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Emerging Efficient Electronic and Energy Materials
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Emerging Efficient Electronic and Energy Materials

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 13353

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Suhao Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Physicochemistry of Polymers and Interfaces, CY Cergy Paris University, 5 Mail Gay Lussac, 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
Interests: electronic and energy materials based on conjugated polymers and small molecules

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the past decade, significant progress has been achieved in the fields of organic/hybrid electronics, leading to the emergence of efficient electronic and energy materials, thanks to the joint efforts of scientists in multiple disciplines including both experimentalists and theoreticians. In particular, many remarkable breakthroughs have been witnessed at the interface of chemistry, materials science, physics, theory, and engineering, opening up new opportunities for emerging applications such as in organic/hybrid/perovskite solar cells, thermoelectrics, field-effect/electrochemical transistors, and sensors. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding of the structure–property relationships is desired, and strategies for more efficient and stable devices are urgently needed.

In this Special Issue titled “Emerging Efficient Electronic and Energy Materials”, we aim to provide a timely perspective on the advances and strategies in emerging efficient electronic and energy materials.

Full research articles, communications, reviews, and mini-reviews are all encouraged. Experimental and theoretical contributions are both welcome.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Hybrid/lead-free/perovskite optoelectronics, synthesis and characterization, and applications;
  • Organic/hybrid thermoelectrics, structure–property relationships, doping, and devices;
  • Printed/flexible/stretchable/wearable electronic devices, such as transistors and sensors;
  • Charge transport mechanisms in semiconducting polymers and conjugated molecules;
  • Air stability, thermal stability, and operational stability of various devices;
  • Thermally activated delayed fluorescence for organic light-emitting diodes;
  • The computational study, modeling, and DFT/molecular dynamics simulations.

We look forward to your valuable contribution to this Special Issue.

Dr. Suhao Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • organic electronics
  • photovoltaics
  • thermoelectrics
  • field-effect transistors
  • electrochemical transistors
  • perovskite
  • charge transport
  • TADF, OLEDs
  • DFT calculation

