Advances in Drug Treatments on Immunomodulatory and Neuroprotective Targets in Multiple Sclerosis

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2023) | Viewed by 3209

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de las Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
Interests: multiple sclerosis; neurodegenerative diseases; neuromodulation; gene expression; immunomodulation
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Guest Editor
Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
Interests: neuro-endocrine-immune interactions in stress; major depression; fibromyalgia; schizophrenia; infection diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease mainly affecting the Central Nervous System (CNS). Advances in comprehending this pathology involve understanding the complex interactions between the different systems, not only nervous and immune (IS) but also the endocrine and metabolic, as well as with the various tissues and organs involved, as well as considering their response to treatments. The response to the different MS treatments is also very heterogeneous, and therefore it is difficult to predict the course of the disease. There is currently no cure for MS, and treatment is mainly based on Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMT) that act on the IS to decrease the relapse rate and the progression of brain lesions, thus limiting neurological deterioration. Finding therapies that work on immunomodulatory and/or neuroprotective targets is an exciting and expanding field of study. Furthermore, identifying subgroups of patients with MS is crucial to understanding the disease's evolution and the response to treatment since subgroups of patients share some characteristics that define variations in the drug effect, diversity of molecular targets, and differences in response to treatment. For these reasons, it is essential to understand the molecular processes further causing MS heterogeneity and varying therapeutic responses, concentrating on immunomodulatory and neuroprotective targets, to advance clinical treatments and better understand the illness.

Dr. Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
Dr. Lenin Pavon
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • multiple sclerosis
  • IFN-beta
  • glatiramer acetate
  • natalizumab
  • ocrelizumab
  • mitoxantrone
  • alemtuzumab
  • siponimod
  • immunomodulatory
  • neuroprotective

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 3201 KiB  
Article
Probiotic-Fermented Camel Milk Attenuates Neurodegenerative Symptoms via SOX5/miR-218 Axis Orchestration in Mouse Models
by Ashraf Khalifa, Hairul Islam Mohamed Ibrahim, Abdullah Sheikh and Hany Ezzat Khalil
Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(3), 357; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16030357 - 25 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2624
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune-mediated myelin damage disorder in the central nervous system that is widespread among neurological patients. It has been demonstrated that several genetic and epigenetic factors control autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS, through CD4+ T-cell population quantity. [...] Read more.
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune-mediated myelin damage disorder in the central nervous system that is widespread among neurological patients. It has been demonstrated that several genetic and epigenetic factors control autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS, through CD4+ T-cell population quantity. Alterations in the gut microbiota influence neuroprotectiveness via unexplored mechanisms. In this study, the ameliorative effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermented in camel milk (BEY) on an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative model using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein/complete fraud adjuvant/pertussis toxin (MCP)-immunized C57BL6j mice is investigated. Anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed in the in vitro cell model, and inflammatory cytokines interleukins IL17 (from EAE 311 to BEY 227 pg/mL), IL6 (from EAE 103 to BEY 65 pg/mL), IFNγ (from EAE 423 to BEY 243 pg/mL) and TGFβ (from EAE 74 to BEY 133 pg/mL) were significantly reduced in BEY-treated mice. The epigenetic factor miR-218-5P was identified and confirmed its mRNA target SOX-5 using in silico tools and expression techniques, suggesting SOX5/miR-218-5p could serve as an exclusive diagnostic marker for MS. Furthermore, BEY improved the short-chain fatty acids, in particular butyrate (from 0.57 to 0.85 µM) and caproic (from 0.64 to 1.33 µM) acids, in the MCP mouse group. BEY treatment significantly regulated the expression of inflammatory transcripts in EAE mice and upregulated neuroprotective markers such as neurexin (from 0.65- to 1.22-fold) (p < 0.05), vascular endothelial adhesion molecules (from 0.41- to 0.76-fold) and myelin-binding protein (from 0.46- to 0.89-fold) (p < 0.03). These findings suggest that BEY could be a promising clinical approach for the curative treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and could promote the use of probiotic food as medicine. Full article
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