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Pathogens
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Aeromonas: Genome, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Treatment
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Aeromonas: Genome, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 6739

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Li Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Biotech & Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Interests: gut pathogens; Aeromonas; campylobacter; microbe-host interactions; microbiome

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aeromonas species are Gram negative facultative anaerobes commonly found in aquatic ecosystems. Many Aeromonas species are human and animal pathogens, causing a variety of diseases such as gastrointestinal infection, wound infection and sepsis. Infection can be spread by multipleroutes. 

Over the past decade, cutting-edge research in Aeromonas has contributed to enormous advances in our understanding of these bacteria, demonstrating their diverse metabolic and virulence capabilities that allow them to thrive in a wide range of hosts and habitats. In addition, an improved understanding of the interactions of Aeromonas with various organisms has demonstrated their important roles in both pathogenic and specific symbiotic relationships. Increased research is needed to provide scientific basis for the development of new prevention and treatment strategies and uncovering the novel pathogenic mechanism of Aeromonas in causing both human and animal diseases.

This special issue includes but not limited to the following topics:

  1. The genome features of Aeromonas species
  2. The transmission of Aeromonas infections
  3. Host-pathogen interaction and immune evasion mechanisms of Aeromonas 
  4. Prevention strategies for Aeromonas infections
  5. New therapeutic strategies against Aeromonas infections

Dr. Li Zhang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Aeromonas
  • transmission
  • pathogenesis
  • treatment
  • genome

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2669 KiB  
Article
Isolation, Identification, and Characterisation of a Novel ST2378 Aeromonas hydrophila Strain from Naturally Diseased Frogs, Rana dybowskii
by Ran Zhao, Jing Wang, Di Wang, Yanan Wang, Guo Hu and Shaowu Li
Pathogens 2024, 13(7), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13070552 - 30 Jun 2024
Viewed by 956
Abstract
In 2023, Rana dybowskii exhibiting characteristic skin ulcers were found on a farm in northeastern China. Subsequently, two dominant bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila Rd001 and Acinetobacter johnsonii Rd002, were isolated from naturally infected R. dybowskii. Experimental infection confirmed that Rd001 was the primary [...] Read more.
In 2023, Rana dybowskii exhibiting characteristic skin ulcers were found on a farm in northeastern China. Subsequently, two dominant bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila Rd001 and Acinetobacter johnsonii Rd002, were isolated from naturally infected R. dybowskii. Experimental infection confirmed that Rd001 was the primary pathogen responsible for the disease in R. dybowskii, with a mean lethal dose (LD50) of 6.25 × 102 CFU/g. The virulence genotype of Rd001 was identified as ser+/aha+/lip+/nuc+/hlyA+/aer+/alt+/ast+/act+. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that Rd001 was sensitive to enrofloxacin, flumequine, and neomycin. MLST analysis showed that Rd001 belonged to a new sequence type of A. hydrophila, named ST2378. This study offered the first comprehensive investigation into the pathogenicity, virulence genotypes, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic traits of A. hydrophila isolated from R. dybowskii, providing a theoretical foundation for preventing and controlling A. hydrophila infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aeromonas: Genome, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Treatment)
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26 pages, 8053 KiB  
Article
Polyinfection in Fish Aeromoniasis: A Study of Co-Isolated Aeromonas Species in Aeromonas veronii Outbreaks
by Yanelys Cantillo Villa, Adriana Triga and Pantelis Katharios
Pathogens 2023, 12(11), 1337; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12111337 - 10 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2395
Abstract
We studied the phenotypic and genomic characteristics related to the virulence and antibiotic resistance of two Aeromonas strains, which were co-isolated before an outbreak of Aeromonas veronii among diseased seabass on Agathonisi Island, Greece, in April 2015. The first strain, AG2.13.2, is a [...] Read more.
We studied the phenotypic and genomic characteristics related to the virulence and antibiotic resistance of two Aeromonas strains, which were co-isolated before an outbreak of Aeromonas veronii among diseased seabass on Agathonisi Island, Greece, in April 2015. The first strain, AG2.13.2, is a potentially pathogenic mesophilic variant of Aeromonas salmonicida, and the second, AG2.13.5, corresponds to an Aeromonas rivipollensis related to A. rivipollensis KN-Mc-11N1 with an ANI value of 97.32%. AG2.13.2 lacks the type III secretion system just like other mesophilic strains of A. salmonicida. This characteristic has been associated with lower virulence. However, the genome of AG2.13.2 contains other important virulence factors such as type II and type VI secretion systems, and toxins such as rtxA, aerolysin aer/act, and different types of hemolysins. The strain also carries several genes associated with antibiotic resistance such as the tetE efflux pump, and exhibits resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, and oxolinic acid. In an in vivo challenge test with gilthead seabream larvae, the A. veronii bv sobria strain AG5.28.6 exhibited the highest virulence among all tested strains. Conversely, both A. salmonicida and A. rivipollensis showed minimal virulence when administered alone. Interestingly, when A. veronii bv sobria AG5.28.6 was co-administered with A. rivipollensis, the larvae survival probability increased compared to those exposed to A. veronii bv sobria AG5.28.6 alone. This finding indicates an antagonistic interaction between A. veronii bv sobria AG5.28.6 and A. rivipollensis AG2.13.5. The co-administration of A. veronii bv sobria AG5.28.6 with Aeromonas salmonicida did not yield distinct survival probabilities. Our results validate that the primary pathogen responsible for European seabass aeromoniasis is Aeromonas veronii bv sobria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aeromonas: Genome, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Treatment)
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Review

