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712 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Dynamics of Brownfield Redevelopment

by Todd K. BenDor, Sara S. Metcalf and Mark Paich

Sustainability 2011, 3(6), 914-936; https://doi.org/10.3390/su3060914 - 23 Jun 2011

Cited by 51 | Viewed by 16201

Negligence of former industrial sites (“brownfields”) has adversely impacted urban landscapes throughout the industrialized world. Brownfield redevelopment has recently emerged as a sustainable land use strategy and impetus for urban revitalization. This study presents a system dynamics model of the redevelopment process that [...] Read more.

Negligence of former industrial sites (“brownfields”) has adversely impacted urban landscapes throughout the industrialized world. Brownfield redevelopment has recently emerged as a sustainable land use strategy and impetus for urban revitalization. This study presents a system dynamics model of the redevelopment process that illustrates how delays compound before realizing financial benefits from investment in these core urban areas. We construct a dynamic hypothesis, in which brownfield redevelopment activities are dependent upon funding and in turn bolster tax base through job creation. Drawing on previous studies, barriers to brownfield redevelopment are explored, including fear of liability, regulatory concerns, and uncertain cleanup standards and funding mechanisms. We model a case study of redevelopment in the State of Michigan (USA), which is informed by data from the Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) and U.S. Conference of Mayors brownfield surveys. Stock-flow structures represent phases of redevelopment, with diverted streams for sites in which no contamination was found (false alarms) and those with excess contamination level. The model is used to examine the point at which cumulative tax revenues from redeveloped areas exceed cumulative expenditures on brownfield redevelopment under different levels of funding availability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue System Dynamics Simulation of Environmental and Resource Sustainability)

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432 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Water Resource Management and Participatory System Dynamics. Case Study: Developing the Palouse Basin Participatory Model

by Allyson Beall, Fritz Fiedler, Jan Boll and Barbara Cosens

Sustainability 2011, 3(5), 720-742; https://doi.org/10.3390/su3050720 - 27 Apr 2011

Cited by 57 | Viewed by 14060

Abstract

The complexity of explaining highly scientific information and juggling a plethora of social values is leading agencies and communities such as those in the Palouse Basin to explore the use of participatory modeling processes using system dynamics. Participatory system dynamics as a methodology [...] Read more.

The complexity of explaining highly scientific information and juggling a plethora of social values is leading agencies and communities such as those in the Palouse Basin to explore the use of participatory modeling processes using system dynamics. Participatory system dynamics as a methodology creates a transparent nexus of science, policy options, social concerns and local knowledge that enhances discussion of issues surrounding the use of natural resources. The process of developing a systems model uses the tenets of scientific theory, hypothesis testing and clear statements of assumptions. A unique aspect of the Palouse basin project is the use of system dynamics to describe ground water dynamics in a sole source confined aquifer system. There are, as of yet, no standards for analyzing participatory modeling projects, therefore, we use case study analysis to describe the process, insights and qualitative measurements of success. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue System Dynamics Simulation of Environmental and Resource Sustainability)

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328 KiB

Open AccessArticle

System Dynamics Modeling of Individual Transferable Quota Fisheries and Suggestions for Rebuilding Stocks

by Edward J. Garrity

Sustainability 2011, 3(1), 184-215; https://doi.org/10.3390/su3010184 - 12 Jan 2011

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 15164 | Correction

Abstract

This paper develops a system dynamics model of Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) systems in order to differentiate ITQ from total allowable catch (TAC) effects and to identify areas where policy changes and management improvement may be most effective. ITQ systems provide incentives for [...] Read more.

This paper develops a system dynamics model of Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) systems in order to differentiate ITQ from total allowable catch (TAC) effects and to identify areas where policy changes and management improvement may be most effective. ITQ systems provide incentives for long-term stewardship but when fisheries are managed “at the edge,” the incentives are inadequate for stock rebuilding. The free-market design of ITQ systems means that fishermen may be in conflict with the long-run, public sustainability goals of fishery management. An adaptive control scheme with a contingent public/private transfer payment is proposed to improve long-term results for both the local community and the general public. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue System Dynamics Simulation of Environmental and Resource Sustainability)

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168 KiB

Open AccessArticle

T21-Ohio, a System Dynamics Approach to Policy Assessment for Sustainable Development: A Waste to Profit Case Study

by Emrah Cimren, Andrea Bassi and Joseph Fiksel

Sustainability 2010, 2(9), 2814-2832; https://doi.org/10.3390/su2092814 - 6 Sep 2010

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 13662

Abstract

A new system dynamics tool, T21-Ohio, was developed to support integrated and comprehensive development planning at the state level. Based on the Threshold 21 (T21) framework, T21-Ohio provides insights into the potential impacts of energy and environmental policies across a wide range of [...] Read more.

A new system dynamics tool, T21-Ohio, was developed to support integrated and comprehensive development planning at the state level. Based on the Threshold 21 (T21) framework, T21-Ohio provides insights into the potential impacts of energy and environmental policies across a wide range of sectors, and reveals how different strategies interact with one another to achieve planned goals and objectives. This paper shows how T21-Ohio was used to model the broader social, economic and environmental impacts of “waste to profit” activities in Ohio, such as recycling, electricity generation from waste, and bio-fuel production. Three alternative scenarios were simulated to evaluate the impacts of biomass co-firing, government stimulus for solid waste recycling, and by-product synergy activities. The results of the three scenario analyses indicate significant potential for economic development and creation of jobs while reducing emissions and waste. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue System Dynamics Simulation of Environmental and Resource Sustainability)

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470 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Participatory System Dynamics Modeling for Sustainable Environmental Management: Observations from Four Cases

by Krystyna Stave

Sustainability 2010, 2(9), 2762-2784; https://doi.org/10.3390/su2092762 - 2 Sep 2010

Cited by 136 | Viewed by 15652

Abstract

Sustainable environmental management requires a decision support approach that accounts for dynamic connections between social and ecological systems, integrates stakeholder deliberation with scientific analysis, incorporates diverse stakeholder knowledge, and fosters relationships among stakeholders that can accommodate changing information and changing social and environmental [...] Read more.

