Advanced Polymeric Materials for Anti-fouling Applications

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 July 2022) | Viewed by 18650

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan
Interests: catechol chemistry; antibacterial materials; surface modification

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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
Interests: zwitterionic materials; anti-biofouling surface design; biosensors

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Co-Guest Editor
Food Technology Department, Bina Nusantara University, South Tangerang, Indonesia
Interests: membrane science; chemical engineering; food technology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polymeric materials with large molecule chains possess special properties and have broad applications. Numerous polymeric materials have been developed to allow the control of the functionality and physical properties of these materials. There is great significance to the continued development of functional polymers and the creation of polymeric materials that meet evolving global challenges and needs. In this Special Issue, we welcome submissions on functional polymeric materials with specific applications, which are based on surface coating, polymer surface modifications, polymer hybrid composites, or mimicking the surface topography of natural surfaces. Special attention will be paid to antifouling applications to eliminate or substantially reduce the extent of biological molecule attachment on the materials. Besides, the novel design and application of antifouling materials will be considered, such as anti-algae, anti-bacteria, anti-tissue adhesion, anti-blood coagulation, and oil repellent design, etc.

Dr. Hsiu-Wen Chien
Dr. Ying-Nien Chou
Dr. Dave Mangindaan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 3958 KiB  
Article
Mussel-Inspired Adhesive and Self-Healing Hydrogel as an Injectable Wound Dressing
by Kai-Yi Chang, Ying-Nien Chou, Wei-Yu Chen, Chuh-Yean Chen and Hong-Ru Lin
Polymers 2022, 14(16), 3346; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14163346 - 17 Aug 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2400
Abstract
This study develops a multi-functional hydrogel with a dual injection system based on the adhesive and self-healing properties of the byssus excretion found in mussels. Through precisely controlling the composite cross-linking hydrophobic association (HA) structure composed of A and B solutions, a high-strength, [...] Read more.
This study develops a multi-functional hydrogel with a dual injection system based on the adhesive and self-healing properties of the byssus excretion found in mussels. Through precisely controlling the composite cross-linking hydrophobic association (HA) structure composed of A and B solutions, a high-strength, temperature-sensitive injectable hydrogel can be obtained, and it has good self-healing properties. The main composition of A solution contains the surfactant SDS, which can form amphiphilic micelles, the strength increasing component stearyl methacrylate (C18), and NIPAAm, which provides thermo-sensitivity. Solution B contains dopamine acrylate (DAA), which has self-healing properties, and ferric chloride (FeCl3), which is a connecting agent. The rheological behavior shows that when the temperature is increased from 25 °C to 32 °C, the gel can be completed in seven minutes to form a composite hydrogel of NIPAAm-DAA-HA. When NMR identification was conducted on composite DAA, it was found that when comparing DAA and dopamine hydrochloride there were new peaks with specific characteristics, which confirm that this study successfully prepared DAA; swelling tests found that swelling could surpass a rate of 100%, and a higher ratio of crosslinking agent decreased the amount of moisture absorbed; the results of the compression test showed that the addition of hydrophobic micelles C18 effectively enhanced the mechanical properties of hydrogel, allowing it to withstand increased external stress; the adhesiveness results show that an increase in the catechol-Fe3+ concentration of the NIPAAm-DAA-HA hydrogel results in an increased adhesiveness of 0.0081 kg/cm2 on pig skin; the self-healing tests show that after taking damage, NIPAAm-DAA-HA hydrogel can be reactivated with catechol-Fe3+ and self-heal at a rate of up to 70% after 24 h; antibacterial tests show that hydrogel has good bacterial resistance to against E. coli, staphylococcus epidermidis, and bacillus cereus; through in vitro transdermal absorption, it can be seen that the release ability of drugs within the hydrogel can reach up to 8.87 μg/cm2. The NIPAAm-DAA-HA hydrogel prepared by this study performed excellently in both adhesion and self-healing tests. The thermo-sensitive and antibacterial properties can be applied to the treatment of deep wounds and address some of the flaws of traditional wound dressings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Anti-fouling Applications)
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10 pages, 3769 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Low-Fouling Surfaces on Alkyne-Functionalized Poly-(p-xylylenes) Using Click Chemistry
