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Nanomaterials
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Nanomaterials for Optical Bio/Chemical Sensing
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Nanomaterials for Optical Bio/Chemical Sensing

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 10604

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mohsen Rahmani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
Interests: light-matter interactions with various type of nanomaterials, e.g. metallic; dielectric and semiconductor nanoparticles; in the linear and nonlinear regime for applications in bio-sensing flat optics and near-infrared imaging, etc.
Dr. Cuifeng Ying

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
Interests: nanotechnology; single-molecule biosensing; nanophotonics
Dr. Lei Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
Interests: nanophotonics; optoelectronics meta-devices; low carbon technologies (i.e. solar energy harvesting, innovative radiative cooling for energy saving); bio-photonics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The recent surge in the development of functional nanomaterials has significantly increased the effectiveness of optical biosensors. Nanoscale materials offer high throughput, high sensitivity, rapid response time and compact features. Therefore, engineered nanomaterials can be employed to magnify the optical readout of low concentration bio/chemical molecules and biomarkers in the liquid of gaseous environments. Indeed, customised nanomaterials are one of the key tools to realise the next generation of ultra-sensitive sensors for medical diagnosis in the early stages of diseases development. They can also pave the pathways to improve food quality control, and environmental monitoring systems.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the recent progress in the field of optical nanomaterials-based bio/chemical sensors, categorised by materials such as plasmonics, dielectrics and semiconductors, metamaterials, metasurfaces, 2D materials, hybrid nanoparticles, quantum dots, and nanopores. We invite the submission of papers, relevant to optical micro and nano bio/chemical sensing, based on various materials and techniques, including but not limited to: Plasmonics, Mie-resonant dielectric and semiconductor nanostructures, metasurfaces, Terahertz sensing, Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), fluorescence emission, absorbance/reflection/scattering spectroscopy, label-free biosensing, and single-molecule biosensing. We also invite the submission of works devoted to the engineering of nanomaterials for optical biosensing applications, such as the designing, modelling, synthesis, fabrication and characterisation of nanomaterials. Other contributions dedicated to addressing bio-sample preparation issues, such as surface functionalisation, fluorescence labelling, biomarker preparation and immobilisation, will also be welcome.

Prof. Dr. Mohsen Rahmani
Dr. Cuifeng Ying
Dr. Lei Xu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanomaterials
  • metamaterials and metasurfaces
  • dielectrics and semiconductors
  • plasmonics
  • optical resonances
  • near-field enhancement
  • surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)
  • spectroscopy
  • biosensing
  • fluorescence labelling
  • single-molecule sensing

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3336 KiB  
Article
Rapid Formation of Nanoclusters for Detection of Drugs in Urine Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
by Yun-Chu Chen, Shang-Wen Hong, Huang-Hesin Wu, Yuh-Lin Wang and Yih-Fan Chen
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(7), 1789; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11071789 - 9 Jul 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3061
Abstract
We developed a method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and a sample pretreatment process for rapid, sensitive, reproducible, multiplexed, and low-cost detection of illegal drugs in urine. The abuse of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has become an increasingly serious problem in many [...] Read more.
We developed a method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and a sample pretreatment process for rapid, sensitive, reproducible, multiplexed, and low-cost detection of illegal drugs in urine. The abuse of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has become an increasingly serious problem in many countries. However, immunoassay-based screening kits for NPS are usually not available because of the lack of corresponding antibodies. SERS has a great potential for rapid detection of NPS because it can simultaneously detect multiple kinds of drugs without the use of antibodies. To achieve highly sensitive SERS detection of drugs, sodium bromide was first employed to induce the rapid formation of Ag nanoclusters by aggregating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the extracted sample solution. SERS measurements were performed immediately after the sample pretreatment without incubation. The three-dimensional SERS hot spots were believed to form significantly within the nanoclusters, providing strong SERS enhancement effects. The displacement of citrate molecules on the surfaces of the AgNPs by bromide ions helped increase the adsorption of drug molecules, increasing their areal density. We demonstrated the simultaneous detection of two kinds of NPS, methcathinone and 4-methylmethcathinone, in urine at a concentration as low as 0.01 ppm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Optical Bio/Chemical Sensing)
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11 pages, 2175 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Performance of Titania 3D Nanonetwork Electrodes Induced by Pulse Ionization at Varied Pulse Repetitions
by Amirhossein Gholami, Chae-Ho Yim and Amirkianoosh Kiani
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(5), 1062; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11051062 - 21 Apr 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2061
Abstract
Pulse ionized titania 3D-nanonetworks (T3DN) are emerging materials for fabricating binder-free and carbon-free electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices. In this article, we investigate the effect of the one of the most important fabrication parameters, pulse frequency, for optimizing supercapacitor efficiency. A series [...] Read more.
Pulse ionized titania 3D-nanonetworks (T3DN) are emerging materials for fabricating binder-free and carbon-free electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices. In this article, we investigate the effect of the one of the most important fabrication parameters, pulse frequency, for optimizing supercapacitor efficiency. A series of coin cell batteries with laser-induced electrodes was fabricated; the effect of pulse frequency on oxidation levels and material properties was studied using both experimental and theoretical analysis. Also, detailed electrochemical tests including cyclic voltammetry (CV), charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were conducted to better understand the effect of pulse frequency on the electrochemical performance of the fabricated devices. The results show that at a frequency of 600 kHz, more T3DN were observed due to the higher temperature and stabler formation of the plasma plume, which resulted in better performance of the fabricated supercapacitors; specific capacitances of samples fabricated at 600 kHz and 1200 kHz were calculated to be 59.85 and 54.39 mF/g at 500 mV/s, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Optical Bio/Chemical Sensing)
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Review

