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Photonics
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Phototheranostics: Science and Applications
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Phototheranostics: Science and Applications

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Biophotonics and Biomedical Optics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 5733

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Victor Loschenov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
2. Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPHI, 115409 Moscow, Russia
Interests: laser spectroscopy in medicine; photodynamic therapy; fluorescence diagnostics; laser biospectroscopy; nanostructures for biomedicine; fluorescence imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is dedicated to scientific developments in photodynamic therapy and the photodiagnostics of oncological and non-oncological diseases. Original articles, reviews, and individual clinical cases are invited, particularly those which reveal the mechanisms of interaction between light radiation and biological tissues containing photosensitizers. Studies that investigate the immunological aspects of PDT are especially welcome.

Prof. Dr. Victor Loschenov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • photodynamic therapy
  • photoimmunotherapy
  • photodiagnostics
  • theranostics
  • photosensitizer
  • cancer
  • fluorescence diagnosis
  • biomedical imaging

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3418 KiB  
Article
Photodynamic Therapy under Diagnostic Control of Wounds with Antibiotic-Resistant Microflora
by Artem Shiryaev, Mikhail Ivankov, Arina Voitova, Nina Kalyagina, Kanamat Efendiev, Tatiana Pisareva, Sergey Zavodnov, Igor Reshetov and Victor Loschenov
Photonics 2024, 11(7), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070594 - 26 Jun 2024
Viewed by 834
Abstract
Background: Difficulties in the treatment of purulent wounds are caused by bacterial biofilms, which results in decontamination limitations. Infected wounds are not sufficiently susceptible to existing antibiotics, necessitating the search for alternative approaches to reduce the concentration of pathogenic microflora. Methods: This study [...] Read more.
Background: Difficulties in the treatment of purulent wounds are caused by bacterial biofilms, which results in decontamination limitations. Infected wounds are not sufficiently susceptible to existing antibiotics, necessitating the search for alternative approaches to reduce the concentration of pathogenic microflora. Methods: This study describes an approach to the effective treatment of wounds by photodynamic inactivation or therapy (PDI/PDT) of antibiotic-resistant microflora under fluorescence control. For this purpose, laser and LED light (660–680 nm) and different groups of photosensitizers (PS) (1% solutions of methylene blue, aluminum phthalocyanine, chlorine e6 and nanocomposites containing these groups of PS) were used. The study included 90 patients with various wounds. Some patients were subjected to fluorescence diagnosis by laser spectral analysis before the PDT. Results: Positive results were achieved in 76 patients (84%, p < 0.05). After the first PDT session, a decrease in the concentration of microflora was noticeable. By the third and seventh days, a significant to complete inactivation of bacteria was obtained. In all patients who were photo-diagnosed before PDT, a significant PS concentration decrease of more than 75% after PDT was obtained. Conclusion: PDT is an effective method for the inactivation of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, including in long non-healing wounds, contributing also to early tissue regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phototheranostics: Science and Applications)
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12 pages, 3781 KiB  
Article
Validation of a White Light and Fluorescence Augmented Panoramic Endoscopic Imaging System on a Bimodal Bladder Wall Experimental Model
by Arkadii Moskalev, Nina Kalyagina, Elizaveta Kozlikina, Daniil Kustov, Maxim Loshchenov, Marine Amouroux, Christian Daul and Walter Blondel
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060514 - 28 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 540
Abstract
Background: Fluorescence visualization of pathologies, primarily neoplasms in human internal cavities, is one of the most popular forms of diagnostics during endoscopic examination in medical practice. Currently, visualization can be performed in the augmented reality mode, which allows to observe areas of increased [...] Read more.
