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Polymers
Special Issues
Research Progress of Branched Polymers
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Research Progress of Branched Polymers

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2023) | Viewed by 9118

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marianna P. Kutyreva

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Guest Editor
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
Interests: hybrid materials based on branched polymers; coordination chemistry of branched polymers; stabilization of metal ions and nanoparticles in a matrix of branched polymers; self-organization of branched polymers and their metal-containing composite materials
Dr. Arthur A. Khannanov

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Guest Editor
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
Interests: multifunctional materials; self-organization; hyperbranched polymers; metal nanoparticles; physical chemistry; nanocomposites; catalysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Branched macromolecules are a natural component of living matter. The design of polymers with branched and hyperbranched architectures opens up endless possibilities for researchers to create new materials with desired properties for medicine, pharmacy, and industrial technologies. Their large number of functional groups and the possibility for their controlled adjustment are combined with a compact structure and the ability to form supramolecular aggregates, bind/release target substrates and form hybrid nanostructures.

However, there are a number of questions and problems in the field of structural modeling, including achieving a certain molecular weight and dispersion control, creating hybrid and multifunctional materials/molecular devices, and the supramolecular chemistry of branched polymers.

This Special Issue of Polymers aims to report full research papers, communications and review articles based on the latest advances in the synthesis, characterization and application of branched, hyperbranched polymers and their hybrid materials. Areas that will be covered include, but are not limited to:

  • Synthesis (branched, hyperbranched polymers; hybrid materials including metal-containing materials and nanomaterials)
  • Self-organization (branched, hyperbranched polymers and their hybrid structures)
  • Modelling
  • Applications (biologically active systems, theranostics, diagnostics, advanced drugs, drug delivery systems, stimuli-responsive hybrid materials for environmental, food and agricultural safety).

