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Structural Health and Condition Monitoring with Acoustic Emission and Guided Ultrasonic Waves: Sensors and Transducers

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 June 2024) | Viewed by 4815

Special Issue Editors

Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Interests: ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation; elastic/mechanical properties characterization; smart sensors for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
Interests: experimental mechanics; ultrasonic guided waves; nondestructive evaluation; structural health monitoring; rail safety
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China
Interests: acoustics; nondestructive evaluation (NDE); ultrasonic material characterization; advanced ultrasonic imaging; numerical modeling of elastic waves and metamaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue aims to highlight the recent progress and trends in sensors and transducer technologies that enable structural health and condition monitoring (SHCM) with acoustic emission (AE) and guided ultrasonic waves (GUWs). In recent years, significant development has been made in SHCM based on AE and GUWs, which is now widely utilized in various fields, including aerospace, civil engineering, transportation, etc. Sensors play a critical role in structural health monitoring systems. With the development of technologies such as advanced manufacturing, artificial intelligence, big data, 5G and the Internet of Things, sensing techniques are developing rapidly in the direction of intelligence, integration, multi-functionality and networking.

This Special Issue aims to encourage researchers to contribute their original research articles and review articles to enhance the capabilities of sensors and sensing applications. Both experimental and theoretical/simulated results are welcome.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Sensor design and advanced manufacturing;
  • Smart materials and novel sensing techniques;
  • Sensor network design, data transmission, wired and wireless communication;
  • Sensors for extreme environmental conditions;
  • Instruments and instrumentation for sensing applications;
  • Sensor/structure integration technology;
  • Wave analysis in acoustic emission and guided ultrasonic waves.

Dr. Yan Lyu
Dr. Xuan Zhu
Dr. Fan Shi
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4977 KiB  
Article
Design and Finite Element Simulation of a Novel 3D-CMUT Device for Simultaneous Sensing of In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Displacements of Ultrasonic Guided Waves
by Sai Zhang, Wei Lu, Ailing Wang, Guodong Hao, Renxing Wang and Mehmet Yilmaz
Sensors 2023, 23(21), 8706; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218706 - 25 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1203
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a physical model of a three-dimensional (3D) guided wave sensor called 3D-CMUT, which is based on capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs). This 3D-CMUT sensor is designed to effectively and simultaneously obtain 3D vibration information about ultrasonic guided waves [...] Read more.
In this study, we introduce a physical model of a three-dimensional (3D) guided wave sensor called 3D-CMUT, which is based on capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs). This 3D-CMUT sensor is designed to effectively and simultaneously obtain 3D vibration information about ultrasonic guided waves in the out-of-plane (z-direction) and in-plane (x and y-directions). The basic unit of the 3D-CMUT is much smaller than the wavelength of the guided waves and consists of two orthogonal comb-like CMUT cells and one piston-type CMUT cell. These cells are used to sense displacement signals in the x, y, and z-directions. To ensure proper functioning of the 3D-CMUT unit, the resonant frequencies of the three composed cells are set to be identical by adjusting the microstructural parameters appropriately. Moreover, the same sensitivity in the x, y, and z-directions is theoretically achieved by tuning the amplification parameters in the external circuit. We establish a transient analysis model of the 3D-CMUT using COMSOL finite element simulation software to confirm its ability to sense multimode ultrasonic guided waves, including A0, S0, and SH0 modes. Additionally, we simulate the ball drop impact acoustic emission signal on a plate to demonstrate that the 3D-CMUT can not only utilize in-plane information for positioning but also out-of-plane information. The proposed 3D-CMUT holds significant potential for applications in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). Full article
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20 pages, 8426 KiB  
Article
Vibration Reduction and Explosion Control Investigation for an Ultra-Shallow Buried Tunnel under Crossing Buildings Based on HHT Analysis
by Rui Xu, Jichun Zhang, Bian Wu and Feng-Liang Zhang
Sensors 2023, 23(17), 7589; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177589 - 1 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1315
Abstract
With the rapid development of underground space utilization, the excavation of new tunnels with ultra-shallow under crossing buildings using the drilling and blasting method is gradually increasing. The blasting vibration will undoubtedly affect the surrounding buildings. Reducing the impact of blasting vibration on [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of underground space utilization, the excavation of new tunnels with ultra-shallow under crossing buildings using the drilling and blasting method is gradually increasing. The blasting vibration will undoubtedly affect the surrounding buildings. Reducing the impact of blasting vibration on ground buildings has become an important technical challenge faced by tunnel blasting technicians. The inlet end of the Xi’an-Chengdu High-Speed Railway Xiannvyan Tunnel passes below a village through an ultra-shallow buried section; as a result, blasting vibration control is a major concern. A design scheme for a 0.6 m footage in tunnel was proposed and verified through field tests. A 0.8 m footage scheme and 1.8 m footage millisecond interference vibration reduction scheme were proposed, respectively. Based on the HHT analysis, by comparing the surface vibration velocities and instantaneous energy obtained from the millisecond delay detonation of cutting holes and the detonation of different charging schemes, we found that the free surface, mass of single dynamite charges, and tunnel burial depth had significant influences on the surface vibration. Full article
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16 pages, 9910 KiB  
Article
Research on Photoacoustic Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technology Imaging Method of Internal Defects in Cylindrical Components
by Yanjie Zhang, Tianyou Li, Hongkai Chen, Zhihui Xu, Xinyao Li, Wangzhe Du and Yaxing Liu
Sensors 2023, 23(15), 6803; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156803 - 30 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1772
Abstract
Cylindrical components are parts with curved surfaces, and their high-precision defect testing is of great significance to industrial production. This paper proposes a noncontact internal defect imaging method for cylindrical components, and an automatic photoacoustic testing platform is built. A synthetic aperture focusing [...] Read more.
Cylindrical components are parts with curved surfaces, and their high-precision defect testing is of great significance to industrial production. This paper proposes a noncontact internal defect imaging method for cylindrical components, and an automatic photoacoustic testing platform is built. A synthetic aperture focusing technology in the polar coordinate system based on laser ultrasonic (LU-pSAFT) is established, and the relationship between the imaging quality and position of discrete points is analyzed. In order to verify the validity of this method, small holes of Φ0.5 mm in the aluminum alloy rod are tested. During the imaging process, since a variety of waveforms can be excited by the pulsed laser synchronously, the masked longitudinal waves reflected by small holes need to be filtered and windowed to achieve high-quality imaging. In addition, the influence of ultrasonic beam angle and signal array spacing on imaging quality is analyzed. The results show that the method can accurately present the outline of the small hole, the circumferential resolution of the small hole is less than 1° and the dimensional accuracy and position error are less than 0.1 mm. Full article
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