Dyslipidemia, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Disease: New Insights Old Concept

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite advancements in medicine, and produces immense global health and economic burdens. Dyslipidemia is a primary risk factor associated with CVD incidence which has been linked to genetic predisposition often triggered by behavior and lifestyle from early life, with unfavorable lipid profiles (low levels of High-Density Lipoprotein and high levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein and Triglycerides) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) observed in male and female adolescents.  It has been estimated that 70% of major CVD events were attributable to poor and moderate cardiovascular health (CVH), underlining the need to monitor cardiovascular risk scores but also to investigate old and new emerging risk factors that further affect CVH. Genetic variants, epigenetic modifications and metabolomic profiling are new areas of study that have been associated with an increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and other cardiometabolic diseases.

The most up-to-date cardiovascular risk factors, as reported by the American Heart Association (AHA) health statistics in 2022, include health behaviors and health factors. Health behaviors, however, are highly correlated with health factors, and these need to be assessed in conjunction. Old concepts that remain key behavioral risk factors include smoking and weight status, while electronic cigarette use, central obesity irrespective of weight status, and dietary intake irrespective of caloric density are newly emerging concepts that have also been found to increase CVD morbidity. Specifically, over the past decade, although cigarette smoking has declined among adults, the use of electronic cigarettes among adolescents increased by 18% in the US, because it is viewed as a safe alternative. In terms of diet, added sugar intake (which has low caloric density compared to fat), when consumed as sugar-sweetened beverages and artificially sweetened beverages, has been recently associated with an increased incidence of CVD in postmenopausal women using a Network Meta-analysis of prospective studies. COVID-19 was and may remain another key risk factor of CVD mortality, and research studies that effectively monitor this association are also valuable, as since 2020, life expectancy has been estimated to decline. Lastly, related to the old concept of apnea, sleep duration and timing is a new area of study that has also been suggested to increase CVD risk, namely heart failure.

Research studies that address these topics will help provide evidence-based results that can be used to potentially formulate and update guidelines and create practical recommendations for CVD prevention or the amelioration of prognoses.

This Special Issue of Nutrients therefore welcomes the submission of study design and intervention studies, as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses from a wide range of related disciplines (i.e., clinical nutrition, public health, epidemiology, health promotion, diabetes, MetS and other chronic diseases).

We invite clinicians and researchers to submit relevant scientific work from epidemiological or clinical studies, in the form of either original articles or reviews, to this Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled “Dyslipidemia, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Disease: New Insights, Old Concept”. 

Dr. Emmanuella Magriplis
Guest Editor

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• CVD prevention
• dyslipidemia
• atherosclerosis
• atherogenic diet
• obesity
• hypertension
• diet
• nutrition
• trans fatty acids
• fats
• sugars
• probiotics
• prevention and prognosis
• metabolomics