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Remote Sensing in Space Geodesy and Cartography Methods (Third Edition)

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Satellite Missions for Earth and Planetary Exploration".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2024 | Viewed by 2451

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
Interests: space geodesy; marine geodesy; physical geodesy
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Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Interests: satellite geodesy; GNSS
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Study “Giustino Fortunato”, 82100 Benevento, Italy
Interests: statistical signal processing; image processing; passive remote sensing (hyperspectral sensor); active remote sensing (radar, SAR, GNSS-R)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, the massive amounts of remote sensing data obtained from space geodetic techniques, such as satellite gravimetry, satellite geodesy, GNSS, InSAR, and LiDAR, have greatly advanced the field of space geodesy, and have also facilitated innovation in data mining and cartography methods. As new space platforms are continuously developed and novel measurements obtained, space geodesy and cartography are faced with unprecedented challenges and opportunities; these include the accurate determination of Earth’s shape and gravity field, the better visualization of multisource data, and the construction of a digital Earth. All of these fields require more advanced and sophisticated remote sensing methods and applications.
This Special Issue will highlight remote sensing methods and applications in space geodesy and cartography, embracing the scope of the Satellite Missions for Earth and Planetary Exploration section of Remote Sensing.
This Special Issue will publish studies covering all aspects of satellite gravimetry, satellite altimetry, satellite optical/multispectral/hyperspectral/SAR remote sensing, GNSS, LiDAR, deep space detection, space geodetic theory and techniques, the space environment, and the digital Earth; additionally, we are interested in theory, methods, techniques, algorithms, data validation, scientific products, and applications. Review articles are also welcome. Articles may address, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Digital Earth;
  • Topography and thematic mapping;
  • Earth shape and gravity field modeling;
  • Co-ordinate reference frame and deformation monitoring;
  • Planet geodesy and cartography;
  • Space environment and deep space detection.

Prof. Dr. Jinyun Guo
Prof. Dr. Cheinway Hwang
Dr. Yu Sun
Dr. Tzu-pang Tseng
Dr. Pia Addabbo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • GNSS
  • LiDAR
  • satellite gravimetry
  • satellite altimetry
  • optical/multispectral/hyperspectral/SAR remote sensing
  • space geodetic technique
  • deep space detection

