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Processes
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Process Safety and Monitoring of Intelligent and Green Mining Technology
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Process Safety and Monitoring of Intelligent and Green Mining Technology

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 September 2024 | Viewed by 3956

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yang Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: mine rock mechanics; rock mass stability; mine monitoring and early warning
Dr. Guanglei Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
Interests: rock mechanics; numerical simulation; time-dependent deformation; fracturing; thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling; rock burst
Dr. Feiyue Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
School of Mining Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232002, China
Interests: open-pit mine; rock stability; rock mass quality; deep learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The safe mining of mineral resources is crucial in economic development. In recent years, the production situation in mines has been stable, but the occurrence of safety accidents cannot be ignored; thus, it is necessary to strengthen mine safety technology. In addition to protecting resources and avoiding safety incidents, intelligent, green, and safe technological means are being fully applied for resource extraction to ensure the sustainable development of mining enterprises.

This Special Issue on “Process Safety and Monitoring of Intelligent and Green Mining Technology” aims to cover recent advances in the development and application of mining process safety. Topics include, but are not limited to, methods and/or applications in the following areas:

  • Intelligent and green mining technology for underground and open-pit mines;
  • Stability analysis, safety monitoring, and early-warning technology for mine rock masses;
  • Prevention and control of deep ground pressure disasters in mines;
  • Safety technology for mine construction, support, blasting, ventilation, and other processes.

Thank you and I hope you consider participating in this Special Issue.

Sincerely,

Dr. Yang Li
Dr. Guanglei Zhou
Guest Editors

Dr. Feiyue Liu
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mining technology
  • mine safety technology
  • rock mass stability
  • ground pressure disaster
  • mine monitoring and early warning

