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Most Cited

  • Review
  • Open Access
80 Citations
15,099 Views
36 Pages

26 June 2024

This review presents an investigation into the incremental advancements in the YOLO (You Only Look Once) architecture and its derivatives, with a specific focus on their pivotal contributions to improving quality inspection within the photovoltaic (P...

  • Review
  • Open Access
69 Citations
20,008 Views
40 Pages

A Review of Photovoltaic Module Failure and Degradation Mechanisms: Causes and Detection Techniques

  • Hussain Al Mahdi,
  • Paul G. Leahy,
  • Mohammad Alghoul and
  • Alan P. Morrison

9 January 2024

With the global increase in the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) modules in recent years, the need to explore and understand their reported failure mechanisms has become crucial. Despite PV modules being considered reliable devices, failures and extre...

  • Review
  • Open Access
51 Citations
21,263 Views
37 Pages

A Review of Solar Forecasting Techniques and the Role of Artificial Intelligence

  • Khadija Barhmi,
  • Chris Heynen,
  • Sara Golroodbari and
  • Wilfried van Sark

22 February 2024

Solar energy forecasting is essential for the effective integration of solar power into electricity grids and the optimal management of renewable energy resources. Distinguishing itself from the existing literature, this review study provides a nuanc...

  • Review
  • Open Access
48 Citations
17,536 Views
34 Pages

Integrating Solar Energy and Nature-Based Solutions for Climate-Neutral Urban Environments

  • Hai-Ying Liu,
  • Nikolaos Skandalos,
  • Liga Braslina,
  • Vasileios Kapsalis and
  • Dimitris Karamanis

13 July 2023

This study focuses on achieving climate neutrality in European cities by integrating solar energy technologies and nature-based solutions. Through an examination of current practices, emerging trends, and case examples, the study explores the benefit...

  • Review
  • Open Access
44 Citations
27,530 Views
28 Pages

8 January 2024

Food waste is one of the biggest challenges we are facing nowadays. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, approximately one-third of all food produced in the world is lost at some stage between production and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
6,402 Views
15 Pages

Simulation of Lead-Free Heterojunction CsGeI2Br/CsGeI3-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Using SCAPS-1D

  • Abraham Dimitri Kapim Kenfack,
  • Nicolas Matome Thantsha and
  • Mandla Msimanga

7 August 2023

This paper presents the simulation of the novel prototype of a heterojunction perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on CSGeI2Br/CSGeI3. The device consists of two absorber layers (CSGeI2Br, CSGeI3), an electron transport layer (ETL) chosen as TiO2 and a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
29 Citations
5,945 Views
21 Pages

1 December 2023

Detection of cracks in solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is crucial for optimal performance and long-term reliability. The development of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has significantly improved crack detection, offering improved accuracy and ef...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
15,843 Views
25 Pages

21 February 2025

The reliable operation of photovoltaic (PV) systems is essential for sustainable energy production, yet their efficiency is often compromised by defects such as bird droppings, cracks, and dust accumulation. Automated defect detection is critical for...

  • Review
  • Open Access
25 Citations
12,803 Views
25 Pages

7 June 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) technology plays a crucial role in the transition towards a low-carbon energy system, but the potential-induced degradation (PID) phenomenon can significantly impact the performance and lifespan of PV modules. PID occurs when a high...

  • Review
  • Open Access
22 Citations
8,649 Views
23 Pages

Doing More with Ambient Light: Harvesting Indoor Energy and Data Using Emerging Solar Cells

  • Johann Bouclé,
  • Daniel Ribeiro Dos Santos and
  • Anne Julien-Vergonjanne

20 March 2023

On one side, the capacity of the world’s photovoltaic (PV) systems is experiencing unprecedented growth; on the other side, the number of connected devices is rapidly increasing due to the development of advanced communication technologies. The...

  • Review
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,943 Views
24 Pages

Towards 30% Efficiency by 2030 of Eco-Designed Building Integrated Photovoltaics

  • Nikolaos Skandalos,
  • Vasileios Kapsalis,
  • Tao Ma and
  • Dimitris Karamanis

7 August 2023

The necessity of affordable and durable building-integrated photovoltaics has gained widespread importance for the renewable energy transition involving electrification and decarbonization in climate-neutral cities that possess many public health co-...

