Green Synthesis and Biological Applications of Metal Nanoparticles Influenced by Different Seasonal Periods

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2026) | Viewed by 1040

Special Issue Editors


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Embrapa Agroenergy, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasilia 70770-901, DF, Brazil
Interests: nanoparticles; biological applications; environment; health; catalysis; nanobiotechnology; biochemistry; phytochemistry
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Institute of Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Santarem 68005-100, PA, Brazil
Interests: bioscience; nanobiotechnology, biochemistry, organic chemistry; nanoparticles; biological applications

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Basic and Applied Bacteriology Laboratory, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
Interests: nanoparticles; antimicrobials; resistance; bacteria; metallic products
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The synthesis of metal nanoparticles involves various parameters influencing the size, shape, composition, stability and other properties of nanostructures, which must be optimized to improve their final characteristics. However, in biogenic synthesis studies using plants, it is important to note that plant metabolism and the presence/concentration of biomolecules can vary considerably depending on biochemical, physiological, ecological and evolutionary processes, including changes related to seasonality, which deal with the seasons in which botanical materials are collected for use in producing metal nanoparticles.

Thus, our Special Issue, entitled “Green Synthesis and Biological Applications of Metal Nanoparticles Influenced by Different Seasonal Periods”, provides an opportunity to evaluate the influences of seasonal variations on the yield, characteristics, reproducibility and applications of metal nanoparticles, which can be justified by climatic and environmental variations at a global level. Knowledge of these probable relationships between seasonality and the properties of metallic nanostructures will help researchers to modulate the optimum conditions using these particles in various fields of nanotechnology, providing more consistent information on this subject.

We invite fellow researchers to contribute to Pharmaceuticals by submitting review articles or original research aligned with our topic, demonstrating recent findings on the proposed subject. The collection of manuscripts will be published as a Special Issue.

Dr. Alan Kelbis Oliveira Lima
Dr. Paulo Sérgio Taube
Prof. Dr. Gerson Nakazato
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • nanobiotechnology
  • metal nanoparticles
  • green chemistry
  • biodiversity
  • seasonality

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25 pages, 3428 KB  
Article
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Paullinia cupana Kunth Leaf: Effect of Seasonality and Preparation Method of Aqueous Extracts
by Alan Kelbis Oliveira Lima, Tainá Pereira da Silva Oliveira, Isadora Florêncio, Alberto Gomes Tavares Junior, Victor Hugo Sousa Araújo, Arthur Abinader Vasconcelos, Marlus Chorilli, Hugo de Campos Braga, Dayane Batista Tada, Gerson Nakazato, Sônia Nair Báo, Paulo Sérgio Taube, José Antônio de Aquino Ribeiro, Clenilson Martins Rodrigues and Mônica Pereira Garcia
Pharmaceuticals 2026, 19(1), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph19010072 - 30 Dec 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is a promising alternative method, driven by the presence of metabolites in plant matrices capable of acting as reducing and stabilizing agents. Seasonality is a key factor that influences the phytochemical composition of plants [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is a promising alternative method, driven by the presence of metabolites in plant matrices capable of acting as reducing and stabilizing agents. Seasonality is a key factor that influences the phytochemical composition of plants and can directly impact the yield, physicochemical characteristics, stability, and bioactivities of the obtained AgNPs. This study aimed to synthesize AgNPs using aqueous extracts from Paullinia cupana leaves collected during dry and rainy seasons, prepared by two different methods (agitation or infusion), to evaluate the impact of these variables on the biosynthesis and properties of the nanostructures. Methods: The extracts were characterized by UHPLC-HRMS/MS, and their total phenolic compound (TPC) content and antioxidant potential against DPPH and ABTS radicals were determined. The AgNPs were characterized by UV/Vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZP), nano-particle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results: The metabolic profile results showed a predominance of alkaloids and flavonoids in all extracts, with greater phytochemical diversity in samples prepared by infusion. TPC indicated superior phenolic extraction in extracts prepared by infusion during the rainy season, correlating with greater antioxidant potential via the elimination of free radicals. The evolution of AgNP synthesis was accompanied by a gradual change in the color of the suspensions and the formation of plasmon bands between 410 and 430 nm, characteristic of spherical AgNPs. The nanostructures presented hydrodynamic diameters between 37.49 and 145.5 nm, PdI between 0.222 and 0.755, and Zeta potential between −11.3 and −39.9 mV, suggesting satisfactory colloidal stability. Morphological analyses revealed predominantly spherical particles with average diameters ranging from 33.61 to 48.86 nm and uniform distribution, while EDX spectra confirmed the presence of silver. Conclusions: Thus, our results demonstrate that both seasonality and the method of extract preparation influence the phytochemical composition and, consequently, the morphology, stability, and optical properties of AgNPs, with subtle emphasis on collections made during the rainy season and extracts prepared by infusion. Such knowledge contributes to the advancement of more reproducible and purpose-oriented syntheses in the field of green nanotechnology, enabling applications in various sectors. Full article
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