Background: Fluorescence visualization of pathologies, primarily neoplasms in human internal cavities, is one of the most popular forms of diagnostics during endoscopic examination in medical practice. Currently, visualization can be performed in the augmented reality mode, which allows to observe areas of increased fluorescence directly on top of a usual color image. Another no less informative form of endoscopic visualization in the future can be mapping (creating a mosaic) of the acquired image sequence into a single map covering the area under study. The originality of the present contribution lies in the development of a new 3D bimodal experimental bladder model and its validation as an appropriate phantom for testing the combination of bimodal cystoscopy and image mosaicking. Methods: An original 3D real bladder-based phantom (physical model) including cancer-like fluorescent foci was developed and used to validate the combination of (i) a simultaneous white light and fluorescence cystoscopy imager with augmented reality mode and (ii) an image mosaicking algorithm superimposing both information. Results: Simultaneous registration and real-time visualization of a color image as a reference and a black-and-white fluorescence image with an overlay of the two images was made possible. The panoramic image build allowed to precisely visualize the relative location of the five fluorescent foci along the trajectory of the endoscope tip. Conclusions: The method has broad prospects and opportunities for further developments in bimodal endoscopy instrumentation and automatic image mosaicking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phototheranostics: Science and Applications)
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14 pages, 26702 KiB  
Article
Polycationic Photosensitizers as Effective Anticancer Agents That Destroy Cancer Stem Cells, Cancer Vascularization and Induce Protective Desmoplastic Reaction around Lung Cancers
by Evgeniya Kogan, Gennady Meerovich, Saida Karshieva, Elena Makarova, Igor Romanishkin, Ekaterina Akhlyustina, Irina Meerovich, Nikolay Zharkov, Sergey Kharnas, Vladimir Levkin, Sofya Demura, Zhilong Chen, Victor Loschenov and Igor Reshetov
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060485 - 21 May 2024
Viewed by 511
Abstract
PDT using PSs based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin against Lewis lung carcinoma provides effective inhibition of tumor growth with an increase in the lifespan and survival of mice in the group. PDT with polycationic photosensitizers destroys CSCs and tumor neovascularization, and [...] Read more.
PDT using PSs based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin against Lewis lung carcinoma provides effective inhibition of tumor growth with an increase in the lifespan and survival of mice in the group. PDT with polycationic photosensitizers destroys CSCs and tumor neovascularization, and activates the desmoplastic reaction. These results open up new opportunities for increasing the effectiveness of treatment and reducing the incidence of relapses and metastases after PDT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phototheranostics: Science and Applications)
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15 pages, 3453 KiB  
Article
Effect of Photodynamic Therapy with the Photosensitizer Methylene Blue on Cerebral Endotheliocytes In Vitro
by Vladimir I. Makarov, Alexey S. Skobeltsin, Anton S. Averchuk, Arseniy K. Berdnikov, Milana V. Chinenkova, Alla B. Salmina and Victor B. Loschenov
Photonics 2024, 11(4), 316; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11040316 - 28 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1051
Abstract
Background: Microvessels in tumor tissue play a crucial role in meeting the metabolic needs of transformed cells, controlling the entry of xenobiotics into tumor tissue, and regulating local inflammation that promotes metastasis. Methylene blue has photosensitizing properties and can also affect dysfunctional mitochondria. [...] Read more.
Background: Microvessels in tumor tissue play a crucial role in meeting the metabolic needs of transformed cells, controlling the entry of xenobiotics into tumor tissue, and regulating local inflammation that promotes metastasis. Methylene blue has photosensitizing properties and can also affect dysfunctional mitochondria. Methods: The study was performed on the primary culture of CECs. The cells underwent photodynamic treatment through 660 nm laser irradiation at a power density of 300 mW/cm2. The MTT, TMRE, and TUNEL assays were used to assess the survival, redox metabolism, mitochondrial activity, and apoptosis of CECs. Additionally, the metabolic activity of cells was evaluated using FLIM by measuring the fluorescence lifetime of NADH and FAD. Results: When CECs were incubated with MB, there was an increase in mitochondrial activity that was dependent on the concentration of MB. Additionally, mitochondrial activity increased when the CECs were exposed to 660 nm laser irradiation at an energy dose of up to 5 J/cm2. Following PDT, a slight shift towards oxidative phosphorylation was observed. Conclusions: In vitro application of MB accumulation or laser irradiation causes a shift in the redox status of CECs towards increased reducing activity, without causing any cell damage. However, the combined action of PS and laser radiation has the opposite effect on the redox status of cells, resulting in an increase in the oxidized form of FAD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phototheranostics: Science and Applications)
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15 pages, 2284 KiB  
Article
Bypassing the Heat Risk and Efficacy Limitations of Pulsed 630 nm LED Photobiomodulation Therapy for Anti-Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Prospective Randomized Cross-Over Trial