by Pei-Ju Chen, Hsien-Yeh Chen and Wei-Bor Tsai
Polymers 2022, 14(2), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14020225 - 6 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1627
Abstract
A facial, versatile, and universal method that breaks the substrate limits is desirable for antifouling treatment. Thin films of functional poly-p-xylylenes (PPX) that are deposited using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) provide a powerful platform for surface immobilization of molecules. In this study, we [...] Read more.
A facial, versatile, and universal method that breaks the substrate limits is desirable for antifouling treatment. Thin films of functional poly-p-xylylenes (PPX) that are deposited using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) provide a powerful platform for surface immobilization of molecules. In this study, we prepared an alkyne-functionalized PPX coating on which poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate-co-Az) could be conjugated via click chemistry. We found that the conjugated polymers were very stable and inhibited cell adhesion and protein adsorption effectively. The same conjugation strategy could also be applied to conjugate azide-containing poly (ethylene glycol) and poly (NIPAAm). The results indicate that our method provides a simple and robust tool for fabricating antifouling surfaces on a wide range of substrates using CVD technology of functionalized poly (p-xylylenes) for biosensor, diagnostics, immunoassay, and other biomaterial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Anti-fouling Applications)
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17 pages, 4008 KiB  
Article
Fouling Release Coatings Based on Acrylate–MQ Silicone Copolymers Incorporated with Non-Reactive Phenylmethylsilicone Oil
by Hongwei Zhou, Yiming Zheng, Mengyu Li, Miao Ba and Yufeng Wang
Polymers 2021, 13(18), 3156; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13183156 (registering DOI) - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2150
Abstract
Copolymers containing MQ silicone and acrylate were synthesized by controlling the additive amount of compositions. Subsequently, fouling release coatings based on the copolymer with the incorporation of non-reactive phenylmethylsilicone oil were prepared. The surface properties of the coating (CAMQ40) were consistent [...] Read more.
Copolymers containing MQ silicone and acrylate were synthesized by controlling the additive amount of compositions. Subsequently, fouling release coatings based on the copolymer with the incorporation of non-reactive phenylmethylsilicone oil were prepared. The surface properties of the coating (CAMQ40) were consistent with that of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer, which ensured good hydrophobicity. Moreover, the seawater volume swelling rate of all prepared coatings was less than 5%, especially for CAMQ40 with only 1.37%. Copolymers enhanced the mechanical properties of the coatings, while the enhancement was proportional to the molar content of structural units from acrylate in the copolymer. More importantly, the adhesion performance between the prepared coatings and substrates indicated that pull-off strength values were more than 1.6 MPa, meaning a high adhesion strength. The phenylmethylsilicone oil leaching observation determined that the oil leaching efficiency increased with the increase in the structural unit’s molar content from MQ silicone in the copolymer, which was mainly owing to the decrease in compatibility between oil and the cured coating, as well as the decrease in mechanical properties. High oil leaching efficiency could make up for the decrease in the biofouling removal rate due to the enhancement of the elastic modulus. For CAMQ40, it had an excellent antifouling performance at 30 days of exposure time with more than 92% of biofouling removal rate, which was confirmed by biofilm adhesion assay. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Anti-fouling Applications)
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13 pages, 5565 KiB  
Article
The Compatibility of Three Silicone Oils with Polydimethylsiloxane and the Microstructure and Properties of Their Composite Coatings
by Yuguo Jiang, Zhanping Zhang and Yuhong Qi
Polymers 2021, 13(14), 2355; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13142355 - 18 Jul 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3298
Abstract
The compatibility of three types of silicone oil with polydimethylsiloxane, the phase separation of their mixture and the microstructure and properties of their composite coatings were investigated. The existing form of silicone oil in the coating and the precipitation behavior were also studied. [...] Read more.
