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Separations
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Analysis of Complex Fossil Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC)
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Analysis of Complex Fossil Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC)

A special issue of Separations (ISSN 2297-8739).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 4050

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Marko Djokic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Interests: chemical reaction engineering; steam cracking, pyrolysis; instrumental analytical chemistry; separation techniques; analysis of complex petrochemical systems and biofuels; comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography; method development; method validation; online and offline sampling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) can already be called a mature hyphenated analytical technique which has rapidly gained importance over the last thirty years for the analysis of complex, among others, fossil samples. Because of its two-dimensional configuration, a significantly increased chromatographic separation and detectability are achieved, as well as roof-tile structured 2D chromatograms that remarkably improve chemical-class separation and interpretation. Excellent compatibility with detection techniques such as mass spectrometry, flame ionization detection, and many others, has made it a first choice when detailed characterization of fossils is concerned.

The present Special Issue, “Analysis of Complex Fossil Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC)”, aims to bring together some of the latest contributions in the field of detailed analysis of complex fossil using GC×GC. Attention is devoted to the most recent developments in modulation, column selection, detectors, software, and data processing of the technique.

Dr. Marko Djokic
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
  • petroleum
  • detailed characterization
  • hyphenated techniques
  • modulation
  • orthogonality
  • column combinations
  • high temperature gas chromatography
  • detection techniques
  • trace analysis
  • pixel based analysis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 6498 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Thermal and Flow-Based Modulation in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography—Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) for the Analysis of Base Oils
by Haleigh A. Boswell, Matthew Edwards and Tadeusz Górecki
Separations 2020, 7(4), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations7040070 - 4 Dec 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3650
Abstract
Base oils are produced by refining crude oil or through chemical synthesis. They are a key component of engine oils. With an immense range of carbon numbers and boiling points, analyzing such complex mixtures is very difficult. The need to monitor industrial petroleum [...] Read more.
Base oils are produced by refining crude oil or through chemical synthesis. They are a key component of engine oils. With an immense range of carbon numbers and boiling points, analyzing such complex mixtures is very difficult. The need to monitor industrial petroleum processing steps, as well as to identify petrochemical environmental pollutants, drives the search for improved characterization methods. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) is one of the best tools for that. The modulator used in GC × GC is responsible for trapping/sampling the first dimension (1D) column analytes, then reinjecting them in the form of narrow bands onto the second dimension (2D) column for further separation. Modulators used today generally fall into two categories, thermal and flow ones. Heater-based thermal modulators trap the 1D column effluent at or above ambient temperatures. Flow-based modulators utilize storage loop(s) to collect the 1D effluent, which is subsequently flushed into the second-dimension column for further separation. A single-stage, consumable-free thermal modulator and a reverse fill/flush flow modulator were compared for the characterization of base oils. Both were evaluated on their ability to achieve separation of several conventional and synthetic engine oils components. A reverse column set, polar 1D and nonpolar 2D, allowed group-type analysis of all classes, including linear, branched, and aromatic species. The results show the ability to achieve a comprehensive separation of specific compound classes and the differentiation of engine oil types and manufacturers. Soft ionization assisted in tentative identification of two alkylated diphenylamines in each sample. The advantages and limitations of both thermal and flow modulation are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Complex Fossil Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC))
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