Dietary Fat and Human Health

Dear Colleagues,

The intake of hyperlipidic diets has experienced an important increase in developed societies, raising the risk of developing obesity and related metabolic disorders. In fact, fat-rich diet-feeding may be associated with hepatic steatosis, cardiovascular diseases, and type II diabetes, as well as contributing to an increased susceptibility to cognitive diseases, such as Alzheimer’s. More and more studies appear to reveal new metabolic alterations related to hyperlipidic diet intake, triggered by different molecular mechanisms, which are not fully understood. On the other hand, the next challenge for the scientific community is to find new, early, and easily obtainable dietary biomarkers in humans, in order to detect the detrimental effects of fat-rich diet-eating before the development of the metabolic alterations associated. Indeed, metabolic diseases frequently occurr silently, without apparent symptoms, as happens with the thin-outside-fat-inside phenotype, characterized by lean IMC and metabolic alteration. In addition, not all dietary fats lead to the same outcome, since monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been described to improve some important metabolic parameters such as cholesterol. In this sense, human genetics can determine not only our metabolic response to fat-rich diets but also to the type of fat ingested, which would allow one to design personalized-preventing strategies against obesity and related diseases associated with fat intake.

Prof. Andreu Palou
Dr. Barbara Reynes
Dr. Mariona Palou
Guest Editors

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