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 11804 KiB  
Article
The Fracture Evolution Mechanism of Tunnels with Different Cross-Sections under Biaxial Loading
by Lexin Jia, Shili Qiu, Yu Cong and Xiaoshan Wang
Processes 2024, 12(5), 891; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12050891 - 28 Apr 2024
Viewed by 271
Abstract
Biaxial compression tests based on an elliptical tunnel were conducted to study the failure characteristics and the meso-crack evolution mechanism of tunnels with different cross-sections constructed in sandstone. The progressive crack propagation process around the elliptical tunnel was investigated using a real-time digital [...] Read more.
Biaxial compression tests based on an elliptical tunnel were conducted to study the failure characteristics and the meso-crack evolution mechanism of tunnels with different cross-sections constructed in sandstone. The progressive crack propagation process around the elliptical tunnel was investigated using a real-time digital image correlation (DIC) system. Numerical simulations were performed on egg-shaped, U-shaped, and straight-walled arched tunnels based on the mesoscopic parameters of the elliptical tunnel and following the principle of an equal cross-sectional area. The meso-crack evolution and stress conditions of the four types of tunnels were compared. The results show that (1) fractures around an elliptical tunnel were mainly distributed at the end of the long axis and mainly induce slabbing failure, and the failure mode is similar to a V-shaped notch; (2) strain localization is an important characteristic of rock fracturing, which forebodes the initiation, propagation, and coalescence paths of macro-cracks; and (3) the peak loads of tunnels with egg-shaped, U-shaped, and straight-walled arched cross-sections are 98.76%, 97.56%, and 90.57% that of an elliptical cross-section. The elliptical cross-section shows the optimal bearing capacity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Safety and Monitoring of Intelligent and Green Mining Technology)
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17 pages, 9319 KiB  
Article
Critical Failure Characteristics of a Straight-Walled Arched Tunnel Constructed in Sandstone under Biaxial Loading
by Jian Gao, Xiaoshan Wang, Yu Cong, Qiqi Li, Yequan Pan and Xianglin Ding
Processes 2024, 12(4), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12040841 - 22 Apr 2024
Viewed by 405
Abstract
To characterize the failure of rock mass surrounding underground tunnels, biaxial compression tests were conducted on a real sandstone model with a straight-walled arched hole. The acoustic emission (AE) system and digital image correlation (DIC) optical inspection equipment were used to investigate the [...] Read more.
To characterize the failure of rock mass surrounding underground tunnels, biaxial compression tests were conducted on a real sandstone model with a straight-walled arched hole. The acoustic emission (AE) system and digital image correlation (DIC) optical inspection equipment were used to investigate the crack evolution process and failure precursors of the tunnel. A two-dimensional particle flow code (PFC2D) was used to conduct numerical simulations on the sample, so as to investigate the mesoscopic failure mechanism of rock mass. The results show that the failure of the single tunnel constructed in sandstone occurs mainly in the walls on both sides (between the spandrels and arch feet), showing slabbing failure characteristics and a certain abruptness. The crack initiation in sandstone in early stage is not obvious, and the crack propagation in rock mass is rapid when acoustic emissions are enhanced. The small increments in the AE count and amplitude and the continuous reduction in the b-value can be used as precursors for the failure of rock mass. When the height–span ratio is 0.8 and 1.0, the stress distribution around the chamber is more uniform, and when the height–span ratio is greater than 1.0, the stress is mainly concentrated in the vault and arch bottom. In the PFC simulations, tensile fractures firstly initiate in the middle of walls and at the arch feet, arcuate fracture concentration zones are then formed, in which shear fractures appear and a few particles spall from the surfaces. When approaching the ultimate bearing capacity, rock masses on both sides of the tunnel are fractured over large areas, and the slender coalesced fractured zone develops to the deep part of rock mass, causing failure of the sample. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Safety and Monitoring of Intelligent and Green Mining Technology)
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21 pages, 8012 KiB  
Article
A Method for Predicting Ground Pressure in Meihuajing Coal Mine Based on Improved BP Neural Network by Immune Algorithm-Particle Swarm Optimization
by Xingping Lai, Yuhang Tu, Baoxu Yan, Longquan Wu and Xiaoming Liu
Processes 2024, 12(1), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12010147 - 7 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 905
Abstract
Based on the background of dynamic mining pressure monitoring and pressure prediction research on the No. 232205 working face of the Meihuajing coal mine, this study systematically investigates the predictive model of mining pressure manifestation on the working face of the Meihuajing coal [...] Read more.
Based on the background of dynamic mining pressure monitoring and pressure prediction research on the No. 232205 working face of the Meihuajing coal mine, this study systematically investigates the predictive model of mining pressure manifestation on the working face of the Meihuajing coal mine by integrating methods such as engineering investigation, theoretical analysis, and mathematical modeling. A mining pressure manifestation prediction method based on IA-PSO-BP is proposed. The IA-PSO optimization algorithm is applied to optimize the hyperparameters of the BP neural network, and the working face mining pressure prediction model based on IA-PSO-BP is established. The mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) are selected as evaluation indicators to compare the prediction performance of the BP model, PSO-BP model, and IA-PSO-BP model. The experimental results of the model show that the convergence speed of the IA-PSO-BP model is about eight times faster than that of the BP model and two times faster than that of the PSO-BP model. Compared with the BP and PSO-BP models, the IA-PSO-BP model has the smallest MAE and MSE and the largest R2 on the three different data sets of the test set, indicating significantly improved prediction accuracy. The predicted results conform to the periodic variation pattern of mining pressure data and are consistent with the actual situation in the coal mine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Safety and Monitoring of Intelligent and Green Mining Technology)
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13 pages, 5129 KiB  
Article
Microseismic Monitoring of the Fracture Nucleation Mechanism and Early Warning for Cavern Rock Masses
by Jin-Shuai Zhao, Yue-Mao Zhao, Peng-Xiang Li, Chong-Feng Chen, Jian-Cong Zhang and Jiang-Hao Chen
Processes 2023, 11(9), 2800; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11092800 - 20 Sep 2023
Viewed by 883
Abstract
The rock mass is susceptible to instability and damage during cavern construction. The blast-induced cracking process of the rock mass contains a wealth of information about the precursors of instability, and the identification of fracture nucleation signals is a prerequisite for effective hazard [...] Read more.
The rock mass is susceptible to instability and damage during cavern construction. The blast-induced cracking process of the rock mass contains a wealth of information about the precursors of instability, and the identification of fracture nucleation signals is a prerequisite for effective hazard warning. A laboratory mechanical test and microseismic (MS) monitoring were carried out in the Baihetan Cavern to investigate the fracture nucleation process in the rock mass. MS monitoring shows that pre-existing microcracks were closed or new cracks were generated under the action of high stress, which caused the migration of microcracks. As the crack density increases, the fracture interaction gradually increases. The study of the rock fracture nucleation mechanism helps to reveal the MS sequences during the rock fracture process, and the fore-main shock was found in the MS sequence during access tunnel excavation. This study can effectively provide guidance for the early warning of rock mass failure and the stability analysis of underground caverns under blasting excavation disturbance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Safety and Monitoring of Intelligent and Green Mining Technology)
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14 pages, 4150 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation of the Relationship of Failure Mode and Energy Dissipation in Grouted Rockbolt Systems under Pullout Load
by Shuisheng Yu, Yawei Wang, Honghao Yang and Shucan Lu
Processes 2023, 11(9), 2601; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11092601 - 31 Aug 2023
Viewed by 637
Abstract
In underground engineering, the deformation of surrounding rock caused by “three heights and one disturbance” leads to the failure of grouted rockbolt systems, which causes huge economic losses to the mining industry. The research shows that the failure process of grouted rockbolt systems [...] Read more.
In underground engineering, the deformation of surrounding rock caused by “three heights and one disturbance” leads to the failure of grouted rockbolt systems, which causes huge economic losses to the mining industry. The research shows that the failure process of grouted rockbolt systems is the result of energy accumulation and release, but the relationship between failure mode and energy dissipation is rarely studied. Based on this, the load transfer behavior, energy dissipation, failure mode and failure mechanism of the grouted rockbolt systems are investigated from the perspective of energy in this study using the indoor pullout test. Test results show that the load decreases rapidly, and the absorbed energy decreases due to the whole-body splitting crack. The absorbed energy of the specimen in the splitting crack mode is lower than that in the pullout failure mode. When the pullout load reaches its peak, the pullout load of the specimen with split failure mode decreases sharply. Meanwhile, the load of the specimen with pullout failure mode is relatively slow, and the energy absorption rate decreases gradually due to the occurrence of cracks. However, the reduction in the energy absorption rate under pullout failure is lower than that under split failure. The radial pressure in the grouted rockbolt systems increases due to the wedge action. When the radial pressure exceeds the tensile strength of concrete, the specimen will experience split failure, otherwise pullout failure will occur. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Safety and Monitoring of Intelligent and Green Mining Technology)
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