Materiality and Private Rituals in Tibetan and Himalayan Cultures

A special issue of Religions (ISSN 2077-1444). This special issue belongs to the section "Religions and Humanities/Philosophies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2025) | Viewed by 2202

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Forlilpsi, University of Florence, via Laura 48, 50121 Florence, Italy
Interests: Buddhist tantric traditions; Tibetan Buddhism; magic

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Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Religion, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
Interests: Tibetan Buddhism; magic; secrecy; the grotesque

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue addresses the recent shift in the study of Tibetan and Himalayan Cultures that seeks to enhance the status of tangible materials in the conceptualization of ritual agency, especially in the private domain of Buddhist practice. One of the salient features of Buddhist practice is ‘entanglement’ (Barad 2017) with various objects that may include home-shrines, sutra boxes, postcards, clothes, effigies, protective strings worn on wrists or arms, tattoos, rings, prayer flags, printed texts, rocks or murals. These objects communicate a “more or less consistent systems of meanings” that contributes to establishing a self-programmed apparatus of ritual behaviour (Rambelli 2007: 2). As things intertwine with human lives, engagement with material objects reevaluates the role of experience as symbolic, object-centered bodily enactment, rather than a practice of motionless meditation (Rambelli 2007: 5). Objects legitimize bonds between humans and non-humans and, therefore, reconceptualize the notion of co-agency ascribing special value to the transformative power of objects (Gentry 2017). While most previous research has concentrated on materials employed for elaborate rituals or large-scale festivals conducted publicly for the temple-centric communities venerating deities institutionalized in the temples and monasteries, this Special Issue will focus on private rituals performed by individuals or small communities, independent of the state. These minority groups often employ objects for worldly related purposes, such as the propitiation of supernormal agents, (for example, ghosts, angry spirits, ancestors), divination, or fulfillment of wishes, all of which often come under the rubric of ‘magic/folk’ practice. On the other hand, within the scope of spiritual practice (sādhana), engagement with objects plays an important role in an individualized private worship, that may include (but not be limited to), smearing the ground with cow-dung, putting on special clothes, or burning incense. We are pleased to invite you to contribute a paper in the Special Issue of the international, open-access, peer-reviewed journal of Religions that intends to offer a new understanding of materiality and private rituals in Tibet and the Himalayas. Submissions are welcome from any methodological approach, including textual studies, anthropology, ethnography, and religious studies. Covering the time frame extending from the medieval period up to the present, we welcome papers that examine any tradition practiced within the Tibetan and Himalayan regions, including India, Bhutan, Nepal, the Tibetan Autonomous Region and other Tibetan-inhabited areas of the PRC, and Tibetan/Buddhist communities around the world. Papers focusing on lay communities or marginalized ethnic groups are especially welcome. 

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but not limited to) the following:

  • Tibetan Buddhism;
  • Bon;
  • Buddhism;
  • Chinese Buddhism;
  • New religions;
  • Folk religions.

We request that, prior to submitting a manuscript, interested authors initially submit a proposed title and an abstract of 200–300 words summarizing their intended contribution. Please send it to the Guest Editor, Dr. Aleksandra Wenta ([email protected]), and to the Guest Editorial Assistant, Amanda Brown ([email protected]). Abstracts will be reviewed by the Guest Editors for the purposes of ensuring proper fit within the scope of the Special Issue. Full manuscripts will undergo double-blind peer review.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Aleksandra Wenta
Guest Editor

Amanda Brown
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Religions is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Tibetan Buddhism
  • Bon
  • Buddhism
  • Chinese Buddhism
  • new religions
  • folk religions

