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Sustainability
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Green Hydrogen Economics and Planning towards Carbon Neutrality
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Green Hydrogen Economics and Planning towards Carbon Neutrality

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 12162

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chuanbo Xu

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Interests: Hydrogen energy economics; integrated hydrogen energy system optimization; hydrogen energy infrastructure planning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jin Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: hydrogen energy systems; electric-hydrogen coupling systems; hydrogen-electric integration; high-temperature hydrogen energy systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yiming Ke

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Energy and Electricity Research Center, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China
Interests: Hydrogen energy economy and policy; hydrogen energy strategy and planning
Dr. Jiarong Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: Modeling of flexible P2X; macro planning of power-to-hydrogen coupling system

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the issues of climate change and environmental pollution, the development of clean and low-carbon energy has become the trend for global energy transition. Hydrogen energy is a type of efficient, clean and low-carbon secondary energy, and is regarded as one of the most potential energy sources in the 21st century. Many countries have attached great importance to the development of the hydrogen energy industry and raised it to the level of national energy strategy. Currently, hydrogen energy is categorized according to different colors depending on the intensity of carbon emissions in the production process. Hydrogen produced by dedicated electricity from renewable energy sources, known as green hydrogen, is a leading pathway to achieve carbon neutrality. Green hydrogen will play an essential role in the deep decarbonization of key sectors such as industry, heat, power and transportation. However, green hydrogen is currently unable to take off due to its high cost and imperfect top-level planning. The existing literature has not solved these problems well. Hence, it is necessary to study the economics and planning of the green hydrogen system. This Special Issue is devoted to the cutting-edge explorations on the economics and planning of green hydrogen. We welcome full-length articles and review articles including, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Levelized cost of green hydrogen;
  • Techno-economic planning of the green hydrogen system;
  • Capacity planning of hydrogen energy storage;
  • Coupling of electricity market, carbon market and hydrogen market;
  • Planning of sustainable hydrogen infrastructure and fuel cell vehicles;
  • Carbon reduction potential from green hydrogen application;
  • Policy management of green hydrogen development;
  • Blueprint for the development of green hydrogen.

Dr. Chuanbo Xu
Prof. Dr. Jin Lin
Dr. Yiming Ke
Dr. Jiarong Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cost of green hydrogen
  • integrated hydrogen energy system
  • hydrogen energy storage
  • hydrogen market
  • sustainable hydrogen infrastructure
  • fuel cell vehicle
  • carbon reduction potential
  • policy management
  • blueprint