Dr. Marianna P. Kutyreva
Dr. Arthur A. Khannanov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 5144 KiB  
Article
A Hyperbranched Polyol Process for Designing and Manufacturing Nontoxic Cobalt Nanocomposite
by Anastasia Burmatova, Artur Khannanov, Alexander Gerasimov, Klara Ignateva, Elena Khaldeeva, Arina Gorovaia, Airat Kiiamov, Vladimir Evtugyn and Marianna Kutyreva
Polymers 2023, 15(15), 3248; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15153248 - 30 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1202
Abstract
A method for the design and synthesis of a metallopolymer composite (CoNP) based on cobalt nanoparticles using the hyperbranched polyol process was developed. It was shown that hyperbranched polyester polyols in a melted state can be both a reducing agent and a stabilizer [...] Read more.
A method for the design and synthesis of a metallopolymer composite (CoNP) based on cobalt nanoparticles using the hyperbranched polyol process was developed. It was shown that hyperbranched polyester polyols in a melted state can be both a reducing agent and a stabilizer of metal nanoparticles at the same time. The mechanism of oxidation of hyperbranched polyol was studied using diffuse reflectance IR spectroscopy. The process of oxidation of OH groups in G4-OH started from 90 °C and finished with the oxidation of aldehyde groups. The composition and properties of nanomaterials were determined with FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), NMR relaxation, and in vitro biological tests. The cobalt-containing nanocomposite (CoNP) had a high colloidal stability and contained spheroid polymer aggregates with a diameter of 35–50 nm with immobilized cobalt nanoparticles of 5–7 nm. The values of R2 and R1 according to the NMR relaxation method for CoNPs were 6.77 mM·ms−1 × 10−5 and 4.14 mM·ms−1 × 10−5 for, respectively. The ratio R2/R1 = 0.61 defines the cobalt-containing nanocomposite as a T1 contrast agent. The synthesized CoNPs were nonhemotoxic (HC50 > 8 g/mL) multifunctional reagents and exhibited the properties of synthetic modulators of the enzymatic activity of chymosin aspartic proteinase and exhibited antimycotic activity against Aspergillus fumigatus. The results of the study show the unique prospects of the developed two-component method of the hyperbranched polyol process for the creation of colloidal multifunctional metal–polymer nanocomposites for theranostics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Branched Polymers)
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14 pages, 4775 KiB  
Article
Dendrimer-Based Coatings on a Photonic Crystal Surface for Ultra-Sensitive Small Molecule Detection
by Ruslan Shakurov, Svetlana Sizova, Stepan Dudik, Anna Serkina, Mark Bazhutov, Viktorija Stanaityte, Petr Tulyagin, Valery Konopsky, Elena Alieva, Sergey Sekatskii, Julia Bespyatykh and Dmitry Basmanov
Polymers 2023, 15(12), 2607; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15122607 - 8 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1620
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate dendrimer-based coatings for a sensitive biochip surface that enhance the high-performance sorption of small molecules (i.e., biomolecules with low molecular weights) and the sensitivity of a label-free, real-time photonic crystal surface mode (PC SM) biosensor. Biomolecule sorption is detected [...] Read more.
We propose and demonstrate dendrimer-based coatings for a sensitive biochip surface that enhance the high-performance sorption of small molecules (i.e., biomolecules with low molecular weights) and the sensitivity of a label-free, real-time photonic crystal surface mode (PC SM) biosensor. Biomolecule sorption is detected by measuring changes in the parameters of optical modes on the surface of a photonic crystal (PC). We describe the step-by-step biochip fabrication process. Using oligonucleotides as small molecules and PC SM visualization in a microfluidic mode, we show that the PAMAM (poly-amidoamine)-modified chip’s sorption efficiency is almost 14 times higher than that of the planar aminosilane layer and 5 times higher than the 3D epoxy-dextran matrix. The results obtained demonstrate a promising direction for further development of the dendrimer-based PC SM sensor method as an advanced label-free microfluidic tool for detecting biomolecule interactions. Current label-free methods for small biomolecule detection, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), have a detection limit down to pM. In this work, we achieved for a PC SM biosensor a Limit of Quantitation of up to 70 fM, which is comparable with the best label-using methods without their inherent disadvantages, such as changes in molecular activity caused by labeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Branched Polymers)
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14 pages, 6466 KiB  
Article
Star-Shaped Thermoplastic Elastomers Prepared via RAFT Polymerization
by Hao Ge, Wencheng Shi, Chen He, Anchao Feng and San H. Thang
Polymers 2023, 15(9), 2002; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15092002 - 23 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2181
Abstract
Styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) demonstrate excellent overall performance and account for the largest industrial output. The traditional methods of preparation styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers mainly focused on anionic polymerization, and strict equipment conditions were required. In recent years, controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) has developed [...] Read more.
Styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) demonstrate excellent overall performance and account for the largest industrial output. The traditional methods of preparation styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers mainly focused on anionic polymerization, and strict equipment conditions were required. In recent years, controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) has developed rapidly, enabling the synthesis of polymers with various complex topologies while controlling their molecular weight. Herein, a series of core crosslinked star-shaped poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene)s (SISs) was synthesized for the first time via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Meanwhile, linear triblock SISs with a similar molecular weight were synthesized as a control. We achieved not only the controlled/living radical polymerization of isoprene but also investigated the factors influencing the star-forming process. By testing the mechanical and thermal properties and characterizing the microscopic fractional phase structure, we found that both the linear and star-shaped SISs possessed good tensile properties and a certain phase separation structure, demonstrating the characteristics of thermoplastic elastomers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Branched Polymers)
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12 pages, 1807 KiB  
Article
Hyperbranched Polyester Polyfumaratomaleate Doped with Gd(III) and Dy(III) Ions: Synthesis, Structure and Properties
by Aleksei Maksimov, Alina Vagapova, Marianna Kutyreva and Gennadii Kutyrev
Polymers 2022, 14(23), 5298; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14235298 - 4 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1392
Abstract
For the first time, metal–polymer complexes have been synthesized using hyperbranched polyester polyfumaratomaleate as a matrix, the structure of which has been established by 1H NMR, IR, electron spectroscopy, and elemental analysis methods. The formation of complexes with Gd(III) and Dy(III) ions [...] Read more.
For the first time, metal–polymer complexes have been synthesized using hyperbranched polyester polyfumaratomaleate as a matrix, the structure of which has been established by 1H NMR, IR, electron spectroscopy, and elemental analysis methods. The formation of complexes with Gd(III) and Dy(III) ions involving fumarate and maleate groups of the polyester was proved by IR and electron spectroscopy methods. It was established that the structure of the coordination units has the form of a square antiprism. The compositions and conditional logarithms of the stability constants of the complexes were determined. It was established that complexation with lanthanide ions promotes emission enhancement in the ligand. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Branched Polymers)
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14 pages, 3243 KiB  
Article
One-Pot Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polyurethane-Triazoles with Controlled Structural, Molecular Weight and Hydrodynamic Characteristics
by Sergei V. Karpov, Artem Iakunkov, Alexander V. Akkuratov, Artem O. Petrov, Eugenia O. Perepelitsina, Georgiy V. Malkov and Elmira R. Badamshina
Polymers 2022, 14(21), 4514; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14214514 - 25 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1545
Abstract
We report a simple and convenient approach to the one-pot synthesis of hyperbranched polyurethane-triazoles with desirable properties. This method is based on in situ generation of an AB2 + A2 + B4 azide-acetylene monomer mixture of known composition, due to [...] Read more.
We report a simple and convenient approach to the one-pot synthesis of hyperbranched polyurethane-triazoles with desirable properties. This method is based on in situ generation of an AB2 + A2 + B4 azide-acetylene monomer mixture of known composition, due to quantitative reactions of urethane formation between isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 1,3-diazidopropanol-2 (DAPOL) (in the first stage) and propargyl alcohol (in the second stage). The obtained monomer mixture can be involved in step-growth polymerization by azide-alkyne cycloaddition without additional purification (in the third stage). The properties of the resulting polymers should depend on the composition of the monomer mixture. Therefore, first the model revealing the correlation between the monomer composition and the ratio and reactivity of the IPDI and DAPOL active groups is developed and proven. In addition, the newly developed structural kinetic model considering the substitution effect at polyaddition of the complex mixture of monomers allows the prediction of the degree of branching of the target polymer. Based on our calculations, the hyperbranched polyurethane-triazoles were synthesized under found conditions. All products were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, SEC, DLS, DSC, TGA and viscometry methods. It was shown that the degree of branching, molecular weight, intrinsic viscosity, and hydrodynamic radius of the final hyperbranched polymers can be specified at the first stage of one-pot synthesis. The obtained hyperbranched polyurethane-triazoles showed a degree of branching from 0.21 to 0.44 (calculated DB-0.25 and 0.45, respectively). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Branched Polymers)
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