  • Review
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,215 Views
29 Pages

Enhanced Solar Photovoltaic System Management and Integration: The Digital Twin Concept

  • Olufemi Olayiwola,
  • Umit Cali,
  • Miles Elsden and
  • Poonam Yadav

6 March 2025

The rapid acceptance of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy across various countries has created a pressing need for more coordinated approaches to the sustainable monitoring and maintenance of these widely distributed installations. To address this chall...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,865 Views
21 Pages

1 November 2024

This study presents an advanced defect detection approach for solar cells using the YOLOv10 deep learning model. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset of 10,500 solar cell images annotated with 12 distinct defect types, our model integrates Compact Inve...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,441 Views
24 Pages

19 April 2023

The use of traditional Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is limited due to the use of toxic and non-environmentally safe solvents. In this review, water is proposed as a viable alternative to developing green chemistry and sustainable materials for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
7,350 Views
29 Pages

Economic Feasibility of Thermal Energy Storage-Integrated Concentrating Solar Power Plants

  • Darsha Jayathunga,
  • Jinendrika Anushi Weliwita,
  • Hirushie Karunathilake and
  • Sanjeeva Witharana

8 February 2023

Concentrating solar power (CSP) is a high-potential renewable energy source that can leverage various thermal applications. CSP plant development has therefore become a global trend. However, the designing of a CSP plant for a given solar resource co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
14,581 Views
15 Pages

18 May 2023

This work aimed to show the possibility of applying anthocyanins extracted from blueberries following a straightforward path as potential impregnation dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), particularly in the presence of co-adsorbents, such as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,322 Views
20 Pages

Laser Activation for Highly Boron-Doped Passivated Contacts

  • Saman Sharbaf Kalaghichi,
  • Jan Hoß,
  • Renate Zapf-Gottwick and
  • Jürgen H. Werner

12 July 2023

Passivated, selective contacts in silicon solar cells consist of a double layer of highly doped polycrystalline silicon (poly Si) and thin interfacial silicon dioxide (SiO2). This design concept allows for the highest efficiencies. Here, we report on...

  • Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,732 Views
30 Pages

Advances on Sb2Se3 Solar Cells Fabricated by Physical Vapor Deposition Techniques

  • Roberto Jakomin,
  • Stefano Rampino,
  • Giulia Spaggiari and
  • Francesco Pattini

12 October 2023

Sb2Se3, as an earth-abundant and low-toxic material, has emerged as one of the most interesting absorbers for clean renewable power generation technologies. Due to its optical properties, especially bandgap and absorption coefficient, the number of p...

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,910 Views
26 Pages

4 March 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic review of virtual reality (VR) as an innovative educational tool specifically for solar photovoltaic energy systems. VR technology, with its immersive and interactive capabilities, offers a unique pl...

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
6,595 Views
31 Pages

11 February 2025

The rapid proliferation of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells as a clean energy source has raised significant concerns regarding their end-of-life (EoL) management, particularly in terms of sustainability and waste reduction. This review comprehensively e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
11,994 Views
30 Pages

14 March 2024

Integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems plays a pivotal role in the global shift toward renewable energy, offering significant environmental benefits. However, the PV installation should provide financial benefits for the utilities. Considering that th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,293 Views
24 Pages

1 June 2023

This paper presents a new fractional-order proportional-integral, (PI)λ (FO[PI]) type structure to investigate the load frequency control (LFC) problem. In the literature, some controllers’ extensive tuning options may slow or complicate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,345 Views
16 Pages

Cu-Doped Sb2Se3 Thin-Film Solar Cells Based on Hybrid Pulsed Electron Deposition/Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering Growth Techniques

  • Roberto Jakomin,
  • Stefano Rampino,
  • Giulia Spaggiari,
  • Michele Casappa,
  • Giovanna Trevisi,
  • Elena Del Canale,
  • Enos Gombia,
  • Matteo Bronzoni,
  • Kodjo Kekeli Sossoe and
  • Francesco Pattini
  • + 1 author

4 February 2024

In recent years, research attention has increasingly focused on thin-film photovoltaics utilizing Sb2Se3 as an ideal absorber layer. This compound is favored due to its abundance, non-toxic nature, long-term stability, and the potential to employ var...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,276 Views
18 Pages