The compatibility of three types of silicone oil with polydimethylsiloxane, the phase separation of their mixture and the microstructure and properties of their composite coatings were investigated. The existing form of silicone oil in the coating and the precipitation behavior were also studied. The compatibility observed experimentally of the three silicone oils with PDMS is consistent with the results of the thermodynamic calculation. The silicone oil droplet produced by phase separation in the mixture solution can keep its shape in the cured coating, also affecting the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coating. It was found that methyl silicone oil and methyl fluoro silicone oil do not precipitate on the surface, and they have no effect on the surface properties of the coating. In contrast, phenyl silicone oil has obvious effect on the surface, which makes the water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of the coating decrease significantly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Anti-fouling Applications)
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18 pages, 6123 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Properties of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Segmented Polyurethane Antifouling Coatings after Immersion in Seawater
by Kejiao Li, Yuhong Qi, Yingju Zhou, Xiaoyu Sun and Zhanping Zhang
Polymers 2021, 13(4), 573; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13040573 - 14 Feb 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3276
Abstract
Polyurethane has a microphase separation structure, while polyethylene glycol (PEG) can form a hydrated layer to resist protein adsorption. In this paper, PEG was introduced to polyurethane to improve the antifouling properties of the polyurethane, providing a new method and idea for the [...] Read more.
Polyurethane has a microphase separation structure, while polyethylene glycol (PEG) can form a hydrated layer to resist protein adsorption. In this paper, PEG was introduced to polyurethane to improve the antifouling properties of the polyurethane, providing a new method and idea for the preparation of new antifouling polyurethane materials. The mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, swelling degree, microphase separation and antifouling performance of the coatings were evaluated. The response characteristics of the polyurethane coatings in a seawater environment were studied, and the performance changes of coatings in seawater were tested. The results showed that the crystallized PEG soft segments increased, promoting microphase separation. The stress at 100% and the elasticity modulus of the polyurethane material also markedly increased, in addition to increases in the swelling degree in seawater, the water contact angle decreased. A total of 25% of PEG incorporated into a soft segment can markedly improve the antibacterial properties of the coatings, but adding more PEG has little significant effect. After immersion in seawater, the coatings became softer and more elastic. This is because water molecules formed hydrogen bonding with the amino NH, which resulted in a weakening effect being exerted on the carbonyl C=O hydrogen bonding and ether oxygen group crystallization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Anti-fouling Applications)
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14 pages, 4777 KiB  
Article
Superhydrophilic Coating with Antibacterial and Oil-Repellent Properties via NaIO4-Triggered Polydopamine/Sulfobetaine Methacrylate Polymerization
by Hsiu-Wen Chien, Hong-Yu Lin, Chau-Yi Tsai, Tai-Yu Chen and Wei-Nian Chen
Polymers 2020, 12(9), 2008; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12092008 - 3 Sep 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4455
Abstract
Superhydrophilic coatings have been widely used for the surface modification of membranes or biomedical devices owing to their excellent antifouling properties. However, simplifying the modification processes of such materials remains challenging. In this study, we developed a simple and rapid one-step co-deposition process [...] Read more.
Superhydrophilic coatings have been widely used for the surface modification of membranes or biomedical devices owing to their excellent antifouling properties. However, simplifying the modification processes of such materials remains challenging. In this study, we developed a simple and rapid one-step co-deposition process using an oxidant trigger to fabricate superhydrophilic surfaces based on dopamine chemistry with sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA). We studied the effect of different oxidants and SBMA concentrations on surface modification in detail using UV–VIS spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and surface plasmon resonance. We found that NaIO4 could trigger the rate of polymerization and the optimum ratio of dopamine to SBMA is 1:25 by weight. This makes the surface superhydrophilic (water contact angle < 10°) and antifouling. The superhydrophilic coating, when introduced to polyester membranes, showed great potential for oil/water separation. Our study provides a complete description of the simple and fast preparation of superhydrophilic coatings for surface modification based on mussel-inspired chemistry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Materials for Anti-fouling Applications)
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