Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment of Brain Cancer: Recent Advances and Future Trends

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 June 2025 | Viewed by 820

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Brain cancer is a serious issue in the global burden of diseases. It is estimated that 3.24 million new cancer cases and 1.66 million cancer deaths will be registered across Europe in 2024 and 40,800 of these deaths are from brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers. Despite extensive efforts in molecular biology research, advances in biomedical engineering, artificial intelligence (AI) and big data science, brain tumors remain among the deadliest forms of cancer, resisting almost all conventional and novel treatments.

The aim of this Special Issue is to focus on recent advances and trends in the diagnosis, treatment (standard and newly developed, as well as natural substances) and the development of new in vitro, in vivo or ex vivo models in the field of brain cancer. Original articles and reviews are welcome for publication on the topic.

Dr. Terezia Kiskova
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • brain cancer
  • molecular mechanism
  • treatment
  • diagnosis
  • in vitro
  • in vivo
  • models

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

15 pages, 255 KiB  
Review
A 5-Year Update on the Clinical Development of Cancer Cell-Based Vaccines for Glioblastoma Multiforme
by Almohanad A. Alkayyal and Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(3), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18030376 - 6 Mar 2025
Viewed by 394
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered one of the most aggressive forms of brain cancer with a 15-month median survival, despite advancements in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The immune-suppressed tumor microenvironment and the blood–brain barrier are major contributors to its poor prognosis and treatment [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered one of the most aggressive forms of brain cancer with a 15-month median survival, despite advancements in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The immune-suppressed tumor microenvironment and the blood–brain barrier are major contributors to its poor prognosis and treatment resistance. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in developing cell-based vaccines to boost immune responses against GBM. This review provides an extensive update on recent clinical trials involving various cancer cell vaccines, including ICT-107, the α-type-1 DC vaccine, and others. Although these trials have demonstrated potential improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), the diverse and immune-suppressed nature of GBM poses challenges for consistent therapeutic success. We discuss the details of these trials along with the potential mechanism of vaccine efficacy and immune activations. The findings of these trials highlight the significance of a personalized immunotherapy approach and suggest that patient stratification could significantly advance the clinical management of GBM. Full article
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