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Nanomaterials
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Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for Biosensors
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Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for Biosensors

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 13038

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ming Su

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Interests: nanomaterials; chemical and biological sensing; phase change nanoparticles; micro and nanofabrication; nanomedicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Xiaohong Fang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Interests: single biomolecule fluorescence imaging; single molecular force spectroscopy; novel probes for real time detection of proteins; nano biosensors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of biosensing has been significantly enhanced by the development of nanomaterials and nanostructures with optical, electric, magnetic, and electrochemical properties. With their nanometer size in one dimension, nanomaterials and nanostructures present an environment that can facilitate interaction among biological objects including protein, nuclear acids, and cells. The enhanced interaction allows targeted biological objects to be captured with high sensitivity and specificity within a short time. The nanomaterials and nanostructures have been used for in vitro and in vivo detection of molecular biomarkers of diseases released in body fluids of patients, and as imaging contrasts to map out the spatial distribution of biomarkers in patients. The last Special Issue on nanomaterials-enhanced biosensing was published several years ago, and there has been impressive new progress in the field since. Thus, it is the time to highlight these new results so that we can be better prepared for future development. This Special Issue is focused on the synthesis, properties, and prospective biosensing applications of nanomaterials and nanostructures in chemistry, physics, biology, and medicine.

Prof. Dr. Ming Su
Prof. Dr. Xiaohong Fang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nanomaterials
  • Nanostructures
  • Biosensing
  • Nanomedicines

