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Metamaterial-Based Microwave Sensors
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Metamaterial-Based Microwave Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2022) | Viewed by 14117

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marta Gil

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
DIEMAG, Dpto. Ingeniería Audiovisual y Comunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28031 Madrid, Spain
Interests: metamaterials; sensors; microwave devices; electronics engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Paris Vélez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CIMITEC, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Interests: microwave; passive circuits; electronics engineering; metamaterials; microwave biosensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ferran Martín

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CIMITEC, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Interests: microwave sensors; microwave circuits; metamaterials; RFID
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Christian Damm

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
Interests: metamaterials; microwave engineering; sensors; biomedical applications

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Metamaterials have received a great deal of attention from the scientific community in different fields since their first physical implementation in 2000. Among their multiple applications, microwave sensors are one of the most fruitful areas, in which many innovative works based on a variety of sensing strategies have been and are being developed. We solicit for this Special Issue both unpublished research and review papers dealing with metamaterial-inspired sensors, their implementation, and applications. The Special Issue scope includes (but is not limited to) the following metamaterial-based sensor topics:  

  • RF, microwave, and millimeter-wave sensors;
  • Microfluidic sensors;
  • Chemical, environmental, biological, and medical sensors;
  • Sensors for dielectric characterization;
  • Sensors for motion control applications;
  • Wireless sensors and sensor networks;
  • Chipless-RFID sensors;
  • Sensors based on symmetry properties and differential sensors;
  • Smart resonant sensors;
  • Sensors for defect detection and comparators;
  • New concepts and technologies for sensing (e.g., 3D printing, conformal sensors, organic-based sensors);
  • Strategies for sensitivity and performance improvement.

Dr. Marta Gil
Dr. Paris Vélez
Prof. Dr. Ferran Martín
Prof. Dr. Christian Damm
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metamaterials
  • sensors
  • microfluidics
  • biosensors
  • RFID

