dolla

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
Interests: microbial adapatation to pressure; anaerobic microorganisms; functional genomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue “Microbial Adaptations and Genomes under Extreme Conditions”.

Life under extreme conditions has been a subject under the scrutiny of numerous studies in the last few decades. Extreme conditions are often defined from anthropocentric criteria and include physical extremes such as temperature, radiation or pressure, and geochemical extremes such as salinity, pH, oxygen tension or desiccation. For every extreme environmental condition investigated, a variety of organisms have shown that not only can they tolerate these conditions, but also that they often require these extreme conditions for living. These extremophilic or extremotolerant organisms exhibit genomic, structural and metabolic adaptations to cope with their specific environmental conditions. Studies on these organisms have implications for prediction of the boundaries of life, origin of life and exobiology, as well as for biotechnological applications.

In this Special Issue of Microorganisms, we invite you to send contributions, in the form of original research or review papers, concerning any aspects related to the microbial adaptations and genomes under extreme conditions, from the identification and characterization of microbial communities inhabiting extreme environments to the macromolecules and metabolism adaptation to extreme conditions.

Dr. Alain Dolla
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • extreme environment
  • microbial communities
  • (poly)extremophile
  • extremotolerance
  • response to extreme conditions
  • macromolecules adaptation
  • metabolism adaptation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 7687 KiB  
Article
Soil Microbiome in Conditions of Oil Pollution of Subarctic Ecosystems
by Elena N. Melekhina, Elena S. Belykh, Vladimir A. Kanev, Anastasia A. Taskaeva, Dmitry V. Tarabukin, Aurika N. Zinovyeva, Ilya O. Velegzhaninov, Elena E. Rasova, Olga A. Baturina, Marsel R. Kabilov and Maria Yu. Markarova
Microorganisms 2024, 12(1), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010080 - 30 Dec 2023
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Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the recovery of soil quality and the bacterial and fungal communities following various recultivation methods in areas contaminated with oil. Oil spills are known to have severe impacts on ecosystems; thus, the restoration of contaminated soils has [...] Read more.
The present study aimed to investigate the recovery of soil quality and the bacterial and fungal communities following various recultivation methods in areas contaminated with oil. Oil spills are known to have severe impacts on ecosystems; thus, the restoration of contaminated soils has become a significant challenge nowadays. The study was conducted in the forest–tundra zone of the European North-East, where 39 soil samples from five oil-contaminated sites and reference sites were subjected to metagenomic analyses. The contaminated sites were treated with different biopreparations, and the recovery of soil quality and microbial communities were analyzed. The analysis of bacteria and fungi communities was carried out using 16S rDNA and ITS metabarcoding. It was found that 68% of bacterial OTUs and 64% of fungal OTUs were unique to the reference plot and not registered in any of the recultivated plots. However, the species diversity of recultivated sites was similar, with 50–80% of bacterial OTUs and 44–60% of fungal OTUs being common to all sites. New data obtained through soil metabarcoding confirm our earlier conclusions about the effectiveness of using biopreparations with indigenous oil-oxidizing micro-organisms also with mineral fertilizers, and herbaceous plant seeds for soil remediation. It is possible that the characteristics of microbial communities will be informative in the bioindication of soils reclaimed after oil pollution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Adaptations and Genomes under Extreme Conditions, Second Edition)
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19 pages, 4318 KiB  
Article
One Advantage of Being Polyploid: Prokaryotes of Various Phylogenetic Groups Can Grow in the Absence of an Environmental Phosphate Source at the Expense of Their High Genome Copy Numbers
by Patrik Brück, Daniel Wasser and Jörg Soppa
Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2267; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092267 - 9 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1061
Abstract
Genomic DNA has high phosphate content; therefore, monoploid prokaryotes need an external phosphate source or an internal phosphate storage polymer for replication and cell division. For two polyploid prokaryotic species, the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803, it has [...] Read more.
Genomic DNA has high phosphate content; therefore, monoploid prokaryotes need an external phosphate source or an internal phosphate storage polymer for replication and cell division. For two polyploid prokaryotic species, the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803, it has been reported that they can grow in the absence of an external phosphate source by reducing the genome copy number per cell. To unravel whether this feature might be widespread in and typical for polyploid prokaryotes, three additional polyploid prokaryotic species were analyzed in the present study, i.e., the alphaproteobacterium Zymomonas mobilis, the gammaproteobacterium Azotobacter vinelandii, and the haloarchaeon Halobacterium salinarum. Polyploid cultures were incubated in the presence and in the absence of external phosphate, growth was recorded, and genome copy numbers per cell were quantified. Limited growth in the absence of phosphate was observed for all three species. Phosphate was added to phosphate-starved cultures to verify that the cells were still viable and growth-competent. Remarkably, stationary-phase cells grown in the absence or presence of phosphate did not become monoploid but stayed oligoploid with about five genome copies per cell. As a negative control, it was shown that monoploid Escherichia coli cultures did not exhibit any growth in the absence of phosphate. Taken together, all five polyploid prokaryotic species that have been characterized until now can grow in the absence of environmental phosphate by reducing their genome copy numbers, indicating that cell proliferation outperforms other evolutionary advantages of polyploidy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Adaptations and Genomes under Extreme Conditions, Second Edition)
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