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Energy and Climate Change Policy and Governance in Small Island States

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sustainability and Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2020) | Viewed by 19056

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Biden School of Public Policy and Administration, University of Delaware, DE 19716, USA
Interests: public policy design, implementation, and analysis; energy, environment; climate change; sustainability; small island states

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Guest Editor
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), United States
Interests: climate science; climate and risk management; integrating science into decision-making; U.S, Latin America and the Caribbean

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Guest Editor
Center for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES), The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
Interests: climate change; meteorlogy; climatology; coastal zone management; climate policy and negotiations

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Regardless of the size of an economy or the location of a country, all countries are affected by climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) notes that, “Some vulnerable regions, including Small Islands and least developed countries, are projected to experience high multiple interrelated climate risks even at global warming of 1.5°C” [1]. Although they are rich in renewable energy sources and can meet most, if not all, of their domestic energy needs through a combination of renewable energy technologies, small islands continue to struggle with energy security [2]. An island’s insularity, remoteness and susceptibility to economic shocks make them the first to experience climatic impacts on their economies and livelihood, and the heavy dependency on imported fuels accumulates massive national debt that handicaps ‘green’ economic transition. We are also faced with stark realities like ‘making opportunities from tragedy’, as we experience increasingly intense climate induced natural disasters, which, in the aftermath, present the opportunity to ‘build back better’ and install more resilient energy infrastructure [3].

Despite this, small islands have made steady progress by developing new policy frameworks and governance systems to meet the challenges of climate change adaptation, clean energy security and sustainable development. For this Special Issue we invite papers dedicated to advancing knowledge about decarbonizing the island energy sector to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change in the island context. Topics should revolve around policy design, analysis, assessment, implementation or evaluation including policy level instruments, tools and mechanisms, either proposed or deployed. Similarly, topics can focus on proposed or deployed governance systems, institutional arrangements, administration, tools, supports, and mechanisms of climate adaptation and energy security efforts.

We are particularly interested in papers linked to data and evidence-based research, narrowing the science–policy gap and strengthening the understanding of public–private partnerships, shared governance and other such current areas that are weak in the academic literature and community practice.

The first 10 papers written by SIDS authors, if accepted for publication will receive a 50% discount of APC fee, given the dedication of the Guest Editors and MDPI to highlight the work of researchers from these developing and low income countries.

References:

[1] IPCC, 2018: Summary for Policymakers. In: Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

[2] International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)(2016). A Path to Prosperity: Renewable Energy for islands. 3rd Edition.

[3] United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.  https://www.unisdr.org/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf

Prof. Kalim Shah
Dr. Roger Pulwarty
Prof. Leonard Nurse
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • climate policy
  • energy policy
  • small islands
  • governance
  • sustainability

