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Pathogens
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HIV Primary Care and Management of Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts—Two...
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HIV Primary Care and Management of Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts—Two Sides of the Same Coin

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 6210

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nathan W. Cummins

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Infectious Disease, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Interests: HIV; transplant infectious diseases; pharmacogenomics; immunocompromised hosts

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aside from the current COVID-19 pandemic, we are at an interesting crossroads of two other pandemics with overlapping pathogenesis that represent two sides of the same host–pathogen interaction coin. Forty years into the HIV pandemic, combination antiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV infection into a chronic manageable illness, for those who can access this life-saving therapy. With that attendant increased life span, though, comes an increased need for primary care for persons living with HIV, and the recognition of unique primary care needs in this population, driven by chronic effects of persistent immune activation. Conversely, during this same time period, there has been an explosion of iatrogenic immunodeficiency, the result of advancements in the treatment of other non-infectious conditions, including cancer, autoimmune disease, and prevention of transplant organ rejection. While opportunistic infections from AIDS have decreased, those from iatrogenic acquired immunodeficiency are experiencing a sharp rise.

Significant gaps remain in understanding the host–pathogen interactions in the setting of chronic infections such as HIV or acute infections in immunocompromised hosts, and how those interactions ultimately determine both primary and acute care needs of the persons affected. This Special Issue will cover a wide range of topics focusing on the unique aspects of primary care in HIV and the management of infections in immunocompromised hosts. All types of articles will be considered for publication, including case reports or case series, primary research articles, commentaries, and reviews.

Dr. Nathan W. Cummins
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • HIV
  • primary care
  • transplant infectious diseases
  • immunocompromised hosts
  • immunomodulatory therapy
  • opportunistic infections

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

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13 pages, 238 KiB  
Review
Primary Care of the Person Living with HIV
by Mary J. Kasten
Pathogens 2022, 11(4), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040380 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1868
Abstract
Life-changing progress has been made over the past 30 years in the treatment of HIV infection. HIV has transformed from an illness that resulted in one complication after another and nearly always resulted in death to a chronic illness that for most patients [...] Read more.
Life-changing progress has been made over the past 30 years in the treatment of HIV infection. HIV has transformed from an illness that resulted in one complication after another and nearly always resulted in death to a chronic illness that for most patients is more easily managed than diabetes or heart disease. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is now simple and well-tolerated. The most important priority of HIV treatment is ensuring that people living with HIV stay on continuous, effective ART. ART, although not curative, suppresses the virus and allows the immune system to recover. Even when the CD4 count remains low, suppressive ART helps prevent opportunistic infections and other HIV related complications. (1) Suppressive ART is important not only to the individual living with HIV health but is an important public health goal since people living with HIV will not transmit HIV to their sexual partners if their viral load is undetectable. (2) A respectful, culturally appropriate patient–provider relationship is one of the most important factors in keeping people living with HIV engaged in care. (3) Persons living with HIV deserve both excellent HIV and primary care. Some communities have providers that are experts in both, but often people living with HIV receive the best care by collaboration between their primary care provider and an HIV expert. This article is written to help primary care givers who are not HIV experts provide appropriate primary care to their patients who are living with HIV and emphasizes issues that deserve additional attention in people living with HIV compared to the general population Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV Primary Care and Management of Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts—Two Sides of the Same Coin)
5 pages, 193 KiB  
Review
Metabolic Complications of Chronic HIV Infection: A Narrative Review
by Nathan W. Cummins
Pathogens 2022, 11(2), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020197 - 1 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1514
Abstract
As persons who are HIV positive and on suppressive antiretroviral therapy live longer, there is increased incidence and recognition of several metabolic complications of this chronic infection. These metabolic complications of HIV infection can result from the infection itself and/or otherwise effective antiviral [...] Read more.
As persons who are HIV positive and on suppressive antiretroviral therapy live longer, there is increased incidence and recognition of several metabolic complications of this chronic infection. These metabolic complications of HIV infection can result from the infection itself and/or otherwise effective antiviral treatment and can have significant impacts on morbidity and mortality. Some metabolic complications of HIV infection are preventable but most are modifiable, and therefore, active surveillance and screening are warranted. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight the most common metabolic complications of chronic HIV infection, associated risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV Primary Care and Management of Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts—Two Sides of the Same Coin)

Other

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7 pages, 234 KiB  
Commentary
HIV and Aging: Overcoming Challenges in Existing HIV Guidelines to Provide Patient-Centered Care for Older People with HIV
by Aroonsiri Sangarlangkarn, Yuji Yamada and Fred C. Ko
Pathogens 2021, 10(10), 1332; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101332 - 15 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2214
Abstract
With advances in antiretroviral therapy and subsequent increase in life expectancy, People with HIV (PWH) now experience multiple geriatric syndromes in the setting of advanced aging and increased multimorbidity. HIV clinicians bear the responsibility of delivering geriatric care to this vulnerable population, despite [...] Read more.
With advances in antiretroviral therapy and subsequent increase in life expectancy, People with HIV (PWH) now experience multiple geriatric syndromes in the setting of advanced aging and increased multimorbidity. HIV clinicians bear the responsibility of delivering geriatric care to this vulnerable population, despite limited geriatric medicine training and limited support from HIV service networks that were not traditionally designed to care for an aging population. Although HIV clinicians reported formal guidelines specific to older PWH to be among the most helpful interventions, current HIV guidelines present multiple issues in their applicability to the care of older PWH, including multifactorial nature of conditions in older adults, difficulty measuring patient-centered outcomes, lack of representation of older PWH in clinical trials, limited guidelines addressing geriatric syndromes, and the use of chronological age as criteria for inclusion despite advanced aging in PWH. Understanding that updated guidelines addressing above challenges may take many years to develop, we offer strategies on the application of current guidelines, including using baseline attributes, time to benefit, and the Geriatrics 5M model to aid in shared decision making and improve outcomes among older PWH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV Primary Care and Management of Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts—Two Sides of the Same Coin)
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