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4253 KiB  
Article
DNA-Directed Protein Anchoring on Oligo/Alkanethiol-Coated Gold Nanoparticles: A Versatile Platform for Biosensing Applications
by Ahmed Alsadig, Behnaz Abbasgholi-NA, Hendrik Vondracek, Barbara Medagli, Sara Fortuna, Paola Posocco, Pietro Parisse, Humberto Cabrera and Loredana Casalis
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(1), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13010078 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2240
Abstract
Herein, we report on a smart biosensing platform that exploits gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized through ssDNA self-assembled monolayers (SAM) and the DNA-directed immobilization (DDI) of DNA-protein conjugates; a novel, high-sensitivity optical characterization technique based on a miniaturized gel electrophoresis chip integrated with online [...] Read more.
Herein, we report on a smart biosensing platform that exploits gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized through ssDNA self-assembled monolayers (SAM) and the DNA-directed immobilization (DDI) of DNA-protein conjugates; a novel, high-sensitivity optical characterization technique based on a miniaturized gel electrophoresis chip integrated with online thermal lens spectrometry (MGEC-TLS), for the high-sensitivity detection of antigen binding events. Specifically, we characterized the physicochemical properties of 20 nm AuNPs covered with mixed SAMs of thiolated single-stranded DNA and bio-repellent molecules, referred to as top-terminated oligo-ethylene glycol (TOEG6), demonstrating high colloidal stability, optimal binder surface density, and proper hybridization capacity. Further, to explore the design in the frame of cancer-associated antigen detection, complementary ssDNA fragments conjugated with a nanobody, called C8, were loaded on the particles and employed to detect the presence of the HER2-ECD antigen in liquid. At variance with conventional surface plasmon resonance detection, MGEC-TLS characterization confirmed the capability of the assay to titrate the HER2-ECD antigen down to concentrations of 440 ng/mL. The high versatility of the directed protein-DNA conjugates immobilization through DNA hybridization on plasmonic scaffolds and coupled with the high sensitivity of the MGEC-TLS detection qualifies the proposed assay as a potential, easily operated biosensing strategy for the fast and label-free detection of disease-relevant antigens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for Biosensors)
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14 pages, 2880 KiB  
Article
Electrodeposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Indium-Doped Tin Oxide Using Hydrogel Electrolyte for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing
by Jihyeon Kim, Byung-Kwon Kim and Kyungsoon Park
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13010048 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2206
Abstract
Nanoparticles are used in various fields, including fuel cells, energy conversion devices, and sensors, because of their large surface area and excellent catalytic properties. Although various methods of synthesizing nanoparticles are available, the most popular is the solution-phase reduction of metal ions. Electrodeposition [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles are used in various fields, including fuel cells, energy conversion devices, and sensors, because of their large surface area and excellent catalytic properties. Although various methods of synthesizing nanoparticles are available, the most popular is the solution-phase reduction of metal ions. Electrodeposition is a method of reducing metal ions in solution and is widely used because of its various advantages. In this study, Ag nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution were evenly dispersed on the surface of an electrode by applying electrodeposition in an agarose hydrogel medium instead of in solution, confirming the feasibility of Ag deposition in agarose hydrogel, even at a lower reduction potential than that in solution. These results are attributed to the electrolyte effect owing to the hydrophilic backbone of the agarose hydrogel and the gel effect, which reduces unexpected convection. H2O2 was detected by using the Ag nanoparticles synthesized in agarose hydrogel, and the limit of detection for H2O2 was found to be 4.82 µM, with a dynamic range of 1–500 µM. The nanoparticle synthesis platform proposed in this study is expected to be actively used for the synthesis of other metal/nonmetal nanoparticles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for Biosensors)
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8 pages, 1844 KiB  
Article
Shrinkable Hydrogel-Enhanced Biomarker Detection with X-ray Fluorescent Nanoparticles
by Yiting Zheng, Ruiqing Huo and Ming Su
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(14), 2412; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142412 - 14 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1387
Abstract
This paper reports a new method to enhance the sensitivity of nanoparticle-based protein detection with X-ray fluorescence by exploiting the large volume reduction of hydrogel upon dehydration. A carboxylated agarose hydrogel with uniaxial microchannels is used to allow rapid diffusion of nanoparticles and [...] Read more.
This paper reports a new method to enhance the sensitivity of nanoparticle-based protein detection with X-ray fluorescence by exploiting the large volume reduction of hydrogel upon dehydration. A carboxylated agarose hydrogel with uniaxial microchannels is used to allow rapid diffusion of nanoparticles and biomolecules into the hydrogel and water molecules out of the hydrogel. Carboxylated hydrogels are modified to capture protein biomarkers and X-ray fluorescence nanoparticles (iron oxide nanoparticles) are modified with antibodies that are specific to protein biomarkers. The presence of protein biomarkers in solution binds the nanoparticles on the hydrogel channels. The dehydration of hydrogels leads to a size reduction of over 80 times, which increases the number of nanoparticles in the interaction volume of the primary X-ray beam and the intensity of characteristic X-ray fluorescence signal. A detection limit of 2 μg/mL for protein detection has been established by determining the number of nanoparticles using X-ray fluorescence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for Biosensors)
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13 pages, 12661 KiB  
Article
Stable Thermally-Modulated Nanodroplet Ultrasound Contrast Agents
by Anastasiia Vasiukhina, Javad Eshraghi, Adib Ahmadzadegan, Craig J. Goergen, Pavlos P. Vlachos and Luis Solorio
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2225; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092225 - 29 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3505
Abstract
Liquid perfluorocarbon-based nanodroplets are stable enough to be used in extravascular imaging, but provide limited contrast enhancement due to their small size, incompressible core, and small acoustic impedance mismatch with biological fluids. Here we show a novel approach to overcoming this limitation by [...] Read more.
Liquid perfluorocarbon-based nanodroplets are stable enough to be used in extravascular imaging, but provide limited contrast enhancement due to their small size, incompressible core, and small acoustic impedance mismatch with biological fluids. Here we show a novel approach to overcoming this limitation by using a heating–cooling cycle, which we will refer to as thermal modulation (TM), to induce echogenicity of otherwise stable but poorly echogenic nanodroplets without triggering a transient phase shift. We apply thermal modulation to high-boiling point tetradecafluorohexane (TDFH) nanodroplets stabilized with a bovine serum albumin (BSA) shell. BSA-TDFH nanodroplets with an average diameter under 300 nanometers showed an 11.9 ± 5.4 mean fold increase in echogenicity on the B-mode and a 13.9 ± 6.9 increase on the nonlinear contrast (NLC) mode after thermal modulation. Once activated, the particles maintained their enhanced echogenicity (p < 0.001) for at least 13 h while retaining their nanoscale size. Our data indicate that thermally modulated nanodroplets can potentially serve as theranostic agents or sensors for various applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for Biosensors)
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Review

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36 pages, 7449 KiB  
Review
Design and Application of Electrochemical Sensors with Metal–Organic Frameworks as the Electrode Materials or Signal Tags
by Yong Chang, Jiaxin Lou, Luyao Yang, Miaomiao Liu, Ning Xia and Lin Liu
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(18), 3248; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12183248 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3056
Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with fascinating chemical and physical properties have attracted immense interest from researchers regarding the construction of electrochemical sensors. In this work, we review the most recent advancements of MOF−based electrochemical sensors for the detection of electroactive small molecules and biological [...] Read more.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with fascinating chemical and physical properties have attracted immense interest from researchers regarding the construction of electrochemical sensors. In this work, we review the most recent advancements of MOF−based electrochemical sensors for the detection of electroactive small molecules and biological macromolecules (e.g., DNA, proteins, and enzymes). The types and functions of MOF−based nanomaterials in terms of the design of electrochemical sensors are also discussed. Furthermore, the limitations and challenges of MOF−based electrochemical sensing devices are explored. This work should be invaluable for the development of MOF−based advanced sensing platforms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for Biosensors)
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