Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Wildlife: A “One Health” Approach to Surveillance, Transmission and Control

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 3617

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; wildlife; “One Health”; Betalactamases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem that must be tackled with a comprehensive "One Health" approach, i.e., taking into account the fact that human health should not be dissociated from animal and environmental health.

Wildlife has been identified as one of the drivers of the dissemination of MDR bacteria and/or genes conferring resistance to clinically important antimicrobials.

Wild animals can recirculate MDR bacteria into human and domestic animal populations. Especially important are wild birds that use livestock facilities for food and shelter, as they could contribute to the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to farm and companion animals.

On the other hand, fecal contamination of the environment by wild birds could also play a relevant role in the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to humans via livestock or water supplies.

Antibiotic resistance may also be a good indicator of humankind’s influence on wildlife’s exposure to bacteria. Animals in the wild can acquire these bacteria from treated water, farms, landfills, etc., with wild birds being one of the most studied groups in relation to this issue.

Animals admitted to wildlife recovery centers (WRCs) may harbor MDR bacteria and also zoonotic pathogens. This could pose a health risk to workers involved in animal rescue or research. Since most animals are intended to be returned to the wild after a few days or weeks, this could also pose a problem with respect to the spread of resistance in natural environments.

Although, theoretically, wild animals are not exposed to clinically relevant antibiotics, the detection of MDR strains in wildlife is increasing considerably, reinforcing the importance of and need for focused studies on this topic. In addition, monitoring these bacteria in wildlife has become an important surveillance tool since it could reflect antimicrobial resistance in strains isolated from humans and domestic animals.

The main objective of this Special Issue is to improve our understanding of the role of wildlife in the dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the framework of the “One Health” approach. For this, submissions of research manuscripts focused on the role of wildlife as reservoirs and transmitters of multidrug-resistant bacteria and analyses of how wildlife acquires MDR bacteria or genes are welcomed. Review manuscripts on this topic are also welcomed.

Dr. María Teresa Tejedor-Junco
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • multidrug resistance
  • wildlife
  • “One Health”

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2048 KiB  
Article
Culturomics Profiling of Nasal Cavities of European Wild Rabbits on the Iberian Peninsula: Antimicrobial Resistance and Detection of Microorganisms of Public Health Interest
by Carmen González-Azcona, Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz, Nuno Santos, Inés Del Campo-Fernández, Katherine Rojas-Tigasi, Tamara Álvarez-Gómez, Irene Marañón-Clemente, Paula Eguizábal, Idris Nasir Abdullahi, Carla Andrea Alonso, Carmen Torres and Carmen Lozano
Pathogens 2025, 14(4), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14040317 - 26 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Background: European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are closely connected to the natural environment and might be a potential source of pathogenic bacteria and/or antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. The objective was to identify the bacterial community (species and genera) that colonizes the nasal cavities [...] Read more.
Background: European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are closely connected to the natural environment and might be a potential source of pathogenic bacteria and/or antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. The objective was to identify the bacterial community (species and genera) that colonizes the nasal cavities of European wild rabbits as well as to study the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes of bacteria of public health interest. Methods: A total of 147 nasal swabs individually collected from wild rabbits in Spain and Portugal (between 2022 and 2024) were studied. Samples were inoculated in different culture media, and isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF. The AMR phenotypes of staphylococci, mammaliicocci, enterococci and Enterobacterales were evaluated by the disk-diffusion method. Results: Overall, 557 non-repetitive isolates were obtained (1 isolate per species and AMR phenotype of each animal). A wide diversity of genera (n = 40) and species (n = 90) was found. Staphylococcus (21.2%), Mammaliicoccus (11.7%), Enterococcus (23.3%), Enterobacter (9.2%), Citrobacter (4.5%) and Escherichia (5.9%) were the most detected genera. Most animals presented more than one genera (78.9%), and in 15.7% of them, at least five genera were identified. Susceptibility to all antimicrobials tested was found in 37.2%, 38.5% and 51.6% of staphylococci/mammaliicocci, enterococci and Escherichia coli isolates; moreover, multidrug resistance was detected in 10.4%, 14.6% and 9.6% of these groups of bacteria. Moreover, important species of pathogenic bacteria were found, such as Yersinia enterolocolitica (0.5%) and Bordetella bronchiseptica (0.2%), among others. Conclusions: A high bacterial diversity was detected in the nasal cavities of European wild rabbits from the Iberian Peninsula, including pathogenic species and/or resistant strains of public health interest. Full article
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9 pages, 256 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Enterococci Isolated from Nestlings of Wild Birds Feeding in Supplementary Feeding Stations: The Case of the Canarian Egyptian Vulture
by Margarita Rosa González-Martín, Alejandro Suárez-Pérez, Alejandro Álamo-Peña, Carmen Valverde Tercedor, Juan Alberto Corbera and María Teresa Tejedor-Junco
Pathogens 2024, 13(10), 855; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13100855 - 1 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern worldwide, requiring a holistic “One Health” strategy to address the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. This study focused on Enterococci isolated from Canary Island Egyptian vulture chicks, an endangered species that feeds at supplementary feeding [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern worldwide, requiring a holistic “One Health” strategy to address the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. This study focused on Enterococci isolated from Canary Island Egyptian vulture chicks, an endangered species that feeds at supplementary feeding stations in the Canary Islands. Sampling and identification revealed the presence of several Enterococcus species, with a predominance of E. faecalis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed resistance patterns, especially to important antibiotics such as quinolones, vancomycin, and linezolid. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant profiles was lower than that in other wild bird species. This study underscores the need for further research to understand the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in wildlife and its implications for public health and conservation efforts, emphasizing the importance of a “One Health” approach to address this pressing problem. Full article

Review

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30 pages, 1547 KiB  
Review
Klebsiella in Wildlife: Clonal Dynamics and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles, a Systematic Review
by Micaela Quintelas, Vanessa Silva, Sara Araújo, Maria Teresa Tejedor-Junco, José Eduardo Pereira, Gilberto Igrejas and Patricia Poeta
Pathogens 2024, 13(11), 945; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13110945 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1998
Abstract
Klebsiella spp. are a genus of Gram-negative, opportunistic bacteria frequently found in the flora of the mucosal membranes of healthy animals and humans, and in the environment. Species of this group can cause serious infections (meningitis, sepsis, bacteraemia, urinary tract infections, liver damage) [...] Read more.
Klebsiella spp. are a genus of Gram-negative, opportunistic bacteria frequently found in the flora of the mucosal membranes of healthy animals and humans, and in the environment. Species of this group can cause serious infections (meningitis, sepsis, bacteraemia, urinary tract infections, liver damage) and possible death in immunocompromised organisms (and even in immunocompetent ones in the case of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae) that are exposed to them. K. pneumoniae is part of the ESKAPE organisms, and so it is important to understand this genus in terms of multidrug-resistant bacteria and as a carrier of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. As it is a durable bacterium, it survives well even in hostile environments, making it possible to colonize all kinds of habitats, even the mucosal flora of wildlife. This systematic review explores the prevalence of Klebsiella spp. bacteria in wild animals, and the possibility of transmission to humans according to the One Health perspective. The isolates found in this review proved to be resistant to betalactams (blaTEM, blaOXA-48…), aminoglycosides (strAB, aadA2…), fosfomycin, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, trimethoprim, phenicols (catB4), and polymyxins (mcr4). Full article
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