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E-Skin Sensors
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E-Skin Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2019) | Viewed by 25266

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. René M. Rossi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überland Str. 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Interests: smart textiles; fiber-based sensors; material–skin interactions; skin models; comfort
Dr. Luciano Boesel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Interests: fiber optic sensors; fluorescent sensors; colorimetric sensors; hydrogels; smart textiles; light-responsive polymers
Dr. Claudio Toncelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Interests: Microfluidic wet spinning; optical sensors; 3D bioprinting; nanomaterials; polymer synthesis; biomaterials; soft matter; metal–organic frameworks; pumpless fluid transport

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The human skin is the largest organ of the human body and mainly fulfils three functions: protecting the body from external aggressors, the thermoregulatory exchange of heat and moisture with the environment, as well as sensing. It contains mechanical and thermal sensors which register touch, pressure or temperature. Advances in materials science and electronics have allowed the development of electronic skin sensor arrays that are flexible and stretchable, but also robust in order to mimic as closely as possible the properties of the human skin. Such sensors need a high resolution and fast response time, and find their applications in robotics, prosthetics or health monitoring.
We invite manuscripts for this Special Issue on all aspects of electronic skin sensors: development of flexible sensors and sensors arrays, integration with flexible circuits for signal processing and combination with wireless technology for data transfer.  

Prof. René M. Rossi
Dr. Luciano Boesel
Dr. Claudio Toncelli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Flexible sensors
  • Polymer-based sensors
  • Stimuli-responsive polymers
  • Soft robotics
  • Health monitoring