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 9066 KiB  
Communication
Metamaterial Vivaldi Antenna Array for Breast Cancer Detection
by Marwa Slimi, Bassem Jmai, Hugo Dinis, Ali Gharsallah and Paulo Mateus Mendes
Sensors 2022, 22(10), 3945; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103945 - 23 May 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3421
Abstract
The objective of this work is the design and validation of a directional Vivaldi antenna to detect tumor cells’ electromagnetic waves with a frequency of around 5 GHz. The proposed antenna is 33% smaller than a traditional Vivaldi antenna due to the use [...] Read more.
The objective of this work is the design and validation of a directional Vivaldi antenna to detect tumor cells’ electromagnetic waves with a frequency of around 5 GHz. The proposed antenna is 33% smaller than a traditional Vivaldi antenna due to the use of metamaterials in its design. It has an excellent return loss of 25 dB at 5 GHz and adequate radiation characteristics as its gain is 6.2 dB at 5 GHz. The unit cell size of the proposed metamaterial is 0.058λ × 0.054λ at the operation frequency of 5 GHz. The proposed antenna was designed and optimized in CST microwave software, and the measured and simulated results were in good agreement. The experimental study demonstrates that an array composed with the presented antennas can detect the existence of tumors in a liquid breast phantom with positional accuracy through the analysis of the minimum amplitude of Sii. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial-Based Microwave Sensors)
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23 pages, 22024 KiB  
Article
Negative Index Metamaterial-Based Frequency-Reconfigurable Textile CPW Antenna for Microwave Imaging of Breast Cancer
by Kabir Hossain, Thennarasan Sabapathy, Muzammil Jusoh, Shen-Han Lee, Khairul Shakir Ab Rahman and Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin
Sensors 2022, 22(4), 1626; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041626 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3531
Abstract
In this paper, we report the design and development of a metamaterial (MTM)-based directional coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed reconfigurable textile antenna using radiofrequency (RF) varactor diodes for microwave breast imaging. Both simulation and measurement results of the proposed MTM-based CPW-fed reconfigurable textile antenna revealed [...] Read more.
In this paper, we report the design and development of a metamaterial (MTM)-based directional coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed reconfigurable textile antenna using radiofrequency (RF) varactor diodes for microwave breast imaging. Both simulation and measurement results of the proposed MTM-based CPW-fed reconfigurable textile antenna revealed a continuous frequency reconfiguration to a distinct frequency band between 2.42 GHz and 3.2 GHz with a frequency ratio of 2.33:1, and with a static bandwidth at 4–15 GHz. The results also indicated that directional radiation pattern could be produced at the frequency reconfigurable region and the antenna had a peak gain of 7.56 dBi with an average efficiency of more than 67%. The MTM-based reconfigurable antenna was also tested under the deformed condition and analysed in the vicinity of the breast phantom. This microwave imaging system was used to perform simulation and measurement experiments on a custom-fabricated realistic breast phantom with heterogeneous tissue composition with image reconstruction using delay-and-sum (DAS) and delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) algorithms. Given that the MWI system was capable of detecting a cancer as small as 10 mm in the breast phantom, we propose that this technique may be used clinically for the detection of breast cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial-Based Microwave Sensors)
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14 pages, 5836 KiB  
Article
Design of Double-Layer Electrically Extremely Small-Size Displacement Sensor
by Yi-Dong Wang, Feng-Yuan Han, Jin Zhao, Zi-Wen Zhang, Di Wang, Yun-Hua Tan and Pu-Kun Liu
Sensors 2021, 21(14), 4923; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144923 - 20 Jul 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2737
Abstract
In this paper, a displacement sensor with an electrically extremely small size and high sensitivity is proposed based on an elaborately designed metamaterial element, i.e., coupled split-ring resonators (SRRs). The sensor consists of a feeding structure with a rectangular opening loop and a [...] Read more.
In this paper, a displacement sensor with an electrically extremely small size and high sensitivity is proposed based on an elaborately designed metamaterial element, i.e., coupled split-ring resonators (SRRs). The sensor consists of a feeding structure with a rectangular opening loop and a sensing structure with double-layer coupled SRRs. The movable double-layer structures can be used to measure the relative displacement. The size of microwave displacement sensors can be significantly reduced due to the compact feeding and sensing structures. By adjusting the position of the split gap within the resonator, the detection directions of the displacement sensing can be further expanded accordingly (along with the x- or y-axis) without increasing its physical size. Compared with previous works, the extremely compact size of 0.05λ0 × 0.05λ0 (λ0 denotes the free-space wavelength), a high sensitivity, and a high quality factor (Q-factor) can be achieved by the proposed sensor. From the perspective of the advantages above, the proposed sensor holds promise for being applied in many high-precision industrial measurement scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial-Based Microwave Sensors)
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Review

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21 pages, 13178 KiB  
Review
Recent Development of Non-Contact Multi-Target Vital Sign Detection and Location Tracking Based on Metamaterial Leaky Wave Antennas
by Yichao Yuan and Chung-Tse Michael Wu
Sensors 2021, 21(11), 3619; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113619 - 22 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3159
Abstract
Microwave radar sensors have been developed for non-contact monitoring of the health condition and location of targets, which will cause minimal discomfort and eliminate sanitation issues, especially in a pandemic situation. To this end, several radar sensor architectures and algorithms have been proposed [...] Read more.
Microwave radar sensors have been developed for non-contact monitoring of the health condition and location of targets, which will cause minimal discomfort and eliminate sanitation issues, especially in a pandemic situation. To this end, several radar sensor architectures and algorithms have been proposed to detect multiple targets at different locations. Traditionally, beamforming techniques incorporating phase shifters or mechanical rotors are utilized, which is relatively complex and costly. On the other hand, metamaterial (MTM) leaky wave antennas (LWAs) have a unique property of launching waves of different spectral components in different directions. This feature can be utilized to detect multiple targets at different locations to obtain their healthcare and location information accurately, without complex structure and high cost. To this end, this paper reviews the recent development of MTM LWA-based radar sensor architectures for vital sign detection and location tracking. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of MTM vital sign radar compared with different radar sensor architectures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial-Based Microwave Sensors)
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