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Micro and Macroeconomic Determinants of Productivity Growth and Long-Term Sustainable Development in Central European Economies

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 October 2021) | Viewed by 37374

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Market and Consumption, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Interests: microeconomics; institutional economics; financial markets; total factor productivity in the knowledge-based economy, sustainability of organization; counterproductive work behavior in the reality of digital economy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For the past three decades, Central European economies have come a long way—from ineffective, centrally planned economies to quite stable and relatively fact growing markets. These economies have managed to build a relatively effective macroeconomic governance within modern and up-to-date institutions, which have enabled the region to join the European Union. The emergence of dynamic market economies and the process of quick modernization have been driven by external forces, such as the inflow of foreign direct investment and expansion of global corporations in the region, and the effect of microeconomic factors, such as activities of relatively well-educated citizens, with great entrepreneurial potential or long term institutional determinants, which were not destroyed during the few decades of communism. Their efforts have enabled Central European economies and enterprises to reach a trajectory of quick and, to a great extent, sustainable development. The stability and microeconomics and macroeconomics abilities for sustainable long-term growth were confirmed after the global financial crisis of the year 2008, and to a great extent, they are being confirmed by the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis. However, the enterprises of the region and the whole economies from the long-term perspective tend to face new challenges, such as the issue of the middle-income trap or keeping high competitive potential of national companies in the environment, where the easy to implement sources of growth are not available any more. Therefore, the main objective of the current Special Issue is to provide insights into the micro and macroeconomic determinants of building a sustainable economic environment in Central European economies. The main topics can concentrate on the following issues within the special perspective of Central European economies:

a) Micro and managerial perspective:

- Microeconomic determinants of building socio-economic stability and well-being;

- Managerial and organizational changes increasing short- and long-term enterprise productivity growth;

- Managerial approach to building strategies based on work and balance of employees’ concepts;

- Application of CSR for increasing the competitive potential of small and medium enterprises;

- Determinants of sustainable internationalization of medium enterprises;

b) Macroeconomic perspective

- The case studies on the effectiveness of sustainable growth programs financing;

- Macroeconomic factors of eco-modernization of national economies;

- Process of modernization of energetic national systems within the objectives of keeping national security;

- Micro and macro polices aimed at avoiding middle income trap.

Dr. Adam P. Balcerzak
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • productivity growth
  • middle income trap
  • organizational changes
  • sustainable internationalization
  • micro and macro sustainability
  • CSR