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22 pages, 2152 KiB  
Review
Localized Nanopore Fabrication via Controlled Breakdown
by Cuifeng Ying, Tianji Ma, Lei Xu and Mohsen Rahmani
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(14), 2384; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142384 - 12 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3210
Abstract
Nanopore sensors provide a unique platform to detect individual nucleic acids, proteins, and other biomolecules without the need for fluorescent labeling or chemical modifications. Solid-state nanopores offer the potential to integrate nanopore sensing with other technologies such as field-effect transistors (FETs), optics, plasmonics, [...] Read more.
Nanopore sensors provide a unique platform to detect individual nucleic acids, proteins, and other biomolecules without the need for fluorescent labeling or chemical modifications. Solid-state nanopores offer the potential to integrate nanopore sensing with other technologies such as field-effect transistors (FETs), optics, plasmonics, and microfluidics, thereby attracting attention to the development of commercial instruments for diagnostics and healthcare applications. Stable nanopores with ideal dimensions are particularly critical for nanopore sensors to be integrated into other sensing devices and provide a high signal-to-noise ratio. Nanopore fabrication, although having benefited largely from the development of sophisticated nanofabrication techniques, remains a challenge in terms of cost, time consumption and accessibility. One of the latest developed methods—controlled breakdown (CBD)—has made the nanopore technique broadly accessible, boosting the use of nanopore sensing in both fundamental research and biomedical applications. Many works have been developed to improve the efficiency and robustness of pore formation by CBD. However, nanopores formed by traditional CBD are randomly positioned in the membrane. To expand nanopore sensing to a wider biomedical application, controlling the localization of nanopores formed by CBD is essential. This article reviews the recent strategies to control the location of nanopores formed by CBD. We discuss the fundamental mechanism and the efforts of different approaches to confine the region of nanopore formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Optical Bio/Chemical Sensing)
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16 pages, 26032 KiB  
Review
Nanopore Technology for the Application of Protein Detection
by Xiaoqing Zeng, Yang Xiang, Qianshan Liu, Liang Wang, Qianyun Ma, Wenhao Ma, Delin Zeng, Yajie Yin and Deqiang Wang
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(8), 1942; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11081942 - 28 Jul 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5882
Abstract
Protein is an important component of all the cells and tissues of the human body and is the material basis of life. Its content, sequence, and spatial structure have a great impact on proteomics and human biology. It can reflect the important information [...] Read more.
Protein is an important component of all the cells and tissues of the human body and is the material basis of life. Its content, sequence, and spatial structure have a great impact on proteomics and human biology. It can reflect the important information of normal or pathophysiological processes and promote the development of new diagnoses and treatment methods. However, the current techniques of proteomics for protein analysis are limited by chemical modifications, large sample sizes, or cumbersome operations. Solving this problem requires overcoming huge challenges. Nanopore single molecule detection technology overcomes this shortcoming. As a new sensing technology, it has the advantages of no labeling, high sensitivity, fast detection speed, real-time monitoring, and simple operation. It is widely used in gene sequencing, detection of peptides and proteins, markers and microorganisms, and other biomolecules and metal ions. Therefore, based on the advantages of novel nanopore single-molecule detection technology, its application to protein sequence detection and structure recognition has also been proposed and developed. In this paper, the application of nanopore single-molecule detection technology in protein detection in recent years is reviewed, and its development prospect is investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Optical Bio/Chemical Sensing)
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