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4.1
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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Pathogenic Mechanisms of Vibrios and Aeromonas
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Pathogenic Mechanisms of Vibrios and Aeromonas

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 4991

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vibrio and Aeromonas are known as food- and waterborne pathogens that cause severe diarrhea and lethal sepsis in humans. People infected with certain Vibrio and Aeromonas species, represented by V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, A. hydrophila, and A. caviae, may develop gastrointestinal illness such as watery diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain. In addition, V. vulnificus, A. hydrophila, and A. veronii biotype sobria can cause deadly infection characterized by rapid soft tissue necrosis both in foodborne and wound infection routes, referred to necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs). Despite surgical debridement and the administration of appropriate antibiotics for treatment of patients with NSTIs, the mortality rates of NSTIs still remain as high as around 30%. While NSTIs and severe diarrhea are known as the leading causes of death, the virulence factors and details of disease mechanisms have not been clarified. The purpose of this Special Issue is to present cutting-edge insights into pathogenic mechanisms through the investigation of virulence factors during infection.

Dr. Takashige Kashimoto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • etiology
  • pathogenesis
  • virulence factor
  • Vibrio
  • Aeromonas

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2474 KiB  
Article
MukB Is a Gene Necessary for Rapid Proliferation of Vibrio vulnificus in the Systemic Circulation but Not at the Local Infection Site in the Mouse Wound Infection Model
by Takashige Kashimoto, Kohei Yamazaki, Takehiro Kado, Kaho Matsuda and Shunji Ueno
Microorganisms 2021, 9(5), 934; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050934 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1885
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus causes rapid septicemia in susceptible individuals who have ingested contaminated foods or have open wounds exposed to seawater contaminated with the bacteria. Despite antibiotic therapy and aggressive debridement, mortality from septicemia is high. In this study, we showed that MukB mutation [...] Read more.
Vibrio vulnificus causes rapid septicemia in susceptible individuals who have ingested contaminated foods or have open wounds exposed to seawater contaminated with the bacteria. Despite antibiotic therapy and aggressive debridement, mortality from septicemia is high. In this study, we showed that MukB mutation (mukB::Tn) affected the proliferation of V. vulnificus in the systemic circulation but not at the inoculation site in the wound infection model. A comparison of mukB::Tn with WT and a mukB complement strain (mukB::Tn/pmukB) on the bacterial burden in the muscle at the infection site showed that spreading and proliferation of the mukB::Tn strain was similar to those of the other strains. However, the bacterial burden of mukB::Tn in the spleen was reduced compared to that of the WT strain in the wound infection model. In a competition experiment, we found a lower bacterial burden of mukB::Tn in the spleen than that of the WT strain infecting the systemic circulation. Here, we report on a gene required for the rapid proliferation of V. vulnificus only in the systemic circulation and potentially required for its survival. Our finding may provide a novel therapeutic target for V. vulnificus septicemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenic Mechanisms of Vibrios and Aeromonas)
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12 pages, 3400 KiB  
Article
Expansion of Necrosis Depending on Hybrid Motor-Driven Motility of Aeromonas hydrophila in a Murine Wound Infection Model
by Kohei Yamazaki, Takashige Kashimoto, Ayuha Niwano, Moeko Yamasaki, Mayu Nomura, Yukihiro Akeda and Shunji Ueno
Microorganisms 2021, 9(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010010 - 22 Dec 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2501
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila is a cause of fulminant and lethal necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs). Suppressing the rapid proliferation of the pathogen and expansion of the necrosis caused in the host is an important issue in clinical practice, but the pathogenic [...] Read more.
The gram-negative bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila is a cause of fulminant and lethal necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs). Suppressing the rapid proliferation of the pathogen and expansion of the necrosis caused in the host is an important issue in clinical practice, but the pathogenic mechanism for the rapid aggravation has not been clarified. In this study, we characterized the function of two types of motor stators in A. hydrophila and explored the role of motility during wound infection. In vitro analysis showed that the motility was reliably maintained while being complemented by the stators. We created a non-motile strain that lacked genes encoding two types of motor stators and analyzed the role of motility in a murine wound infection model. Examination of the bacterial burden in the local infection site and systemic circulation revealed that motility was not essential for the proliferation of A. hydrophila in the host. However, the extent of necrosis at the lesions was lower, and survival times were prolonged in mice infected with the non-motile strain compared with mice infected with the parent strain. These results provide evidence that the rapid expansion of necrosis and the progression to death within a short time period is dependent on the motility of A. hydrophila. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenic Mechanisms of Vibrios and Aeromonas)
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