by Qiqi Fu, Hui Jiang, Jiali Yang, Yafei Li, He Fei, Jianlong Huang, Yinghua Li and Muqing Liu
Photonics 2024, 11(2), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11020136 - 31 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1064
Abstract
In recent years, photobiomodulation (PBM) has attracted widespread attention for the treatment of various causes of pain and inflammation. Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common gynecological condition characterized by severe menstrual pain, and the limited effectiveness and side effects of conventional treatments have [...] Read more.
In recent years, photobiomodulation (PBM) has attracted widespread attention for the treatment of various causes of pain and inflammation. Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common gynecological condition characterized by severe menstrual pain, and the limited effectiveness and side effects of conventional treatments have highlighted the urgent need to develop and identify new adjunct therapeutic strategies. The present study from the perspective of light morphology aimed to bypass the heat risk limitation and evaluate the efficacy and safety of pulsed 630 nm PBM therapy for reducing pain associated with PD. The pulse light parameters were designed according to the transmittance of red light. In this randomized, cross-over design, sham-controlled study, 46 women with PD were included and randomly assigned to either pulsed 630 nm light therapy or white light sham control therapy. The intervention lasted for 20 min per day and was administered for 7 consecutive days before and during menstruation. The results showed that the pulsed 630 nm PBM treatment demonstrated a significant reduction in pain levels compared to the placebo treatment (p < 0.001), with 55.00% of active treatment participants experiencing a pain intensity differential concentration exceeding 50.00%. Moreover, participants reported an improved quality of life during the active treatment phase and generally preferred it as a more effective method for relieving PD. No adverse events or side effects were reported throughout the trial. Based on the results, pulsed 630 nm LED therapy showed significant relief of menstrual pain compared to white light placebo treatment and improved quality of life under certain circumstances. Therefore, this study proposes that pulsed red light PBM therapy may be a promising approach for future clinical treatment of PD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phototheranostics: Science and Applications)
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20 pages, 7997 KiB  
Article
NaGdF4:Yb, Er, Tm Upconversion Nanoparticles for Bioimaging in Shortwave-Infrared Range: Study of Energy Transfer Processes and Composition Optimization
by Daria Pominova, Vera Proydakova, Igor Romanishkin, Sergei Kuznetsov, Kirill Linkov, Nataliya Tabachkova and Anastasia Ryabova
Photonics 2024, 11(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010038 - 30 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1203
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles are promising for many applications. For triple-doped nanoparticles (NPs), the luminescence intensity shows a non-linear dependence on the rare-earth ion concentration, making it difficult to obtain bright phosphors with high energy output. We investigated the energy transfer processes in β-NaGdF4 [...] Read more.
Upconversion nanoparticles are promising for many applications. For triple-doped nanoparticles (NPs), the luminescence intensity shows a non-linear dependence on the rare-earth ion concentration, making it difficult to obtain bright phosphors with high energy output. We investigated the energy transfer processes in β-NaGdF4:Yb-Er-Tm NPs and considered strategies for increasing the thulium luminescence intensity, in particular, the use of core–shell structures. The luminescence spectra were analyzed in the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) and visible (VIS) regions. The Er3+ and Tm3+ luminescence lifetimes in the VIS region were measured to study the energy transfer processes between the active ions. The quenching of the Tm3+ luminescence in the SWIR region was observed. However, both Er3+ and Tm3+ luminescence bands were observed in the VIS range. We attribute these effects to energy transfer between Tm3+ 3F4 → 3H6 and Er3+ 4I13/2 → 4I9/2, which occurs due to overlap of Er3+ and Tm3+ luminescence bands, and also to competition between Er3+ and Tm3+ for energy transfer from Yb3+. For core–shell NPs, when Tm3+ and Er3+ are separated into adjacent layers, quenching cannot be avoided, likely due to the mutual diffusion of ions during shell synthesis. The most optimal strategy to obtain luminescence in the SWIR range is to use an inert intermediate shell between the layers containing Tm3+ and Er3+. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phototheranostics: Science and Applications)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Far-ultraviolet light at 222 nm affects membrane integrity in monolayered DLD1 colon cancer cells
Author: Nishikawa
Highlights: We showed that F-UV light induces cell death in monolayered cells and that membrane damage is greater than DNA damage as a target of F-UV light action.

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