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Minerals
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Advances in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy of Base and...
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Advances in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy of Base and Precious Metals

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 December 2024 | Viewed by 3392

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jiajia Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
Interests: mineral processing; leaching; separation technology; gold mining; extraction and processing industry
Dr. Jaeheon Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mining Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
Interests: ore characterization and extractive metallurgy of precious and base metals; extraction/recovery of rare earth elements and strategic materials; recovery of metals from aqueous solutions; biomining/biohydrometallurgy; recycling metals from urban resources, tailing the reprocessing and recovery of values

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Utilizing low-grade ore deposits has become increasingly vital in metal production due to the depletion of high-grade reserves. Considering this context, significant advancements have been made in mineral processing and extractive metallurgy methods. These advancements have revolutionized the treatment of low-grade ores, unlocking the vast potential of valuable metal extraction, and addressing the industry's growing need for sustainable resource utilization.

This Special Issue aims to cover the mineral processing and extractive metallurgy advancements of base and precious metals, which include copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, platinum, etc. Relevant topics include but are not limited to the geometallurgy of base and precious metals; the mineral processing of sulfide minerals; the extractive metallurgy of base and precious metals; the surface chemistry of sulfide minerals; heap leaching operation and modeling; leaching behavior and kinetics, etc. Original research papers, technical papers, and critical reviews featuring advancements in base and precious metal recovery are all welcome.

Dr. Jiajia Wu
Dr. Jaeheon Lee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • geometallurgy
  • flotation
  • physical separation
  • surface chemistry
  • leaching
  • modeling and simulation
  • kinetics

