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Applied Chemistry in Europe 2024
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Applied Chemistry in Europe 2024

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 4564

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rosa Iacovino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
Interests: cyclodextrin; inclusion complex; preparation methods; drug delivery systems; X-ray diffraction; crystal structure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Gianluca D'Abrosca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
Interests: proteins; UV-visible spectroscopy; nuclear magnetic resonance; structural biology; circular dichroism; molecular docking; inclusion complexes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Molecules aims to collect papers about applied chemistry from European scholars. It is a compilation of novel, cutting-edge achievements in the most interesting areas of applied chemistry, which are as follows (among others):

  • Application-related studies on the synthesis/preparation of new molecules/materials;
  • New application-related analytical methods;
  • New application-related physical and theoretical chemistry output, especially regarding applied electrochemistry and catalysis;
  • Energy- and environment-related works;
  • Chemistry-related studies on new materials and medicines;
  • Industrial, pharma and agro-food applications of new chemical products;
  • Other applied chemistry-related studies.

Scientists from Europe are cordially invited to contribute original research papers or reviews to this Special Issue.

Dr. Rosa Iacovino
Guest Editor

Dr. Gianluca D'Abrosca
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • industrial applications
  • nano-materials
  • environmental chemistry
  • chemical synthesis
  • green chemistry
  • theoretical chemistry
  • analytical methods

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 6197 KiB  
Article
The Role of Ascorbic Acid in the Process of Azo Dye Degradation in Aqueous Solution
by Adrianna Pach, Aleksandra Zaryczny, Agnieszka Podborska and Magdalena Luty-Błocho
Molecules 2024, 29(15), 3659; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153659 - 2 Aug 2024
Viewed by 596
Abstract
In this work, the role of ascorbic acid in the process of azo dye degradation was explained. For this purpose, the kinetics of azo dye degradation under different conditions was studied. Among them, the influence of daylight protection/exposition, different concentrations of ascorbic acid [...] Read more.
In this work, the role of ascorbic acid in the process of azo dye degradation was explained. For this purpose, the kinetics of azo dye degradation under different conditions was studied. Among them, the influence of daylight protection/exposition, different concentrations of ascorbic acid (0.567–0.014 mol/dm3), and temperature (20 °C and 50 °C) on the rate of the dyes’ degradation was considered. For this process, the kinetic equation was proposed, which indicates that the process of azo dye degradation using ascorbic acid is first order. Moreover, the observed rate constants were determined, and the mechanism of azo dye degradation was proposed. Spectrophotometry results, together with FTIR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and DFT calculations, explain the origin of the decolorization of the azo dyes and highlight the role of ascorbic acid in this process. Detailed analysis of the obtained products indicates that the process itself goes through several stages in which equally or more toxic compounds are formed. Obtained results from LCMS studies indicate that during tropaeolin OO degradation, 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine (m/z 185.1073) is formed. Thus, the process of azo dye degradation should be carried out in protective conditions. The proposed mechanism suggests that ascorbic acid at high content levels can be used for azo dye degradation from aqueous solution and can be an alternative method for their removal/neutralization from waste solution but with caution during the process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Chemistry in Europe 2024)
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15 pages, 2718 KiB  
Article
The Mass Spectrometric Ortho Effect for Distinguishing the Coeluting Isomers of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and the Coeluting Isomers of Polybrominated Biphenyls: Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects
by Maurizio Masci
Molecules 2024, 29(15), 3484; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153484 - 25 Jul 2024
Viewed by 680
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are persistent organic pollutants still widespread in the environment and in the food chain. Both groups of these synthetic xenobiotics consist of 209 possible congeners depending on the number and position of halogens. PCBs with the [...] Read more.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are persistent organic pollutants still widespread in the environment and in the food chain. Both groups of these synthetic xenobiotics consist of 209 possible congeners depending on the number and position of halogens. PCBs with the same number of chlorine atoms and PBBs with the same number of bromine atoms are isomers: ten different degrees of halogenation are allowed, which results in a lot of existing isomers for both groups. The isomers have perfect correspondence in the number and type of atoms with differences only in positioning, so their mass spectra are expected to be identical with a consequent significant analytical problem in the event of coelution of the chromatographic peaks. This is not always the case, since the mass spectrometric ortho effect is capable of effectively discriminating many coeluting PCB or PBB isomers, although not all possible ones. The present paper investigates, for the first time, the reliability of qualitative and quantitative analysis by using the ortho effect: this was conducted through targeted experimental measurements on real samples of food by using different detectors. In this context, it is shown how to recognize the presence of a PCB that does not have the ortho effect when coeluting with an isomer that has. This is an important aspect that has never been studied until now. The ortho effect is extremely simple to operate once the ordinary GC-MS runs have been performed: the analyst only needs to recheck the mass spectrum for measuring the intensity of the first dehalogenation ion. The topic is of practical relevance since two different isomers can have different health hazards, and the presence of a very toxic isomer could be masked by a less toxic one. The same mass spectrometric ortho effect also deals with PXBs (i.e., mixed poly-brominated/chlorinated biphenyls), which are emerging contaminants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Chemistry in Europe 2024)
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Review

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48 pages, 3582 KiB  
Review
Mass-Spectrometry-Based Research of Cosmetic Ingredients
by Alina Florina Serb, Marius Georgescu, Robert Onulov, Cristina Ramona Novaconi, Eugen Sisu, Alexandru Bolocan and Raluca Elena Sandu
Molecules 2024, 29(6), 1336; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29061336 - 17 Mar 2024
Viewed by 2519
Abstract
Cosmetic products are chemical substances or mixtures used on the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, whose use is intended to clean, protect, correct body odor, perfume, keep in good condition, or change appearance. The analysis of [...] Read more.
Cosmetic products are chemical substances or mixtures used on the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, whose use is intended to clean, protect, correct body odor, perfume, keep in good condition, or change appearance. The analysis of cosmetic ingredients is often challenging because of their huge complexity and their adulteration. Among various analytical tools, mass spectrometry (MS) has been largely used for compound detection, ingredient screening, quality control, detection of product authenticity, and health risk evaluation. This work is focused on the MS applications in detecting and quantification of some common cosmetic ingredients, i.e., preservatives, dyes, heavy metals, allergens, and bioconjugates in various matrices (leave-on or rinse-off cosmetic products). As a global view, MS-based analysis of bioconjugates is a narrow field, and LC- and GC/GC×GC-MS are widely used for the investigation of preservatives, dyes, and fragrances, while inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS is ideal for comprehensive analysis of heavy metals. Ambient ionization approaches and advanced separation methods (i.e., convergence chromatography (UPC2)) coupled to MS have been proven to be an excellent choice for the analysis of scented allergens. At the same time, the current paper explores the challenges of MS-based analysis for cosmetic safety studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Chemistry in Europe 2024)
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