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 1199 KiB  
Article
Application of an Institutional Assessment and Design (IAD)-Enhanced Integrated Regional Energy Policy and Planning (IREPP) Framework to Island States
by Kalim U. Shah, Sashwat Roy, Wei-Ming Chen, Keron Niles and Dinesh Surroop
Sustainability 2020, 12(7), 2765; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072765 - 1 Apr 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3595
Abstract
The integrated regional energy policy and planning (IREPP) framework was devised to evaluate the feasibility of energy policies in meeting declared national targets. While the framework advances the comprehensiveness of the feasibility assessment by bringing in concepts like environment economic equity, the muted [...] Read more.
The integrated regional energy policy and planning (IREPP) framework was devised to evaluate the feasibility of energy policies in meeting declared national targets. While the framework advances the comprehensiveness of the feasibility assessment by bringing in concepts like environment economic equity, the muted way in which institutional factors and capacity are addressed remains weak and ineffective. Here, we corrected this weakness by presenting an IREPP framework that is enhanced by integrating principles of the institutional assessment and design (IAD) framework. The IAD framework emphasizes the careful consideration of contextual factors, it draws attention to the full range of transaction costs, and does not presume a priori that one type of institutional arrangement. This IREPP-IAD framework was used to evaluate the feasibility of energy policies in three different island jurisdictions—Taiwan, Mauritius, and Trinidad and Tobago. With ambitious national targets, these islands are good testing grounds for this updated approach. Through qualitative comparative case study analysis, several institutional factors were found to play an influence if national energy policies are likely to meet set targets. These factors included: government/policy decision makers and the decision/policymaking environment; governance structure and commitment for energy policy; existing policy instruments and tools that are in play and those planned; polycentricity; stakeholder participation and community building; market dynamics; information transparency; pilot programs and technology innovations/research; compliance or responsibilities under the Paris Accord; grid connectivity and monitoring of the policy implementation progress. This study contributes in two ways. First, by providing a more robust framework for assessing institutional arrangements that moderate how energy policies are implemented and second, providing insightful assessments of the energy policies in three island jurisdictions, thereby increasing our understanding of island energy policymaking and implementation in these understudied geographies. Full article
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47 pages, 5935 KiB  
Article
Decarbonizing the Galapagos Islands: Techno-Economic Perspectives for the Hybrid Renewable Mini-Grid Baltra–Santa Cruz
by Andrea A. Eras-Almeida, Miguel A. Egido-Aguilera, Philipp Blechinger, Sarah Berendes, Estefanía Caamaño and Enrique García-Alcalde
Sustainability 2020, 12(6), 2282; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062282 - 14 Mar 2020
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 8151
Abstract
The fragile ecosystem of the Galapagos Islands is being affected by population growth, intensive tourism, the exploitation of local resources and the high consumption of imported fossil fuels. This unsustainable development model makes the provision of services such as electricity a challenge. This [...] Read more.
The fragile ecosystem of the Galapagos Islands is being affected by population growth, intensive tourism, the exploitation of local resources and the high consumption of imported fossil fuels. This unsustainable development model makes the provision of services such as electricity a challenge. This research investigates the hybrid renewable mini-grid Baltra–Santa Cruz, which represents 62% of the electricity generation mix of the archipelago. This study aims to support the Galapagos Zero Fossil Fuel Initiative and the Sustainable Development Goal 7 through the reduction in diesel consumption and electricity generation costs. To do so, HOMER Pro, a specialized hybrid renewable mini-grid planning tool, is used to perform several techno-economic assessments, focusing on different electricity demand scenarios. Therefore, multiple pathways are compared to identify the most reliable alternatives towards the progressive decarbonization of this hybrid system. The results indicate that installing 18.25 MWp of photovoltaic and 20.68 MWh of battery capacity could reduce the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) from 32.06 to 18.95 USc/kWh, increasing the renewable energy (RE) share from 18% to 39%. Additionally, the successful application of energy efficiency measures would even reduce the LCOE to 17.10 USc/kWh. What is more, distributed energy is considered the most attractive way to involve islanders in the energy transition process. Finally, this paper offers a comprehensive business model proposal to achieve a resilient energy supply, based on a combination of auctions and energy community models, which demands high political will, reliable and innovative regulations and social awareness about energy use. Full article
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18 pages, 2069 KiB  
Article
Unique Opportunities of Island States to Transition to a Low-Carbon Mobility System
by Zakia Soomauroo, Philipp Blechinger and Felix Creutzig
Sustainability 2020, 12(4), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041435 - 14 Feb 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 6645
Abstract
Small islands developing states (SIDS) contribute minuscule proportions to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption, but are highly exposed to climate change impacts, in particular to extreme weather events and sea-level rise. However, there is little research on potential decarbonization trajectories [...] Read more.
Small islands developing states (SIDS) contribute minuscule proportions to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption, but are highly exposed to climate change impacts, in particular to extreme weather events and sea-level rise. However, there is little research on potential decarbonization trajectories unique to SIDS. Here, we argue that insular topology, scale, and economy are distinctive characteristics of SIDS that facilitate overcoming carbon lock-in. We investigate these dimensions for the three islands of Barbados, Fiji, and Mauritius. We find that insular topologies and small scale offer an opportunity for both public transit corridors and rapid electrification of car fleets. The tourism sector enables local decision-makers and investors to experiment with shared mobility and to induce spillover effects by educating tourists about new mobility options. Limited network effects, and the particular economy thus enables to overcome carbon lock-in. We call for targeted investments into SIDS to transition insular mobility systems towards zero carbon in 2040. The decarbonization of SIDS is not only needed as a mitigation effort, but also as a strong signal to the global community underlining that a zero-carbon future is possible. Full article
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