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Remote Sensing for the Definition and Near-Real Time Monitoring of Meteorological Extremes

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Dr. Giulia Panegrossi

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Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: remote sensing of clouds and precipitation; passive microwave precipitation retrieval techniques; cloud microphysics; severe weather

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climate interconnections with several aspects of weather patterns and parameters, including anomalous, rare, and extreme weather events, need to be well understood. Extreme events can be harmful to our heath, cause great devastation to infrastructures, affect our economy, and even cause the loss of lives. This Special Issue stems from the need of the meteorological community to improve the understanding and characterization of extreme weather and its feedback connection with climate in time and space. Submission of papers on remote sensing techniques developed for the characterization, detection, and near-real-time monitoring of meteorological extreme is encouraged. Some examples of extreme events include, but are not limited to, heat waves, cold waves, floods, heavy precipitation systems, drought, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones.

Dr. Giulia Panegrossi
Guest Editor

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

Extreme weather
Remote sensing techniques
Near-real-time monitoring

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19 pages, 10447 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Backward Adaptive Brightness Temperature Threshold Technique (BAB3T): A Methodology to Determine Extreme Convective Initiation Regions Using Satellite Infrared Imagery

by Maite Cancelada, Paola Salio, Daniel Vila, Stephen W. Nesbitt and Luciano Vidal

Remote Sens. 2020, 12(2), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12020337 - 20 Jan 2020

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4715

Abstract

Thunderstorms in southeastern South America (SESA) stand out in satellite observations as being among the strongest on Earth in terms of satellite-based convective proxies, such as lightning flash rate per storm, the prevalence for extremely tall, wide convective cores and broad stratiform regions. Accurately quantifying when and where strong convection is initiated presents great interest in operational forecasting and convective system process studies due to the relationship between convective storms and severe weather phenomena. This paper generates a novel methodology to determine convective initiation (CI) signatures associated with extreme convective systems, including extreme events. Based on the well-established area-overlapping technique, an adaptive brightness temperature threshold for identification and backward tracking with infrared data is introduced in order to better identify areas of deep convection associated with and embedded within larger cloud clusters. This is particularly important over SESA because ground-based weather radar observations are currently limited to particular areas. Extreme rain precipitation features (ERPFs) from Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission are examined to quantify the full satellite-observed life cycle of extreme convective events, although this technique allows examination of other intense convection proxies such as the identification of overshooting tops. CI annual and diurnal cycles are analyzed and distinctive behaviors are observed for different regions over SESA. It is found that near principal mountain barriers, a bimodal diurnal CI distribution is observed denoting the existence of multiple CI triggers, while convective initiation over flat terrain has a maximum frequency in the afternoon. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing for the Definition and Near-Real Time Monitoring of Meteorological Extremes)

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26 pages, 9154 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Precipitation Structure of the Mediterranean Tropical-Like Cyclone Numa: Analysis of GPM Observations and Numerical Weather Prediction Model Simulations

by Anna Cinzia Marra, Stefano Federico, Mario Montopoli, Elenio Avolio, Luca Baldini, Daniele Casella, Leo Pio D’Adderio, Stefano Dietrich, Paolo Sanò, Rosa Claudia Torcasio and Giulia Panegrossi

Remote Sens. 2019, 11(14), 1690; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11141690 - 17 Jul 2019

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 4313

Abstract

This study shows how satellite-based passive and active microwave (MW) sensors can be used in conjunction with high-resolution Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) simulations to provide insights of the precipitation structure of the tropical-like cyclone (TLC) Numa, which occurred on 15–19 November 2017. The goal of the paper is to characterize and monitor the precipitation at the different stages of its evolution from development to TLC phase, throughout the storm transition over the Mediterranean Sea. Observations by the NASA/JAXA Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory (GPM-CO) and by the GPM constellation of MW radiometers are used, in conjunction with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) simulations. The GPM-CO measurements are used to analyze the passive MW radiometric response to the microphysical structure of the storm, while the comparison between successive MW radiometer overpasses shows the evolution of Numa precipitation structure from its early development stage on the Ionian Sea into its TLC phase, as it persists over southern coast of Italy (Apulia region) for several hours. Measurements evidence stronger convective activity at the development phase compared to the TLC phase, when strengthening or weakening phases in the eye development, and the occurrence of warm rain processes in the areas surrounding the eye, are identified. The weak scattering and polarization signal at and above 89 GHz, the lack of scattering signal at 37 GHz, and the absence of electrical activity in correspondence of the rainbands during the TLC phase, indicate weak convection and the presence of supercooled cloud droplets at high levels. RAMS high-resolution simulations support what inferred from the observations, evidencing Numa TLC characteristics (closed circulation around a warm core, low vertical wind shear, intense surface winds, heavy precipitation), persisting for more than 24 h. Moreover, the implementation of DPR 3D reflectivity field in the RAMS data assimilation system shows a small (but non negligible) impact on the precipitation forecast over the sea up to a few hours after the DPR overpass. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing for the Definition and Near-Real Time Monitoring of Meteorological Extremes)

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