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 3246 KiB  
Article
Investment Efficiency Assessment Model for Pumped Storage Power Plants Considering Grid Operation Demand under Fuzzy Environment: A Case Study in China
by Yan Lu, Xuan Liu, Yan Zhang, Zhiqiao Yang and Yunna Wu
Sustainability 2023, 15(11), 8724; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118724 - 29 May 2023
Viewed by 1101
Abstract
As China develops new power systems such as wind power, photovoltaic, pumped storage, and other clean energy installations, its clean energy ratio is steadily increasing. However, the high percentage of clean energy brought by the new power system does not make everything right. [...] Read more.
As China develops new power systems such as wind power, photovoltaic, pumped storage, and other clean energy installations, its clean energy ratio is steadily increasing. However, the high percentage of clean energy brought by the new power system does not make everything right. Clean energy sources such as wind, photovoltaics, pumped storage, and other sources are inevitably unstable, and they create large amounts of waste if they are not directly used. Additionally, at the peak of electricity consumption, if the power is not generated in time, it will negatively impact society. Therefore, the significance of building pumped storage power plants will be greatly enhanced. The scope of the text is evaluates the investment efficiency of pumped storage power plants. We selected data from North China region, Northeast China region, East China region, Central China region, Northwest China region, and Southern China region to comprehensively evaluate the return on investment of pumped storage power plants in six different regions. In order to solve this problem, this paper will use various models and algorithms, such as cloud model and AHP method to establish a set of evaluation indicators around three basic points to evaluate the benefits of pumped storage, and then use the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the level of each indicator. Finally, the benefits of establishing pumped storage power plants are comprehensively evaluated. Following the comprehensive evaluation, we have identified the efficiency scores of investing in pumped storage power plants in different regions of China, thus not only proving that pumped storage power plants have a broad market space in China, but also further proving where we should focus on building pumped storage power plants. Based on these criteria, a series of recommendations are made. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Hydrogen Economics and Planning towards Carbon Neutrality)
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23 pages, 4722 KiB  
Article
Configuration Optimization of Hydrogen-Based Multi-Microgrid Systems under Electricity Market Trading and Different Hydrogen Production Strategies
by Zhiming Lu, Youting Li, Guying Zhuo and Chuanbo Xu
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 6753; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086753 - 17 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1626
Abstract
Hydrogen-based multi-microgrid systems (HBMMSs) are beneficial for energy saving and emission reductions. However, the optimal sizing of HBMMSs lacks a practical configuration optimization model and a reasonable solution method. To address these problems, we designed a novel structure of HBMMSs that combines conventional [...] Read more.
Hydrogen-based multi-microgrid systems (HBMMSs) are beneficial for energy saving and emission reductions. However, the optimal sizing of HBMMSs lacks a practical configuration optimization model and a reasonable solution method. To address these problems, we designed a novel structure of HBMMSs that combines conventional energy, renewable energy, and a hydrogen energy subsystem. Then, we established a bi-level multi-objective capacity optimization model while considering electricity market trading and different hydrogen production strategies. The objective of the inner model, which is the minimum annual operation cost, and the three objectives of the outer model, which are the minimum total annual cost (TAC); the annual carbon emission (ACE); and the maximum self-sufficiency rate (SSR), are researched simultaneously. To solve the above optimization model, a two-stage solution method, which considers the conflicts between objectives and the objectivity of objective weights, is proposed. Finally, a case study is performed. The results show that when green hydrogen production strategies are adopted, the three objectives of the best configuration optimization scheme are USD 404.987 million, 1.106 million tons, and 0.486, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Hydrogen Economics and Planning towards Carbon Neutrality)
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18 pages, 1285 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Criteria Framework for Sustainability Evaluation of Hydrogen-Based Multi-Microgrid Systems under Triangular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Environment
by Zhiming Lu and Youting Li
Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 3708; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043708 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1285
Abstract
Developing hydrogen-based multi-microgrid systems (HBMMSs) is vital to the low-carbon energy transition, which can promote the utilization of renewable energy and reduce carbon emissions. However, there have been no studies presenting a sustainability evaluation of HBMSSs. Multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods are widely used [...] Read more.
Developing hydrogen-based multi-microgrid systems (HBMMSs) is vital to the low-carbon energy transition, which can promote the utilization of renewable energy and reduce carbon emissions. However, there have been no studies presenting a sustainability evaluation of HBMSSs. Multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods are widely used to perform a sustainability evaluation. This paper develops a triangular intuitionistic fuzzy framework to make a comprehensive evaluation of HBMMSs from the perspective of sustainability. Firstly, a sustainability evaluation criteria system including economic, social, environmental, technical, and coordination criteria is established. Secondly, the paper proposes a hybrid fuzzy decision-making method. A triangular intuitionistic fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory technique is used to analyze the correlation between criteria and sub-criteria and provides a basis for determining their fuzzy densities. A ranking method combining the triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number, fuzzy measure, and Choquet integral is used to rank the alternatives and choose an optimal one. Moreover, a case study is performed to validate the practicability of the developed framework. Finally, sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, and comparative analysis are conducted to verify the robustness and effectiveness of the framework. As such, this study provides a guide for evaluating the sustainability of HBMMSs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Hydrogen Economics and Planning towards Carbon Neutrality)