Sustainable environmental management requires a decision support approach that accounts for dynamic connections between social and ecological systems, integrates stakeholder deliberation with scientific analysis, incorporates diverse stakeholder knowledge, and fosters relationships among stakeholders that can accommodate changing information and changing social and environmental conditions. Participatory system dynamics modeling provides such a framework. It supports stakeholder learning about the system and the perspectives of other stakeholders, and can help build social capital among stakeholders. Four cases of participatory system dynamics modeling, which range from no to full participant involvement in model development, support the idea that greater social capital development results from greater participation in model development, but also suggest that even the simplest use of simulation models in a group fosters stakeholder learning about the system through surprise and discovery. To maximize the learning value of simulation models, it is important to allow enough time for debriefing the “aha!” moments that lead to curiosity about system behavior. To maximize social capital development, it is important to build enough time into the problem structuring and model conceptualization phases for stakeholders to articulate their mental models and examine those of other participants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue System Dynamics Simulation of Environmental and Resource Sustainability)

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264 KiB

Open AccessArticle

System Dynamics Modeling of the Massachusetts SREC Market

by Hilary Flynn, Dwayne Breger, Andrew Belden, Asmeret Bier, Chad Laurent, Natalie Andrews and Wilson Rickerson

Sustainability 2010, 2(9), 2746-2761; https://doi.org/10.3390/su2092746 - 31 Aug 2010

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 10619

Abstract

As states across the country struggle to increase local development of renewable energy, policymakers are turning to innovative program designs to meet their renewable electricity targets. Massachusetts recently adopted a unique, auction-based price support mechanism for the solar portion of its renewable portfolio [...] Read more.

As states across the country struggle to increase local development of renewable energy, policymakers are turning to innovative program designs to meet their renewable electricity targets. Massachusetts recently adopted a unique, auction-based price support mechanism for the solar portion of its renewable portfolio standard. During the program development process, the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources (DOER) used system dynamics to simulate potential solar renewable energy certificate market conditions under the proposed regulations. The modeling exercise resulted in several program design changes that will lead to a more stable certificate market. System dynamics can be a useful tool for developing and improving sustainability programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue System Dynamics Simulation of Environmental and Resource Sustainability)

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765 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Learning from the Neighbors: Economic and Environmental Impacts from Intensive Shrimp Farming in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

by Thuy T.H. Nguyen and Andrew Ford

Sustainability 2010, 2(7), 2144-2162; https://doi.org/10.3390/su2072144 - 14 Jul 2010

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 13334

Abstract

Intensive shrimp farming is a lucrative and highly risky business. Before entering this industry, most farmers spend time observing the operation of pilot farms. This stage is important to master essential techniques and judge the profitability and risk associated with shrimp farming. Learning [...] Read more.

Intensive shrimp farming is a lucrative and highly risky business. Before entering this industry, most farmers spend time observing the operation of pilot farms. This stage is important to master essential techniques and judge the profitability and risk associated with shrimp farming. Learning is a complex process that leads to misconceptions about the nature of short-term and long-term risks. This paper uses computer simulation to illuminate the dynamic nature of the learning processes, land conversion, shrimp production and environmental contamination. The model is based on conditions of the Dai Hoa Loc Commune in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Initial simulations match statistical data by revealing the high risk: high initial profits from the pilot farms followed by conversion from rice land to shrimp farms. When rapid conversion occurs, the region is vulnerable to excessive accumulation of nutrients, a decline in shrimp yields and financial failure. In contrast, low stock densities deliver a lower profit which is insufficient to stimulate mass land conversion. The paper concludes with testing recovery strategies for farmers who have suffered the longer term impacts of high stocking density. Results show that yield recovery is possible by improving the channel and imposing regulatory control over stocking density. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue System Dynamics Simulation of Environmental and Resource Sustainability)

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483 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The System Dynamics of Forest Cover in the Developing World: Researcher Versus Community Perspectives

by Laura Schmitt Olabisi

Sustainability 2010, 2(6), 1523-1535; https://doi.org/10.3390/su2061523 - 1 Jun 2010

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 15005

Abstract

Efforts to increase forest cover in the developing world will only succeed if the root causes of deforestation are addressed. Researchers designing reforestation initiatives tend to emphasize macro-level drivers of deforestation, about which they have extensive data and knowledge. On the other hand, [...] Read more.

Efforts to increase forest cover in the developing world will only succeed if the root causes of deforestation are addressed. Researchers designing reforestation initiatives tend to emphasize macro-level drivers of deforestation, about which they have extensive data and knowledge. On the other hand, local people have contextually based knowledge of forest cover dynamics in their region—about which external researchers may be largely ignorant. This type of perception gap between researchers and community members has led to many failed or insufficiently implemented projects. An emerging tool—group model-building with system dynamics—shows promise in its ability to integrate different perspectives on a complex problem such as forest cover loss. In this study, I use system dynamics modeling methodology to compare causal loop diagrams of forest cover dynamics on Negros Island, Philippines generated by researchers working for the World Wildlife Fund with causal loop diagrams generated by community members in upland Negros. The diagrams were significantly different, with very few variables in common, but both illuminate critical aspects of the deforestation problem on the island. I conclude that reforestation initiatives in the Philippines would benefit from incorporating all relevant information into a single, coherent model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue System Dynamics Simulation of Environmental and Resource Sustainability)

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