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 5895 KiB  
Article
Flexible Piezoresistive Sensor with the Microarray Structure Based on Self-Assembly of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
by Peng Zhang, Yucheng Chen, Yuxia Li, Yun Zhao, Wei Wang, Shuyuan Li and Liangsong Huang
Sensors 2019, 19(22), 4985; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19224985 - 15 Nov 2019
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5186
Abstract
High-performance flexible pressure sensors have great application prospects in numerous fields, including the robot skin, intelligent prosthetic hands and wearable devices. In the present study, a novel type of flexible piezoresistive sensor is presented. The proposed sensor has remarkable superiorities, including high sensitivity, [...] Read more.
High-performance flexible pressure sensors have great application prospects in numerous fields, including the robot skin, intelligent prosthetic hands and wearable devices. In the present study, a novel type of flexible piezoresistive sensor is presented. The proposed sensor has remarkable superiorities, including high sensitivity, high repeatability, a simple manufacturing procedure and low initial cost. In this sensor, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were assembled onto a polydimethylsiloxane film with a pyramidal microarray structure through a layer-by-layer self-assembly system. It was found that when the applied external pressure deformed the pyramid microarray structure on the surface of the polydimethylsiloxane film, the resistance of the sensor varied linearly as the pressure changed. Tests that were performed on sensor samples with different self-assembled layers showed that the pressure sensitivity of the sensor could reach − 2.65     kPa − 1 , which ensured the high dynamic response ability and the high stability of the sensor. Moreover, it was proven that the sensor could be applied as a strain sensor under the tensile force to reflect the stretching extent or the bending object. Finally, a flexible pressure sensor was installed on five fingers and the back of the middle finger of a glove. The obtained results from grabbing different weights and different shapes of objects showed that the flexible pressure sensor not only reflected the change in the finger tactility during the grasping process, but also reflected the bending degree of fingers, which had a significant practical prospect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue E-Skin Sensors)
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9 pages, 1365 KiB  
Article
Applicability of a Textile ECG-Belt for Unattended Sleep Apnoea Monitoring in a Home Setting
by Piero Fontana, Neusa Rebeca Adão Martins, Martin Camenzind, Maximilian Boesch, Florent Baty, Otto D. Schoch, Martin H. Brutsche, René M. Rossi and Simon Annaheim
Sensors 2019, 19(15), 3367; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19153367 - 31 Jul 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3136
Abstract
Sleep monitoring in an unattended home setting provides important information complementing and extending the clinical polysomnography findings. The validity of a wearable textile electrocardiography (ECG)-belt has been proven in a clinical setting. For evaluation in a home setting, ECG signals and features were [...] Read more.
Sleep monitoring in an unattended home setting provides important information complementing and extending the clinical polysomnography findings. The validity of a wearable textile electrocardiography (ECG)-belt has been proven in a clinical setting. For evaluation in a home setting, ECG signals and features were acquired from 12 patients (10 males and 2 females, showing an interquartile range for age of 48–59 years and for body mass indexes (BMIs) of 28.0–35.5) over 28 nights. The signal quality was assessed by artefacts detection, signal-to-noise ratio, and Poincaré plots. To assess the validity, the data were compared to previously reported data from the clinical setting. It was found that the artefact percentage was slightly reduced for the ECG-belt from 9.7% ± 14.7% in the clinical setting, to 7.5% ± 10.8% in the home setting. The signal-to-noise ratio was improved in the home setting and reached similar values to the gel electrodes in the clinical setting. Finally, it was found that for artefact percentages above 3%, Poincaré plots are instrumental to evaluate the origin of artefacts. In conclusion, the application of the ECG-belt in a home setting did not result in a reduction in signal quality compared to the ECG-belt used in the clinical setting, and thus provides new opportunities for patient pre-screening or follow-up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue E-Skin Sensors)
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22 pages, 7967 KiB  
Article
Design, Motivation and Evaluation of a Full-Resolution Optical Tactile Sensor
by Carmelo Sferrazza and Raffaello D’Andrea
Sensors 2019, 19(4), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040928 - 22 Feb 2019
Cited by 84 | Viewed by 10818
Abstract
Human skin is capable of sensing various types of forces with high resolution and accuracy. The development of an artificial sense of touch needs to address these properties, while retaining scalability to large surfaces with arbitrary shapes. The vision-based tactile sensor proposed in [...] Read more.
Human skin is capable of sensing various types of forces with high resolution and accuracy. The development of an artificial sense of touch needs to address these properties, while retaining scalability to large surfaces with arbitrary shapes. The vision-based tactile sensor proposed in this article exploits the extremely high resolution of modern image sensors to reconstruct the normal force distribution applied to a soft material, whose deformation is observed on the camera images. By embedding a random pattern within the material, the full resolution of the camera can be exploited. The design and the motivation of the proposed approach are discussed with respect to a simplified elasticity model. An artificial deep neural network is trained on experimental data to perform the tactile sensing task with high accuracy for a specific indenter, and with a spatial resolution and a sensing range comparable to the human fingertip. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue E-Skin Sensors)
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11 pages, 10221 KiB  
Article
High Sensitivity Flexible Electronic Skin Based on Graphene Film
by Xiaozhou Lü, Jiayi Yang, Liang Qi, Weimin Bao, Liang Zhao and Renjie Chen
Sensors 2019, 19(4), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040794 - 15 Feb 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5441
Abstract
Electronic skin with high sensitivity, rapid response, and long-term stability has great value in robotics, biomedicine, and in other fields. However, electronic skin still has challenges in terms of sensitivity and response time. In order to solve this problem, flexible electronic skin with [...] Read more.
Electronic skin with high sensitivity, rapid response, and long-term stability has great value in robotics, biomedicine, and in other fields. However, electronic skin still has challenges in terms of sensitivity and response time. In order to solve this problem, flexible electronic skin with high sensitivity and the fast response was proposed, based on piezoresistive graphene films. The electronic skin was a pressure sensor array, composed of a 4 × 4 tactile sensing unit. Each sensing unit contained three layers: The underlying substrate (polyimide substrate), the middle layer (graphene/polyethylene terephthalate film), and the upper substrate bump (polydimethylsiloxane). The results of the measurement and analysis experiments, designed in this paper, indicated that the flexible electronic skin achieved a positive resistance characteristic in the range of 0 kPa–600 kPa, a sensitivity of 10.80 Ω /kPa in the range of 0 kPa–4 kPa, a loading response time of 10 ms, and a spatial resolution of 5 mm. In addition, the electronic skin realized shape detection on a regular-shaped object, based on the change in the resistance value of each unit. The high sensitivity flexible electronic skin designed in this paper has important application prospects in medical diagnosis, artificial intelligence, and other fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue E-Skin Sensors)
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