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2413 KiB  
Article
Spatial Diversity of Organic Farming in Poland
by Małgorzata Kobylińska
Sustainability 2021, 13(16), 9335; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169335 - 19 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2164
Abstract
Economic development requires following the principles of sustainable development for the socio-economic progress of a country. The organic farming sector is important in ensuring sustainable development. The advancement of organic farming is an important issue which combines the environment, human health and socio-economic [...] Read more.
Economic development requires following the principles of sustainable development for the socio-economic progress of a country. The organic farming sector is important in ensuring sustainable development. The advancement of organic farming is an important issue which combines the environment, human health and socio-economic development. It is a management method that facilitates supplying high-quality food products and aims at eliminating the use of artificial fertilisers and pesticides. Organic farming has a beneficial impact on natural environmental protection, biodiversity conservation and food safety and quality improvement. The natural conditions in a region have a decisive impact on organic farming development. The purpose of this study is to assess the spatial diversity of organic farming and selected organic crop production in Poland by voivodship in 2013 and 2018. The statistical analysis of organic farming spatial diversity was conducted in a one- and two-dimensional approach. The analysis conducted made it possible to identify four clusters of voivodships based on the production volume of selected organic crops using the k-means algorithm. Graphs of observation depth contours in a sample were used to visualise and to analyse the two-dimensional data. STATISTICA software and selected packages of the R environment, available under the GPL licence, were used in the analysis. The analysis shows that the organic farm number and acreage in Poland is characterised by considerable variability between voivodships, with their noticeable concentration in several country regions. In the analysed years, organic farming was the most widespread in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship and the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship. Full article
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24 pages, 2625 KiB  
Article
Indicators of the Tourist Attractiveness of Urban–Rural Communes and Sustainability of Peripheral Areas
by Natalia Świdyńska and Mirosława Witkowska-Dąbrowska
Sustainability 2021, 13(12), 6968; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126968 - 21 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2640
Abstract
The elements which determine a peripheral area’s level of tourist attractiveness, such as tourist infrastructure and tourist values, should be developed in urban–rural communes in peripheral areas, where tourism may be one of the forces capable of stimulating sustainable development. This study covered [...] Read more.
The elements which determine a peripheral area’s level of tourist attractiveness, such as tourist infrastructure and tourist values, should be developed in urban–rural communes in peripheral areas, where tourism may be one of the forces capable of stimulating sustainable development. This study covered urban–rural communes of the province of Warmia and Mazury in Poland. Urban–rural communes are specific areas where urban–rural linkages are often important. The research was carried out in accordance with Hellwig’s taxonomic development pattern method. The study found no complementary relationship between tourism values and tourism infrastructure with regards to creating tourism attractiveness. Tourism attractiveness was found to be more affected by tourism infrastructure. However, in units with larger urban centers, tourist values were found to significantly contribute to tourist attractiveness. The presented results provide a good basis for further research on the impact of global trends on regional development. At the same time, the analyzed framework provides guidance for ensuring the development of local tourism, and the study’s suggested priorities and measures could lead to the development of tourism in peripheral regions, which should in turn attract new investments, create new jobs, and thus develop the economy and the welfare of the population. Full article
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21 pages, 321 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Financial Literacy on Sustainable Entrepreneurship
by Alberto Burchi, Bogdan Włodarczyk, Marek Szturo and Duccio Martelli
Sustainability 2021, 13(9), 5070; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095070 - 30 Apr 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 8231
Abstract
Entrepreneurship contributes to the economic well-being of every country. Specifically, the level of individual entrepreneurship is crucial in the process of developing and building economic potential, especially in Central European countries. Among the several factors impacting entrepreneurship, the ability to access the necessary [...] Read more.
Entrepreneurship contributes to the economic well-being of every country. Specifically, the level of individual entrepreneurship is crucial in the process of developing and building economic potential, especially in Central European countries. Among the several factors impacting entrepreneurship, the ability to access the necessary external sources of financing need to be considered crucial. The financial literacy of the entrepreneur plays a crucial role in the relationship between the lender and the borrower. In this paper, we investigate the effects of financial literacy on sustainable entrepreneurship. We based our analysis on the framework proposed by the World Economic Forum. We present an OLS model that adopts entrepreneurship, financial literacy and macroeconomic variables. The analysis is carried out on individual and national data from different sources of information (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, World Bank, and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). The results show a positive and statistically significant relationship between financial literacy and sustainable entrepreneurial activity. This evidence supports the increasing number of financial education initiatives and the inclusion of topics related to economic and financial culture in school education systems. We identify internationally valid policy implications. In the context of the growth strategies of Central European countries, financial literacy takes on even greater importance. The introduction of financial education in the national curricula could strengthen entrepreneurial skills and accelerate the inclusive growth process across Europe. Full article
15 pages, 1756 KiB  
Article
Cittaslow Idea as a New Proposition to Stimulate Sustainable Local Development
by Zbigniew Brodziński and Krystyna Kurowska
Sustainability 2021, 13(9), 5039; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095039 - 30 Apr 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3133
Abstract
The idea of “good quality of life” cities was introduced to Poland in 2006, when the Polish National Cittaslow City Network was founded i.a. by Lidzbark Warmiński. In the context of popularizing the idea—slow-style of life—it was decided to undertake research aimed at [...] Read more.
The idea of “good quality of life” cities was introduced to Poland in 2006, when the Polish National Cittaslow City Network was founded i.a. by Lidzbark Warmiński. In the context of popularizing the idea—slow-style of life—it was decided to undertake research aimed at identifying the influence of the Cittaslow concept on the initiation of actions that have a positive impact on local sustainable development. Referring to the main objective of the study, the hypothesis was accepted stating that membership in the Cittaslow network has a positive impact on the local development of the city, as it is a source of new projects undertaken by the authorities that improve the quality of life of the inhabitants and at the same time are implemented with the participation of local communities. The hypothesis was verified in a survey conducted in 2017 and 2019 among the residents of the city of Lidzbark Warmiński, using a questionnaire. As the research shows and the research of other authors confirms, the quality of life in cities belonging to the Cittaslow network has significantly improved over the last few years. Residents also assessed the degree of satisfaction of their needs and the level of development of the local city against other cities in the region. Obtaining the opinion of residents regarding the Cittaslow network as a direction of local sustainable development, as well as assessing its impact on the quality of life of the urban community turned out to be important from the perspective of further analysis. This issue is important because the idea of the international association Cittaslow is to promote the potential of smaller towns as an alternative to living in big cities, the rush and progressive globalization. Cities in the network are committed to sustainable development by shaping a conscious urban policy, the right relationship between economic growth, the environment and improving the quality of life of residents. Full article