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21 pages, 3952 KiB  
Article
What Is the Policy Effect of Coupling the Green Hydrogen Market, National Carbon Trading Market and Electricity Market?
by Hao-Ran Wang, Tian-Tian Feng, Yan Li, Hui-Min Zhang and Jia-Jie Kong
Sustainability 2022, 14(21), 13948; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142113948 - 27 Oct 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2964
Abstract
Green hydrogen has become the key to social low-carbon transformation and is fully linked to zero carbon emissions. The carbon emissions trading market is a policy tool used to control carbon emissions using a market-oriented mechanism. Building a modular carbon trading center for [...] Read more.
Green hydrogen has become the key to social low-carbon transformation and is fully linked to zero carbon emissions. The carbon emissions trading market is a policy tool used to control carbon emissions using a market-oriented mechanism. Building a modular carbon trading center for the hydrogen energy industry would greatly promote the meeting of climate targets. Based on this, a “green hydrogen market—national carbon trading market–electricity market” coupling mechanism is designed. Then, the “green hydrogen market—national carbon trading market–electricity market” mechanism is modeled and simulated using system dynamics. The results are as follows: First, coupling between the green hydrogen market, carbon trading market and electricity market can be realized through green hydrogen certification and carbon quota trading. It is found that the coupling model is feasible through simulation. Second, simulation of the basic scenario finds that multiple-market coupling can stimulate an increase in carbon price, the control of thermal power generation and an increase in green hydrogen production. Finally, the proportion of the green hydrogen certification, the elimination mechanism of outdated units and the quota auction mechanism will help to form a carbon pricing mechanism. This study enriches the green hydrogen trading model and establishes a multiple-market linkage mechanism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Hydrogen Economics and Planning towards Carbon Neutrality)
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17 pages, 2546 KiB  
Article
Economic-Environmental-Social Benefits Assessment of Wind Power Hydrogen Production Project Based on Cloud-MULTIMOORA Approach
by Han Chu, Jiaming He, Yisheng Yang, Yong Huang, Shiman Wang and Yunna Wu
Sustainability 2022, 14(15), 9118; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159118 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1692
Abstract
This study explores methods to assess the benefits of WPHPP from three aspects: economic, environmental, and social. Decarbonization has become an inevitable trend in the electricity generation industry. Storage integrated renewable energy generation plants have enhanced the stability of the output of renewable [...] Read more.
This study explores methods to assess the benefits of WPHPP from three aspects: economic, environmental, and social. Decarbonization has become an inevitable trend in the electricity generation industry. Storage integrated renewable energy generation plants have enhanced the stability of the output of renewable energy to a certain degree. Wind power hydrogen production projects (WPHPPs) could be a promising solution to the Chinese government’s peak carbon dioxide emissions goal. To achieve this goal, an evaluation system consisting of 12 main benefits factors is established. Then, an assessment approach based on Cloud-MULTIMOORA is proposed to select the best alternative. Specifically, HELTS-Cloud model is used to describe the information given by decision-makers and experts. Then, the SWARA and CRITIC methods are applied to obtain the subjective and objective weights. Additionally, a constrained optimization model is introduced to obtain the comprehensive weights. Finally, the MULTIMOORA-EDA method is used to obtain the final ranking of alternatives. Additionally, a case study is made to certify the usability and feasibility of the proposed method. This paper provides a method for assessing the benefits of WPHPP and promotes the application of this new kind of green energy project in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Hydrogen Economics and Planning towards Carbon Neutrality)
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18 pages, 4045 KiB  
Article
Potential Hydrogen Market: Value-Added Services Increase Economic Efficiency for Hydrogen Energy Suppliers
by Wenhui Zhao, Jibin Ma, Zhanyang Wang, Youting Li and Weishi Zhang
Sustainability 2022, 14(8), 4804; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084804 - 17 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2090
Abstract
Hydrogen energy is a clean, zero-carbon, long-term storage, flexible and efficient secondary energy. Accelerating the development of the hydrogen energy industry is a strategic choice to cope with global climate change, achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, and realize high-quality economic and social [...] Read more.
Hydrogen energy is a clean, zero-carbon, long-term storage, flexible and efficient secondary energy. Accelerating the development of the hydrogen energy industry is a strategic choice to cope with global climate change, achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, and realize high-quality economic and social development. This study aimed to analyze the economic impact of introducing value-added services to the hydrogen energy market on hydrogen energy suppliers. Considering the network effect of value-added services, this study used a two-stage game model to quantitatively analyze the revenue of hydrogen energy suppliers under different scenarios and provided the optimal decision. The results revealed that (1) the revenue of a hydrogen energy supplier increases only if the intrinsic value of value-added services exceeds a certain threshold; (2) the revenue of hydrogen energy suppliers is influenced by a combination of four key factors: the intrinsic value of value-added services, network effects, user scale, and the sales strategies of rivals; (3) the model developed in this paper can provide optimal decisions for hydrogen energy suppliers to improve their economic efficiency and bring more economic investment to hydrogen energy market in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Hydrogen Economics and Planning towards Carbon Neutrality)
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