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5194 KiB  
Article
Effect of Pretreatment on a Copper Concentrate with High Arsenic Content
by Víctor Quezada, Geraldine Villagrán, Daniel Calisaya-Azpilcueta and Natalia Marín
Minerals 2024, 14(4), 419; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14040419 - 18 Apr 2024
Viewed by 401
Abstract
Chilean mining faces challenges associated with the depletion of oxidized copper ore and the environmental complexity of treating concentrates with high arsenic content. Given this, hydrometallurgy emerges as an alternative for the treatment of these concentrates. This research analyzes the interaction of sulfuric [...] Read more.
Chilean mining faces challenges associated with the depletion of oxidized copper ore and the environmental complexity of treating concentrates with high arsenic content. Given this, hydrometallurgy emerges as an alternative for the treatment of these concentrates. This research analyzes the interaction of sulfuric acid (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg/t), sodium chloride (0, 25, 50, and 100 kg/t), curing time (1, 5, 10, and 15 days), and temperature (25, 35, 50, and 75 °C) in the pretreatment of a copper concentrate with 35.57% total copper and 5.91% arsenic (enargite, 35.93%). In the pretreatment, a maximum copper extraction of 26.71% is achieved using 210 kg/t sulfuric acid at 50 °C over 15 days of curing. The experimental results are analyzed through an empirical model, where the interaction between sulfuric acid and curing time is identified as beneficial when the sulfuric acid addition is above 70 kg/t, leading to higher moisture content in the sample. In the absence of sulfuric acid, sodium chloride significantly influences the achievement of higher copper extractions. During curing at higher temperatures, the importance of maintaining a moisture level is emphasized to prevent solution evaporation and hinder diffusion through the particles, thereby ensuring reactivity in the sample. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy of Base and Precious Metals)
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22 pages, 6503 KiB  
Article
Study on Synergistic Strengthening of Gold Extraction with Copper Ethylenediamine Thiosulfate Using Pyrite and Nickel Ions
by Xuecong Qin, Tao Zhang, Futing Zi, Hongbo Zhang and Guoping Li
Minerals 2024, 14(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14010002 - 19 Dec 2023
Viewed by 926
Abstract
Gold leaching using the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate (Cu2+-en-S2O32−) system, which contains copper–ethylenediamine complexes, instead of the use of copper–ammonia catalysis, is environmentally friendly and cost-effective. In this study, pyrite and Ni2+ were added to the Cu2+ [...] Read more.
Gold leaching using the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate (Cu2+-en-S2O32−) system, which contains copper–ethylenediamine complexes, instead of the use of copper–ammonia catalysis, is environmentally friendly and cost-effective. In this study, pyrite and Ni2+ were added to the Cu2+-en-S2O32− system to clarify their individual and combined influence on gold leaching. The result obtained showed that when pyrite and Ni2+ were separately added to the system, the dissolution of gold was significantly inhibited. However, the disappearance of the negative impacts of these two substances when they were simultaneously added to the system revealed that they exhibited a synergistic effect on gold dissolution. Notably, Ni2+ weakened the promotional effect of pyrite on the formation of a Cu-containing passivation layer on the gold surface. Furthermore, the separate addition of Ni2+ and pyrite increased the corrosion potential of gold; thus, gold dissolution was inhibited. However, when added together, they brought about a decrease in the corrosion potential of gold, while increasing its dissolution rate. These findings provide a reference for the efficient extraction of pyrite-associated gold, which can be applied to improve the green extraction process of gold. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy of Base and Precious Metals)
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17 pages, 4124 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Magnetic and Mineralogical Properties of Slag Particles from WEEE Processing
by Asim Siddique, Peter Boelens, Fangchao Long, Shengqiang Zhou, Veerle Cnudde and Thomas Leißner
Minerals 2023, 13(11), 1417; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13111417 - 07 Nov 2023
Viewed by 953
Abstract
Magnetic separation has wide-ranging applications in both mineral processing and recycling industries. Nevertheless, its conventional utilization often overlooks the interplay between mineral and particle characteristics and their impact on operational conditions, ultimately influencing the efficacy of the separation process. This work describes a [...] Read more.
Magnetic separation has wide-ranging applications in both mineral processing and recycling industries. Nevertheless, its conventional utilization often overlooks the interplay between mineral and particle characteristics and their impact on operational conditions, ultimately influencing the efficacy of the separation process. This work describes a methodology able to achieve the comprehensive characterization and classification of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) slag. The primary objective is to establish a meaningful connection between the distinct properties of slag phases and their influence on the separation process. Our methodology consists of several stages. Firstly, the WEEE slag is sieved into distinct size classes, followed by classification into magnetic susceptibility classes by using the Frantz Isodynamic separator. To quantify the magnetic susceptibility of each class, we used a magnetic susceptibility balance, and to identify paramagnetic and ferromagnetic fractions and phases within these magnetic susceptibility classes, we conducted vibrating-sample magnetometer measurements. Finally, to establish a meaningful link between the magnetic characterization, mineralogical, and particle-level details, Mineral Liberation Analysis was conducted for each magnetic susceptibility class. This in-depth analysis, encompassing both particle properties and magnetic susceptibility classes, provides a better understanding of the separation behavior of different phases and can help to enrich phases with a specific range of magnetic susceptibility values. This knowledge advances progress towards the development of predictive separation models that are capable of bridging the gap between theoretical understanding and practical application in the field of magnetic separation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy of Base and Precious Metals)
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11 pages, 4476 KiB  
Article
Study on the Leaching Kinetics of Weathered Crust Elution-Deposited Rare Earth Ores by Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose
by Huifang Yang, Aoyang Sha, Zhengyan He, Chenjie Wu, Yuanlai Xu, Jingjing Hu, Zhigao Xu and Ruan Chi
Minerals 2023, 13(9), 1156; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091156 - 31 Aug 2023
Viewed by 676
Abstract
In the process of the in situ leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores (WCE-DREOs), there are many problems in the conventional leaching agent, such as a slow leaching rate, low leaching yield and long leaching period. In order to solve the [...] Read more.
In the process of the in situ leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores (WCE-DREOs), there are many problems in the conventional leaching agent, such as a slow leaching rate, low leaching yield and long leaching period. In order to solve the above problems, 2.0 wt% ammonium sulfate was mixed with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). The effects of the HPMC concentration, temperature, pH and flow rate on the leaching kinetics of rare earth (RE) and aluminum (Al) were investigated. The results showed that when the concentration of HPMC was 0.05 wt%, the leaching equilibrium time of RE and Al was about 60% shorter than that of single ammonium sulfate. With an increase in the leaching temperature, the leaching equilibrium time of RE and Al decreased, and the apparent activation energy of RE and Al was 23.13 kJ/mol and 17.31 kJ/mol, respectively. The leaching process was in line with the internal diffusion kinetic control model. When the pH of the leaching agent was 4.02~8.01, the leaching yield of RE and Al was basically the same, but the leaching yield of Al was greatly increased at pH 2.0 due to a large amount of adsorbed hydroxy-Al in the RE ore eluded. The leaching yield reached the maximum when the flow rate was 0.7 mL/min. The leaching time and the leaching cost of RE can be saved by the composite leaching agent. The results provide theoretical guidance for the development and industrial application of the new composite leaching agent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy of Base and Precious Metals)
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