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Brønsted Base Catalysis in Organic Synthesis

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Organic Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2015) | Viewed by 27454

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
Interests: practical asymmetric synthesis; organocatalysis; green & environmentally friendly chemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A Brønsted base is generally defined by its ability to abstract a proton. Amongst the nitrogen-type bases, amidines, such as DBU (1,8-Diazabicycloundec-7-ene), and guanidines, such as TBD (1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene), show the strongest Brønsted basicity. These Brønsted bases have emerged as highly efficient catalysts for a wide array of chemical transformations. As such, both naturally occurring and designed catalysts containing these functional groups, including chiral variants, have received significant attention over the past decade. Separately, many chemists have also embarked on programs for designing superbases, which are extremely strong bases with high affinities for protons. Such developments have led to an explosion in structural moieties containing phosphorus, such as phosphazenes and iminophosphorane. Recent computational and kinetic studies on Brønsted base catalysis have also led to better understandings of catalytic cycles.

Thus, it is timely, that we collect and bring together such diverse research into one Special Issue of Molecules. We hope that in a small way, we help to generate more interest in this research area.

Prof. Dr. Choon-Hong Tan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Brønsted base
  • DBU
  • TBD
  • superbases
  • Cinchona alkaloids
  • proton
  • phosphazene
  • iminophosphorane
  • computational studies
  • kinetic studies

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

756 KiB  
Article
A Mild and Regioselective Ring-Opening of Aziridines with Acid Anhydride Using TBD or PS-TBD as a Catalyst
by Satoru Matsukawa and Yasutaka Mouri
Molecules 2015, 20(10), 18482-18495; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201018482 - 09 Oct 2015
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 7819
Abstract
The ring-opening of N-tosylaziridines with various acid anhydrides catalyzed by 5 mol % of 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4,4,0]dec-5-ene (TBD) afforded the corresponding β-amino esters in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Polymer-supported catalyst, PS-TBD also acts as a good catalyst for this reaction. PS-TBD was [...] Read more.
The ring-opening of N-tosylaziridines with various acid anhydrides catalyzed by 5 mol % of 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4,4,0]dec-5-ene (TBD) afforded the corresponding β-amino esters in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Polymer-supported catalyst, PS-TBD also acts as a good catalyst for this reaction. PS-TBD was easily recovered and reused with minimal loss of activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brønsted Base Catalysis in Organic Synthesis)
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1476 KiB  
Article
Unconventional Bifunctional Lewis-Brønsted Acid Activation Mode in Bicyclic Guanidine-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition Reactions
by Bokun Cho and Ming Wah Wong
Molecules 2015, 20(8), 15108-15121; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200815108 - 18 Aug 2015
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 7584
Abstract
DFT calculations have demonstrated that the unconventional bifunctional Brønsted-Lewis acid activation mode is generally applicable to a range of nucleophilic conjugate additions catalyzed by bicyclic guanidine catalysts. It competes readily with the conventional bifunctional Brønsted acid mode of activation. The optimal pro-nucleophiles for [...] Read more.
DFT calculations have demonstrated that the unconventional bifunctional Brønsted-Lewis acid activation mode is generally applicable to a range of nucleophilic conjugate additions catalyzed by bicyclic guanidine catalysts. It competes readily with the conventional bifunctional Brønsted acid mode of activation. The optimal pro-nucleophiles for this unconventional bifunctional activation are acidic substrates with low pKa, while the best electrophiles are flexible 1,4-diamide and 1,4-diester conjugated systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brønsted Base Catalysis in Organic Synthesis)
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1174 KiB  
Article
Diastereodivergent and Enantioselective [4+2] Annulations of γ-Butenolides with Cyclic 1-Azadienes
by Chao Li, Kun Jiang and Ying-Chun Chen
Molecules 2015, 20(8), 13642-13658; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200813642 - 27 Jul 2015
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5549
Abstract
An asymmetric annulation reaction of γ-butenolides and cyclic 1-azadienes containing a 1,2-benzoisothiazole-1,1-dioxide motif has been studied, proceeding in a tandem Michael addition-aza-Michael addition sequence. Endo-type cycloadducts bearing fused tetracyclic skeletons were isolated in fair yields and with high enantioselectivity (up to >99% [...] Read more.
An asymmetric annulation reaction of γ-butenolides and cyclic 1-azadienes containing a 1,2-benzoisothiazole-1,1-dioxide motif has been studied, proceeding in a tandem Michael addition-aza-Michael addition sequence. Endo-type cycloadducts bearing fused tetracyclic skeletons were isolated in fair yields and with high enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee) under the catalysis of modified cinchona alkaloid (DHQD)2PHAL. Besides, exo-type diastereomers could be produced using β-isocupreidine (β-ICD) as the catalyst, though with moderate enantioselectivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brønsted Base Catalysis in Organic Synthesis)
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816 KiB  
Article
Development of Guanidine-Bisurea Bifunctional Organocatalysts with a Chiral Pyrrolidine Moiety and Application to α-Hydroxylation of Tetralone-Derived β-Keto Esters
by Minami Odagi, Kan Takayama, Makoto Sato, Masahiro Yamanaka and Kazuo Nagasawa
Molecules 2015, 20(7), 12590-12598; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200712590 - 10 Jul 2015
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 6497
Abstract
Novel guanidine-bisurea bifunctional organocatalysts 5 bearing a chiral pyrrolidine moiety on guanidine were designed with the guidance of DFT calculations. The resulting organocatalysts 5 were examined for α-hydroxylation of tetralone-derived β-keto esters, and good selectivity was obtained with 5j bearing a methoxymethyl ether-containing [...] Read more.
Novel guanidine-bisurea bifunctional organocatalysts 5 bearing a chiral pyrrolidine moiety on guanidine were designed with the guidance of DFT calculations. The resulting organocatalysts 5 were examined for α-hydroxylation of tetralone-derived β-keto esters, and good selectivity was obtained with 5j bearing a methoxymethyl ether-containing chiral pyrrolidine moiety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brønsted Base Catalysis in Organic Synthesis)
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