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13 pages, 287 KiB  
Article
Employment Diversification as a Determinant of Economic Resilience and Sustainability in Provincial Cities
by Marcin Bogdański
Sustainability 2021, 13(9), 4861; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094861 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2722
Abstract
Differentiated response of selected economies to the global economic crisis caused by the collapse of the real estate market in the United States has drawn the attention of economists to the concept of economic resilience. At the same time, once again, it showed [...] Read more.
Differentiated response of selected economies to the global economic crisis caused by the collapse of the real estate market in the United States has drawn the attention of economists to the concept of economic resilience. At the same time, once again, it showed the importance of analysing and creating suitable conditions for sustainable development. Resilient economies are less exposed to the risk of economic crises or slowdowns, which is vital for ensuring stable incomes and high level of living standards. Therefore, the presented analysis was aimed at evaluating the level of economic resilience of provincial cities in Poland in relation to the situation on their labour markets. For this purposes, selected measures of the variation in the distribution feature (e.g., coefficient of variation) and the degree of structure diversification of the examined feature (Amemiya’s index) were used. Subsequently, using correlation analysis, the research determined whether any relationships could be observed between the investigated variables. The results of the research indicate that for provincial cities sub-regions in Poland, a statistically significant, moderate negative correlation could be observed between the degree of employment structure diversification in 2009 and the scale and scope of the collapse in the number of employed persons in subsequent years. This suggests that a high level of employment diversification restricted the level of economic resilience in this case. Full article
13 pages, 308 KiB  
Article
Identification of the Relationships between Competitive Potential and Competitive Position of the Food Industry in the European Union
by Katarzyna Łukiewska and Małgorzata Juchniewicz
Sustainability 2021, 13(8), 4160; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084160 - 8 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2397
Abstract
The competitiveness of the food industry, which is among the most important areas in the Central European economy, is a significant and topical research area in economics. The sector is particularly important for long-term sustainable growth in Central European national economies. Its high [...] Read more.
The competitiveness of the food industry, which is among the most important areas in the Central European economy, is a significant and topical research area in economics. The sector is particularly important for long-term sustainable growth in Central European national economies. Its high competitiveness is an important stabiliser in an environment of global economic instability. This study aimed to assess the relationships between elements of competitive potential and the competitive position of the food industry in E.U. countries. The relationships between these categories were examined using econometric models with the use of panel data. The results of the spatial-temporal modelling of the panel data confirmed the significant impact of production potential on the share of exports, profitability and the synthetic competitive position index, the impact of labour productivity on all analysed competitive position ratios, the impact of labour costs on the trade coverage, profitability and overall competitive position and the positive impact of innovation on profitability. It was found that labour productivity was of the greatest importance in building a competitive position. The results of the research can be used by food industry companies and government authorities in creating competitive advantages for the food industry in international markets. Full article
19 pages, 378 KiB  
Article
CSR Statements in International and Czech Luxury Fashion Industry at the Onset and during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Slowing Down the Fast Fashion Business?
by Radka MacGregor Pelikánová, Tereza Němečková and Robert K. MacGregor
Sustainability 2021, 13(7), 3715; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073715 - 26 Mar 2021
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 11176
Abstract
COVID-19 leads to a reinforced need to address sustainability at the economic, environmental, and social pillars, and the six categories of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of businesses, that is, their self-commitment to integrate sustainability in their policies and strategies and to become more [...] Read more.
COVID-19 leads to a reinforced need to address sustainability at the economic, environmental, and social pillars, and the six categories of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of businesses, that is, their self-commitment to integrate sustainability in their policies and strategies and to become more effective and efficient. Luxury fashion businesses refer heavily but not identically, to their CSR, by formally issuing CSR reports and Codes of Ethics, and informally voicing their pro-CSR statements. Then, the COVID-19 pandemic hit and brought important changes. This burning issue translates into three objectives in this paper—assessing the CSR statements of International and Czech Luxury Fashion Industry businesses (i) at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, (ii) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (iii) identifying new trends. To address them, a holistic and interdisciplinary case study exploration was performed entailing 10 International Luxury Fashion businesses and 10 Czech Luxury Fashion businesses. The resulting data were explored via Meta-Analysis and content analysis, teleological interpretations, etc. The critical and comparative review revealed six interesting trends indicating a shift in perception of sustainability and CSR caused by COVID-19. The review offers propositions for how the COVID-19 threats could become an opportunity for rebuilding this industry. Full article
12 pages, 275 KiB  
Article
Economic Aspects of Shrinking Cities in Poland in the Context of Regional Sustainable Development
by Anna Wichowska
Sustainability 2021, 13(6), 3104; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063104 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2911
Abstract
Two trends are observed in contemporary cities around the world: whereas some urban areas develop rapidly and experience population growth, a steady population decline is noted in other cities. Demographic changes in urban areas are also accompanied by economic changes. These changes constitute [...] Read more.
Two trends are observed in contemporary cities around the world: whereas some urban areas develop rapidly and experience population growth, a steady population decline is noted in other cities. Demographic changes in urban areas are also accompanied by economic changes. These changes constitute a very serious challenge for sustainable regional growth. However, these problems have not been sufficiently investigated to date, including in Poland. The aim of this study was to identify shrinking cities in Poland and the phenomena that are related to the economic aspects of urban shrinkage in Poland. Empirical research relied on analysis of the population growth rate in Polish urban municipalities, and the phenomena related to the economic aspects of urban shrinkage were identified by multiple linear regression analysis. The period of research was 2003–2019. Thirty-three Polish cities experienced a steady population decline. The economic phenomena related to urban shrinkage included changes in own-source revenues, proportions of government transfers in municipal budgets, unemployment, migration, municipal spending on education, transport, communications, and social welfare. Population decline was not related to changes in the age-dependency ratio, public spending on housing, the number of companies, or the number of vacant homes in cities. The research results can be a source of important information for regional sustainable growth policies used not only in cities and regions in Poland, but also in other Central and Eastern European countries where this phenomenon occurs. Full article
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