12 September 2024

Grid-connected PV inverters require sophisticated control procedures for smooth integration with the modern electrical grid. The ability of FCS-MPC to manage the discrete character of power electronic devices is highly acknowledged, since it enables...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
6,253 Views
22 Pages

15 September 2023

Despite abundant solar resources, Mali has remained one of the least electrified countries in the world. Besides daily life activities and the economy, the shortage of electricity has severely affected the quality of healthcare services in the countr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,753 Views
15 Pages

Infiltration of CsPbI3:EuI2 Perovskites into TiO2 Spongy Layers Deposited by gig-lox Sputtering Processes

  • Carlo Spampinato,
  • Paola La Magna,
  • Salvatore Valastro,
  • Emanuele Smecca,
  • Valentina Arena,
  • Corrado Bongiorno,
  • Giovanni Mannino,
  • Enza Fazio,
  • Carmelo Corsaro and
  • Alessandra Alberti
  • + 1 author

27 June 2023

Perovskite solar cells have become a popular alternative to traditional silicon solar cells due to their potential to provide high-efficiency, low-cost, and lightweight solar energy harvesting solutions. However, the multilayer architecture of perovs...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,949 Views
20 Pages

14 March 2025

In the decarbonization process, the solar energy sector will play a crucial role, representing one of the key technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In Italy, photovoltaics stands out as the fastest-growing energy sector, thanks to the c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,488 Views
17 Pages

Solar Resource and Energy Demand for Autonomous Solar Cooking Photovoltaic Systems in Kenya and Rwanda

  • João P. Cardoso,
  • António Couto,
  • Paula A. Costa,
  • Carlos Rodrigues,
  • Jorge Facão,
  • David Loureiro,
  • Anne Wambugu,
  • Sandra Banda,
  • Izael Da Silva and
  • Teresa Simões

5 September 2023

The challenges associated with traditional cooking methods in African countries, particularly the use of firewood and charcoal, which have negative impacts on the environment, health and human and economic development and safety, are addressed in thi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,907 Views
14 Pages

Impact of Flexibility Implementation on the Control of a Solar District Heating System

  • Manuel Betancourt Schwarz,
  • Mathilde Veyron and
  • Marc Clausse

27 December 2023

Renewable energy sources, distributed generation, multi-energy carriers, distributed storage, and low-temperature district heating systems, among others, are demanding a change in the way thermal networks are conceived, understood, and operated. Gove...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,108 Views
14 Pages

Albedo Reflection Modeling in Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules

  • Vincenzo d’Alessandro,
  • Santolo Daliento,
  • Mahmoud Dhimish and
  • Pierluigi Guerriero

5 November 2024

This paper focuses on the analytical modeling of albedo reflection in bifacial photovoltaic modules, with particular emphasis on the backside. First, we critically examine the approaches proposed in the literature, presenting them with a tutorial sty...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
10,425 Views
22 Pages

21 May 2024

Jordan faces significant, immediate challenges of enhancing energy security while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. One of the most promising approaches to achieve sustainable development, energy security, and environmental conservation is to incr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,834 Views
30 Pages

Towards Positive Energy Districts: Energy Renovation of a Mediterranean District and Activation of Energy Flexibility

  • Ilaria Marotta,
  • Thibault Péan,
  • Francesco Guarino,
  • Sonia Longo,
  • Maurizio Cellura and
  • Jaume Salom

6 May 2023

The paper presents the analysis of energy retrofitting, integration of renewable energy and activation of energy flexibility in a cluster of buildings in the surroundings of a port on the Mediterranean Sea in Southern Italy, with the aim of checking...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,327 Views
18 Pages

11 April 2023

Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal (CPVT) collectors are suitable for integration in limited roof space due to their higher solar conversion efficiency. Solar sunlight can be used more effectively by CPVT collectors in comparison to individual solar...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,087 Views
12 Pages

Overview of Energy Systems in Africa: A Comprehensive Review

  • Michael M. Santos,
  • Ana Teresa Vaz Ferreira and
  • João C. G. Lanzinha

8 November 2023

Africa has abundant solar resources but only 2% of its current capacity is generated from renewable sources. Photovoltaics (PV) offer sustainable, decentralized electricity access to meet development needs. This review synthesizes the recent literatu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,690 Views
23 Pages