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10 pages, 496 KiB  
Review
Aeromonas and mcr–3: A Critical Juncture for Transferable Polymyxin Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria
by Nathan L. McDonald, David W. Wareham and David C. Bean
Pathogens 2024, 13(11), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13110921 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 772
Abstract
Polymyxin antibiotics B and colistin are considered drugs of last resort for the treatment of multi-drug and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. With the emergence and dissemination of multi-drug resistance, monitoring the use and resistance to polymyxins imparted by mobilised colistin resistance genes (mcr [...] Read more.
Polymyxin antibiotics B and colistin are considered drugs of last resort for the treatment of multi-drug and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. With the emergence and dissemination of multi-drug resistance, monitoring the use and resistance to polymyxins imparted by mobilised colistin resistance genes (mcr) is becoming increasingly important. The Aeromonas genus is widely disseminated throughout the environment and serves as a reservoir of mcr–3, posing a significant risk for the spread of resistance to polymyxins. Recent phylogenetic studies and the identification of insertion elements associated with mcr–3 support the notion that Aeromonas spp. may be the evolutionary origin of the resistance gene. Furthermore, mcr–3-related genes have been shown to impart resistance in naïve E. coli and can increase the polymyxin MIC by up to 64-fold (with an MIC of 64 mg/L) in members of Aeromonas spp. This review will describe the genetic background of the mcr gene, the epidemiology of mcr-positive isolates, and the relationship between intrinsic and transferable mcr resistance genes, focusing on mcr–3 and mcr–3-related genes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aeromonas: Genome, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Treatment)
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Other

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8 pages, 450 KiB  
Case Report
Chronic Diarrhea Due to Aeromonas hydrophila in an Immunosuppressed Patient with a Pancreas–Kidney Transplant
by Pablo Solís-Sánchez, Marta Fernández-Martínez, Emilio Rodrigo-Calabia and Carlos Ruiz de Alegría-Puig
Pathogens 2023, 12(9), 1151; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091151 - 11 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1872
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas belongs to the Aeromonadaceae family. A patient with a pancreas–kidney transplant had multiple episodes of abdominal sepsis after surgery. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated in the ascitic and biliary fluid drains. After discharge, the patient had several diarrhea episodes, and A. [...] Read more.
The genus Aeromonas belongs to the Aeromonadaceae family. A patient with a pancreas–kidney transplant had multiple episodes of abdominal sepsis after surgery. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated in the ascitic and biliary fluid drains. After discharge, the patient had several diarrhea episodes, and A. hydrophila was isolated in four stool samples. We decided to test whether the one strain that we initially isolated in ascitic fluid was the same that appeared in the successive stool samples. Five isolates of A. hydrophila were found in the patient. Identification was performed using the MALDI-TOF system and confirmed via multiplex PCR. The analysis of the REP-PCR fingerprint patterns showed one cluster and confirmed that all isolates were related. We also demonstrated the virulent character of this species associated with genes encoding different toxins (act, alt, ast, hlyA, and aerA). The virulence of this species is associated with the expression of genes that encode different toxins, structural proteins, and metal-associated proteins. This case report highlights the severity of this disease, especially in immunocompromised patients, and its adequate treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aeromonas: Genome, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Treatment)
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