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

1 pages, 1262 KiB  
Article
Consecrated Medicines and Spiritual Practices: A Reflection on the Many Traditions Represented in the Relics by Zur mKhar ba mNyam nyid rdo rje
by Carmela Simioli
Religions 2025, 16(3), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16030324 - 4 Mar 2025
Viewed by 257
Abstract
This contribution is aimed at analyzing a series of life-prolonging and rejuvenating treatments (bcud len), recipes of ambrosia for immortality (bdud rtsi sman), and yogic and meditative techniques incorporated in the Man ngag bye ba ring bsrel (Ten Million [...] Read more.
This contribution is aimed at analyzing a series of life-prolonging and rejuvenating treatments (bcud len), recipes of ambrosia for immortality (bdud rtsi sman), and yogic and meditative techniques incorporated in the Man ngag bye ba ring bsrel (Ten Million of Quintessential Instructions, The Relics; henceforth Ring bsrel), a medical corpus mainly authored by Zur mkhar ba mNyam nyid rdo rje (1439–1475). The many treads of mNyam nyid rdo rje’s literary production reflect his rNying ma and bKa’ brgyud spiritual legacies: the author systematically elaborated materials drawn from the rNying ma gter ma tradition and complex medico–alchemical practices ascribed to the third Karmapa Rang byung rdo rje (1284–1339) and O rgyan pa rin chen dpal (1230–1309). The key ingredients of the recipes include saxifrage [bdud rtsi ’od ldan; Micranthes melanocentra; Saxifraga melanocentra], purple sage [lug mur; Phlomoides bracteosa], potent substances such as black aconite [bstan dug; Aconitum spicatum;], nightshade [thang phrom; Anisodus spp.; Mandragora caulescens], mercury–sulfide ashes (zla bcud; bcud rgyal), aphrodisiacs containing salamander meat [da byid, gangs sbal; Batrachuporus pinchonii], caterpillar fungus [dByar rtswa dgun ’bu; Cordyceps sinensis], and other substances endowed with hot potencies that can enhance gtum mo practices such as the dwarf rhododendron [da lis; Rhododendron spp.] and compounds containing long peer [pi pi ling; Piper longum], black pepper, [pho bar is; Piper nigrum], ginger, and so forth. The consecrated medicines and the rituals can bestow protection from any sort of diseases, diseases-carrier forces (gdon), and poisoning and lead to spiritual achievements. The analysis of these scriptural materials brings into focus the historical interrelation of diverse traditions that are represented by the heterogeneity of ideas and practices handed down through the Zur medical lineage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materiality and Private Rituals in Tibetan and Himalayan Cultures)
16 pages, 5206 KiB  
Article
Continuity as Care: Devotional Maintenance, Renewal, Accumulation, and Disposal in Tibetan and Himalayan Buddhist Material Religion
by Ayesha Fuentes
Religions 2025, 16(2), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16020240 - 15 Feb 2025
Viewed by 395
Abstract
This paper draws from the author’s direct experience with material care, adaptation, renewal, and disposal made while working within Himalayan and Tibetan Buddhist practitioner communities as a museum professional, conservator, and object-based researcher. It considers the function and utility of Buddhist tantric religious [...] Read more.
This paper draws from the author’s direct experience with material care, adaptation, renewal, and disposal made while working within Himalayan and Tibetan Buddhist practitioner communities as a museum professional, conservator, and object-based researcher. It considers the function and utility of Buddhist tantric religious objects in terms of their care and capacity for practitioner engagement. In addition to exploring specific examples of what is referred to here as ‘devotional maintenance’, this paper will discuss how these strategies for object custodianship are related to Tibetan and Himalayan religious life and the specific epistemological and soteriological paradigm in which these actions are performed. Working from the perspective of a non-practitioner and material specialist, this research builds on observations of material care-taking to engage with local concepts of continuity, value, and longevity, including practices of accumulation, renewal, or disposal. Thinking critically about the methods and standards of heritage preservation provokes a discussion of how they can be interpreted as acts of care. At the same time, this paper will explore material custodianship through the cultivation of merit and an object’s capacity to transmit ‘blessings’ or the gift of beneficial influence (byin rlabs). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materiality and Private Rituals in Tibetan and Himalayan Cultures)
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14 pages, 231 KiB  
Article
In the Lap of the Buddha: Intimacy in Tibetan Ritual
by Cameron David Warner
Religions 2025, 16(2), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16020202 - 8 Feb 2025
Viewed by 483
Abstract
Following the re-opening of the Rasa Trulnang Tsuklhakhang, the central temple in Lhasa, all of the new images of Buddhas, bodhisattvas, and famous lamas were placed behind glass except for those in the sancta sanctorum, the “Jokhang”. When a pilgrim approaches the [...] Read more.
Following the re-opening of the Rasa Trulnang Tsuklhakhang, the central temple in Lhasa, all of the new images of Buddhas, bodhisattvas, and famous lamas were placed behind glass except for those in the sancta sanctorum, the “Jokhang”. When a pilgrim approaches the central figure, the Jowo Śākyamuni, she climbs a ladder on his right side, lays a ceremonial scarf across his lap, and then lays her head there, like a child seeking solace from her mother. A wealthy pilgrim might return in the late afternoon, when the temple is closed to visitors, to sponsor a regilding ceremony, in which the sponsor can spend up to an hour nearly alone with the Jowo watching his whole body be repainted in gold. Based on participant observation, pilgrimage guides, and verses of praise offered to the Jowo, this paper considers how the cult of the Jowo uses moments of private intimacy to bridge the distance, both physically and historically, between a devotee and the Buddha. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materiality and Private Rituals in Tibetan and Himalayan Cultures)
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