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 783 KiB  
Communication
Comparing Link Budget Requirements for Future Space-Based Interferometers
by Callum Scott Sambridge, Jobin Thomas Valliyakalayil and Kirk McKenzie
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(19), 3598; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16193598 - 26 Sep 2024
Viewed by 509
Abstract
Inter-satellite interferometric missions are critical in the ongoing monitoring of climate change. Next-generation Earth geodesy missions are opportunities to improve on mission cost and measurement sensitivity through revised design. To be considered feasible, mission architectures must meet an optical power requirement that factors [...] Read more.
Inter-satellite interferometric missions are critical in the ongoing monitoring of climate change. Next-generation Earth geodesy missions are opportunities to improve on mission cost and measurement sensitivity through revised design. To be considered feasible, mission architectures must meet an optical power requirement that factors in both shot noise and laser frequency noise. Reference-transponder mission configurations, like the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment-Follow On (GRACE-FO) mission, are designed for measurement down to a received carrier-to-noise density ratio of 70 dB-Hz—1.9 picowatts in shot-noise-limited detection. This work shows, through modeling and simulation, that the optical power level required to perform robust measurement varies significantly between mission configurations. Alternate configurations, such as retro-reflector-based schemes, can operate robustly down to much lower carrier-to-noise density ratios, with the example parameters considered here: down to 29 dB-Hz—150 attowatts in shot-noise-limited detection. These results motivate exploration of alternate missions configurations with revised optical power requirements, increasing the feasibility of new designs. Full article
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21 pages, 8385 KiB  
Article
On the Integration of VLBI Observations to GENESIS into Global VGOS Operations
by David Schunck, Lucia McCallum and Guifré Molera Calvés
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(17), 3234; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173234 - 31 Aug 2024
Viewed by 490
Abstract
The upcoming European Space Agency (ESA) satellite mission GENESIS is an Earth-orbiting satellite carrying instruments of all four space geodetic techniques. The onboard transmitter for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) will allow the observation of the satellite with VLBI radio telescopes. The objective [...] Read more.
The upcoming European Space Agency (ESA) satellite mission GENESIS is an Earth-orbiting satellite carrying instruments of all four space geodetic techniques. The onboard transmitter for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) will allow the observation of the satellite with VLBI radio telescopes. The objective of this study is to investigate the integration of VLBI observations of GENESIS into the operations of the VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS). Based on both current and foreseeable modern VGOS antenna networks, we consider the realistic observability of both geodetic radio sources and GENESIS. We conduct a comprehensive scheduling and perform extensive simulations of the VLBI observations. We assume that observations of GENESIS are scheduled within regular, geodetic experiments. The integration of GENESIS as an additional source in the scheduling results in a minimal degradation in the geodetic parameter estimation of station positions and dUT1 of less than 0.09 mm and 0.06 μs, respectively. The results suggest to schedule scans of GENESIS at intervals of about 5 min to limit the decrease in the number of observations of geodetic sources to less than 5% with respect to schedules containing only geodetic radio sources. The schedules for 24 h experiments comprise about 150 to 200 scans and 1000 to 5000 observations of GENESIS, depending on the size of the utilized network. The frame tie accuracy between the VLBI and GENESIS frames is assessed in the form of station positions, which are solely estimated from observations of GENESIS. Multiple 24 h experiments are simulated over 52 weeks with assumed session cadences of two to three experiments per week. By stacking the normal equations from three months of experiments, we obtain station position estimates with a precision of less than 10 mm. After 12 months, the repeatabilites are reduced to less than 5 mm. Full article
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16 pages, 5398 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study of Seafloor Topography Prediction from Gravity–Geologic Method and Analytical Algorithm
by Yuwei Tian, Huan Xu, Jinhai Yu, Qiuyu Wang, Yongjun Jia and Xin Chen
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(17), 3154; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173154 - 27 Aug 2024
Viewed by 402
Abstract
Seafloor topography prediction can fill in sea areas without ship sounding data. However, the dependence of various topographic prediction algorithms on ship soundings varies significantly. Hence, this study explores the impact of the number and distributions of ship soundings on topographic prediction using [...] Read more.
Seafloor topography prediction can fill in sea areas without ship sounding data. However, the dependence of various topographic prediction algorithms on ship soundings varies significantly. Hence, this study explores the impact of the number and distributions of ship soundings on topographic prediction using the gravity–geologic method (GGM) and an analytical algorithm. Firstly, this study investigates the influence of ship sounding coverage on the two algorithms. The simulation results demonstrate that increasing coverage from 5.40% to 31.80%, coupled with more uniform distributions across the study area, substantially reduces the RMS error of the GGM. Specifically, the RMS error decreases from 238.68 m to 42.90 m, an improvement of 82.03%. The analytical algorithm maintains a consistent RMS error of 40.39 m because it does not depend on ship soundings. Furthermore, we select a 1° × 1° sea area (134.8°–135.8°E, 30.0°–31.0°N), and the ship soundings are divided into two control groups, Part I and Part II, with coverages of 8.19% and 33.19%, respectively. When Part II is used for calculation, the RMS error of the GGM decreases from 204.17 m to 126.95 m compared to when Part I is used, while the analytical algorithm exhibits an RMS error of 167.94 m. The findings indicate that the prediction accuracy of the GGM is significantly affected by ship soundings, whereas the analytical algorithm is more stable and independent of ship soundings. Based on simulation experiments and realistic examples, when the effective ship soundings coverage exceeds 30%, the GGM may have more advantages. Conversely, the analytical algorithm may be better. This suggests that effectively combining and utilizing different algorithms based on the ship sounding coverage can improve the accuracy of topographic prediction. This will provide a basis for integrating multiple algorithms to construct a global seafloor topography model. Full article
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18 pages, 13835 KiB  
Article
A New Combination Approach for Gibbs Phenomenon Suppression in Regional Validation of Global Gravity Field Model: A Case Study in North China
by Yingchun Shen, Wei Feng, Meng Yang, Min Zhong, Wei Tian, Yuhao Xiong and Zhongshan Jiang
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(15), 2756; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152756 - 28 Jul 2024
Viewed by 570
Abstract
A global gravity field model (GGM) is essential to be validated with ground-based or airborne observational data for the accurate application of the GGM at a regional scale. Furthermore, accurately understanding the commission errors between the GGM and observational data are crucial for [...] Read more.
A global gravity field model (GGM) is essential to be validated with ground-based or airborne observational data for the accurate application of the GGM at a regional scale. Furthermore, accurately understanding the commission errors between the GGM and observational data are crucial for improving regional gravity fields. Taking the North China region as an example, to circumvent the omission errors, it is necessary to unify the spatial resolutions of the EIGEN-6C4 model and terrestrial gravity observational data to 110 km (determined by the distribution of gravity stations) by employing the spherical harmonic function for the EIGEN-6C4 model and the Slepian basis function for the gravity data, respectively. However, the application of spherical harmonic function expansions in the gravity model results in the Gibbs phenomenon, which may be a primary factor contributing to commission errors and impedes the accurate validation of the EIGEN-6C4 model with terrestrial gravity data. To effectively mitigate this issue, this study proposes a combination approach of window function filtering and regional eigenvalue constraint (based on the Slepian basis). Utilizing the EIGEN-6C4 gravity model to derive the gravity disturbance field at a resolution of 110 km (with spherical harmonic expansion up to the 180th degree and order), the combination approach effectively suppresses over 90% of high-degree (above the 120th degree) Gibbs phenomena. This approach also reduces signal leakage outside the region, thus enhancing the spatial accuracy of the regional gravity disturbance field. A subsequent comparison of the regional gravity disturbance field derived from the true model and terrestrial gravity data in North China indicates excellent consistency, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.80 mGal. This validation confirms that the combined approach of window function filtering and regional eigenvalue constraints effectively mitigates the Gibbs phenomenon and yields precise regional gravity fields. This approach is anticipated to significantly benefit scientific applications such as improving the accuracy of regional elevation benchmarks and accurately inverting the Earth’s internal structure. Full article
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