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2270 KiB  
Article
Suppressing Dendrite Growth with Eco-Friendly Sodium Lignosulfonate Additive in Quasi-Solid-State Li Metal Battery
by Yingkang Tian, Xinyang Chen, Xuejie Gao, Hanyan Wu, Chen Cheng, Shuiping Cai, Wenfeng Ren, Xiaofei Yang and Runcang Sun
Molecules 2023, 28(19), 6905; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28196905 - 2 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1155
Abstract
The application of lithium metal batteries is limited by the drawbacks of safety problems and Li dendrite formation. Quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs) are the most promising alternatives to commercial liquid electrolytes due to their high safety and great compatibility with electrodes. However, Li dendrite [...] Read more.
The application of lithium metal batteries is limited by the drawbacks of safety problems and Li dendrite formation. Quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs) are the most promising alternatives to commercial liquid electrolytes due to their high safety and great compatibility with electrodes. However, Li dendrite formation and the slow Li+ diffusion in QSSEs severely hinder uniform Li deposition, thus leading to Li dendrite growth and short circuits. Herein, an eco-friendly and low-cost sodium lignosulfonate (LSS)-assisted PVDF-based QSSE is proposed to induce uniform Li deposition and inhibit Li dendrite growth. Li symmetric cells with 5%-LSS QSSE possess a high Li+ transfer number of 0.79, and they exhibit a long cycle life of 1000 h at a current density/areal capacity of 1 mA cm−2/5 mAh cm−2. Moreover, due to the fast electrochemical dynamics endowed by the improved compatibility of the electrodes and fast Li+ diffusion, the LFP/5%-LSS/Li full cells still maintain a high capacity of 110 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles at 6C. This work provides a novel and promising choice that uses eco-friendly LSS as an additive to PVDF-based QSSE in Li metal batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Efficient Electronic and Energy Materials)
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12 pages, 4017 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Dielectric Films with Ultralow Permittivity from Soluble Fluorinated Polyimide
by Hejian Li, Xiangyi Kong, Shixiao Wang, Min Gong, Xiang Lin, Liang Zhang and Dongrui Wang
Molecules 2023, 28(7), 3095; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073095 - 30 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2011
Abstract
In the rapidly growing area of high-frequency communications, polyimide films with ultralow dielectric constant and dielectric loss, adequate insulating strength, and recyclability are in high demand. Using a synthesized soluble fluorinated polyimide, a series of recyclable porous dielectric films with varying porosities were [...] Read more.
In the rapidly growing area of high-frequency communications, polyimide films with ultralow dielectric constant and dielectric loss, adequate insulating strength, and recyclability are in high demand. Using a synthesized soluble fluorinated polyimide, a series of recyclable porous dielectric films with varying porosities were fabricated in this study through nonsolvent-induced phase separation. By manipulating the mass ratio of the binary solvent used to dissolve the polyimide, the shape, size, and size distribution of the pores generated throughout the polyimide matrix can be accurately regulated. The porosity and average pore size of the as-prepared porous films were adjustable between 71% and 33% and between 9.31 and 1.00 μm, respectively, which resulted in a variable dielectric constant of 1.51–2.42 (100 kHz) and electrical breakdown strength of 30.3–119.7 kV/mm. The porous sPI film with a porosity rate of 48% displayed a low dielectric constant of 2.48 at 10 GHz. Coupled with their superior thermal stability, mechanical characteristics, and recyclability, these porous polyimide films are highly promising for constructing high-frequency microelectronic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Efficient Electronic and Energy Materials)
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20 pages, 2661 KiB  
Article
Synthesis, Solution, and Solid State Properties of Homological Dialkylated Naphthalene Diimides—A Systematic Review of Molecules for Next-Generation Organic Electronics
by Dorota Chlebosz, Waldemar Goldeman, Krzysztof Janus, Michał Szuster and Adam Kiersnowski
Molecules 2023, 28(7), 2940; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28072940 - 25 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2653
Abstract
This systematic study aimed at finding a correlation between molecular structure, solubility, self-assembly, and electronic properties of a homological series of N-alkylated naphthalene diimides (NDIs). NDIs are known for their n-type carrier mobility and, therefore, have potential in the field of organic [...] Read more.
This systematic study aimed at finding a correlation between molecular structure, solubility, self-assembly, and electronic properties of a homological series of N-alkylated naphthalene diimides (NDIs). NDIs are known for their n-type carrier mobility and, therefore, have potential in the field of organic electronics, photovoltaics, and sensors. For the purpose of this study, nine symmetrical N,N′-dialkylated naphthalene diimides (NDIC3-NDIC11) were synthesized in the reaction of 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride with alkylamines ranging from propyl- to undecyl-. The NDIs were characterized by spectroscopic (NMR, UV-Vis, FTIR), microscopic, and thermal methods (TGA and DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Our experimental study, extensively referring to findings reported in the literature, indicated that the NDIs revealed specific trends in spectroscopic and thermal properties as well as solubility and crystal morphology. The solubility in good solvents (chloroform, toluene, dichlorobenzene) was found to be the highest for the NDIs substituted with the medium-length alkyl chains (NDIC5–NDIC8). Systematic FTIR and XRD studies unraveled a distinct parity effect related to the packing of NDI molecules with odd or even numbers of methylene groups in the alkyl substituents. The NDIs with an even number of methylene groups in the alkyl substituents revealed low-symmetry (P1−) triclinic packing, whereas those with an odd number of carbon atoms were generally monoclinic with P21/c symmetry. The odd–even parity effect also manifested itself in the overlapping of the NDIs’ aromatic cores and, hence, the π-π stacking distance (dπ-π). The odd-numbered NDIs generally revealed slightly smaller dπ-π values then the even-numbered ones. Testing the NDIs using standardized field-effect transistors and unified procedures revealed that the n-type mobility in NDIC6, NDIC7, and NDIC8 was 10- to 30-fold higher than for the NDIs with shorter or longer alkyl substituents. Our experimental results indicate that N,N′-alkylated NDIs reveal an optimum range of alkyl chain length in terms of solution processability and charge transport properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Efficient Electronic and Energy Materials)
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11 pages, 2351 KiB  
Article
New Non-Fullerene Acceptor with Extended Conjugation of Cyclopenta [2,1-b:3,4-b’] Dithiophene for Organic Solar Cells
by Cheng Sun, Sanseong Lee, Changeun Choi, Soyeong Jeong, Juhui Oh, Ju-Hyeon Kim, Jaeyoung Kim, Ho Eon Baek, Hongkyu Kang, Soo-Young Jang, Hyun Ho Choi, Kwanghee Lee and Yun-Hi Kim
Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7615; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217615 - 6 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2513
Abstract
Herein, we design and characterize 9-heterocyclic ring non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with the extended backbone of indacenodithiophene by cyclopenta [2,1-b:3,4-b’] dithiophene (CPDT). The planar conjugated CPDT donor enhances absorption by reducing vibronic transition and charge transport. Developed NFAs with different end groups shows maximum [...] Read more.
Herein, we design and characterize 9-heterocyclic ring non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with the extended backbone of indacenodithiophene by cyclopenta [2,1-b:3,4-b’] dithiophene (CPDT). The planar conjugated CPDT donor enhances absorption by reducing vibronic transition and charge transport. Developed NFAs with different end groups shows maximum absorption at approximately 790–850 nm in film. Because of the electronegative nature of the end-group, the corresponding acceptors showed deeper LUMO energy levels and red-shifted ultraviolet absorption. We investigate the crystallinity, film morphology, surface energy, and electronic as well as photovoltaic performance. The organic photovoltaic cells using novel NFAs with the halogen end groups fluorine or chlorine demonstrate better charge collection and faster exciton dissociation than photovoltaic cells using NFAs with methyl or lacking a substituent. Photovoltaic devices constructed from m-Me-ITIC with various end groups deliver power conversion efficiencies of 3.6–11.8%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Efficient Electronic and Energy Materials)
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13 pages, 2595 KiB  
Article
Improvement in Optoelectronic Properties of Bismuth Sulphide Thin Films by Chromium Incorporation at the Orthorhombic Crystal Lattice for Photovoltaic Applications
by Tanzeela Fazal, Shahid Iqbal, Mazloom Shah, Bushra Ismail, Nusrat Shaheen, Hamad Alrbyawi, Murefah Mana Al-Anazy, Eslam B. Elkaeed, H. H. Somaily, Rami Adel Pashameah, Eman Alzahrani and Abd-ElAziem Farouk
Molecules 2022, 27(19), 6419; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196419 - 28 Sep 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1655
Abstract
By using the chemical bath deposition approach, binary bismuth sulphides (Bi2S3) and chromium-doped ternary bismuth sulphides (Bi2−xCrxS3) thin films were effectively produced, and their potential for photovoltaic applications was examined. Structural elucidation revealed [...] Read more.
By using the chemical bath deposition approach, binary bismuth sulphides (Bi2S3) and chromium-doped ternary bismuth sulphides (Bi2−xCrxS3) thin films were effectively produced, and their potential for photovoltaic applications was examined. Structural elucidation revealed that Bi2S3 deposited by this simple and cost-effective method retained its orthorhombic crystal lattice by doping up to 3 at.%. The morphological analysis confirmed the crack-free deposition, hence making them suitable for solar cell applications. Optical analysis showed that deposited thin films have a bandgap in the range of 1.30 to 1.17 eV, values of refractive index (n) from 2.9 to 1.3, and an extinction coefficient (k) from 1.03 to 0.3. From the Hall measurements, it followed that the dominant carriers in all doped and undoped samples are electrons, and the carrier density in doped samples is almost two orders of magnitude larger than in Bi2S3. Hence, this suggests that doping is an effective tool to improve the optoelectronic behavior of Bi2S3 thin films by engineering the compositional, structural, and morphological properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Efficient Electronic and Energy Materials)
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Review

