Advances in Pharmacotherapy for Nasal Disorders in Rhinology

Dear Colleagues,

In the last decade, precision medicine and new biologics have revolutionized clinical practice. Every day we face new therapeutic challenges that require a meticulous selection process. This Special Issue aims to provide readers and colleagues with several new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of sinonasal diseases in adults and children. Chronic rhinosinusitis is a widespread and challenging disease affecting about 5% to 12% of the general population, exerting a significant social and economic impact. Depending on the presence or absence of nasal polyps, CRS is divided into two subgroups: chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. The latter is an inflammatory disease predominantly driven by type 2 inflammation, which is characterized by the upregulation of type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-5, high concentrations of tissue immunoglobulin (Ig)E, and increased serum IgE. T2 inflammation has been described as a common pathophysiological basis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and several comorbidities such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, etc., which often coexist in the same patient.

Chronic rhinosinusitis is characterized by chronic inflammation in the paranasal sinus, with persistent and debilitating symptoms that include nasal obstruction, hyposmia, or anosmia. Persistent symptoms have a strong negative impact on the patient’s quality of life and productivity compared to other serious chronic diseases. Chronic rhinosinusitis in children is a common condition that is often misdiagnosed and can be challenging to treat. The exact prevalence of pediatric rhinosinusitis is unknown because only a small percentage of cases present to the physician’s office. It is estimated that 6% to 13% of children will have had an episode of rhinosinusitis by 3 years of age.

Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis can be difficult to accurately diagnose, given multiple possible contributing factors and varying symptoms that can be challenging to ascertain in children. Studies of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis often focus on select populations of patients with upper respiratory complaints. Comorbidities associated with chronic rhinosinusitis should be carefully assessed in everyday clinical practice, even with the help of new diagnostic technologies, artificial intelligence, and multidisciplinary teams. With the perspective of precision medicine and a multidisciplinary approach, this Special Issue aims to describe not only the new challenges in clinical diagnostics but also to provide therapeutic tools useful in clinical practice to personalize strategies from a patient-centered perspective. Furthermore, the need for an integrated multidisciplinary approach in the evaluation of diseases in the fields of rhinology, otology, laryngology, allergology, immunology, pulmonology, pediatrics, dermatology, gastroenterology, and more cannot be overlooked.

These are the reasons that I proposed this Special Issue to collect articles on "Advances in Pharmacotherapy for Nasal Disorders in Rhinology". Studies should describe the challenges and perspectives in rhinology diagnostics and therapy using basic science, clinical, and population-based approaches.

Dr. Elena Cantone
Guest Editor

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• rhinology
• CRS
• asthma
• nasal polyps
• biologics
• airflow
• children
• QoL
• artificial intelligence
• olfaction
• chemical senses