8 October 2024

The optimization of photovoltaic (PV) systems is vital for enhancing efficiency and economic viability, especially under Partial Shading Conditions (PSCs). This study focuses on the development and comparison of traditional and advanced algorithms, i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,946 Views
22 Pages

27 May 2024

As the demand for renewable energy sources continues to increase, solar energy is becoming an increasingly popular option. Therefore, effective training in solar energy systems design and operation is crucial to ensure the successful implementation o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,801 Views
10 Pages

Exploring the Feasibility and Performance of Perovskite/Antimony Selenide Four-Terminal Tandem Solar Cells

  • Harigovind Menon,
  • Al Amin,
  • Xiaomeng Duan,
  • S. N. Vijayaraghavan,
  • Jacob Wall,
  • Wenjun Xiang,
  • Kausar Ali Khawaja and
  • Feng Yan

3 April 2024

The tandem solar cell presents a potential solution to surpass the Shockley–Queisser limit observed in single-junction solar cells. However, creating a tandem device that is both cost-effective and highly efficient poses a significant challenge...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,351 Views
38 Pages

11 October 2025

The term SHIP (solar heat for industrial processes) or SHIPs (solar heat for industrial plants) refers to the use of collected solar radiation for meeting industrial heat demands, rather than for electricity generation. The global thermal capacity of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
9,342 Views
21 Pages

25 July 2024

The Italian industrial sector contains 22% of the final energy demand due to the poor energy performance of manufacturing buildings. This proposed study aimed to evaluate retrofit interventions for existing industrial buildings integrating photovolta...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,267 Views
23 Pages

28 April 2024

Maryland is actively working towards doubling its Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) target, aiming to increase the share of renewable energy from 25% by 2020 to 50% by 2030. Furthermore, Maryland stands out as a state that strongly supports solar in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,088 Views
13 Pages

26 March 2024

We consider the restrictions on photovoltaic (PV) capacity that are caused by limitations on where panels can be sited and find quantitative evidence for the need for high efficiencies. We define 15% of the UK’s energy consumption as a “s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,122 Views
38 Pages

14 May 2024

This research develops and validates new decomposition models for hourly direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) estimations for Southern African data. Localised models were developed using data collected from the Southern African Universities Radiometric Net...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,011 Views
17 Pages

30 May 2025

Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are the best solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by fossil fuel combustion, with global capability now exceeding 714 GW due to rapid technological advances in solar panels (SPs). However, SPs’ efficiency a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,269 Views
33 Pages

24 October 2024

A novel spectral-corrected Performance Ratio calculation method that aligns the short-term Performance Ratio calculation to the annual calculated Performance Ratio is presented in this work. The spectral-corrected Performance Ratio allows short-term...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,234 Views
13 Pages

10 November 2023

Qatar’s ambitious Vision 2030 includes a major shift towards clean energy, and residential solar PV installation can be an obvious option, given its abundant sunlight and high power for residential cooling. Despite significant solar panel farm...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,198 Views
13 Pages

16 January 2025

The conventional unidirectional power flow model of centralized energy grids is being revolutionized by integrating renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic (PV) systems, to meet the escalating demand for electricity while ensuring sustain...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,242 Views
15 Pages

22 August 2024

This study presents a compact educational photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system designed for thorough performance assessment under simulated weather conditions. As an affordable educational tool, the system offers significant pedagogical value. The PV/T...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,718 Views
17 Pages

11 March 2024

Nanocrystalline silicon oxide (nc-SiOx:H) is a multipurpose material with varied applications in solar cells as a transparent front contact, intermediate reflector, back reflector layer, and even tunnel layer for passivating contacts, owing to the ea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,519 Views
16 Pages

Applying and Improving Pyranometric Methods to Estimate Sunshine Duration for Tropical Site

  • Tovondahiniriko Fanjirindratovo,
  • Didier Calogine,
  • Oanh Chau and
  • Olga Ramiarinjanahary

29 August 2024

The aim of this paper is to apply all the existing pyranometric methods to estimate the sunshine duration from global solar irradiation in order to find the most suitable method for a tropical site in its original form. Then, in a second step, one of...

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Solar - ISSN 2673-9941