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20 pages, 6574 KiB  
Review
Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermoelectric Systems for Round-the-Clock Energy Harvesting
by Yingyao Zhang and Peng Gao
Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7590; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217590 - 5 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2456
Abstract
Due to their emission-free operation and high efficiency, photovoltaic cells (PVCs) have been one of the candidates for next-generation “green” power generators. However, PVCs require prolonged exposure to sunlight to work, resulting in elevated temperatures and worsened performances. To overcome this shortcoming, photovoltaic–thermal [...] Read more.
Due to their emission-free operation and high efficiency, photovoltaic cells (PVCs) have been one of the candidates for next-generation “green” power generators. However, PVCs require prolonged exposure to sunlight to work, resulting in elevated temperatures and worsened performances. To overcome this shortcoming, photovoltaic–thermal collector (PVT) systems are used to cool down PVCs, leaving the waste heat unrecovered. Fortunately, the development of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) provides a way to directly convert temperature gradients into electricity. The PVC–TEG hybrid system not only solves the problem of overheated solar cells but also improves the overall power output. In this review, we first discuss the basic principle of PVCs and TEGs, as well as the principle and basic configuration of the hybrid system. Then, the optimization of the hybrid system, including internal and external aspects, is elaborated. Furthermore, we compare the economic evaluation and power output of PVC and hybrid systems. Finally, a further outlook on the hybrid system is offered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Efficient Electronic and Energy Materials)
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