Sustainability

2023

Jump to: 2021, 2020, 2019

20 pages, 2505 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Competitive Firms’ Optimal Decisions on Entering Accessory Market

by Nora Wang and Chieh-Ning Hung

Sustainability 2023, 15(15), 11560; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511560 - 26 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1142

Abstract

The smartphone is now a widespread trend that causes phone accessory markets to rise. The high penetration rate of smartphones has led to a saturated market. The accessory market not only has tremendous business opportunities but also high potential. In practice, the decision [...] Read more.

The smartphone is now a widespread trend that causes phone accessory markets to rise. The high penetration rate of smartphones has led to a saturated market. The accessory market not only has tremendous business opportunities but also high potential. In practice, the decision of whether to join the accessory market differentiates by each smartphone firm. This study analyzed and discussed the main product firms’ optimal decisions of whether to enter the accessory market by using game theory as a construct model. Considering the different competition situations, the decision of whether the main product firm invests in the accessory market affected the market demand, pricing, and profit of all firms. Furthermore, we analyzed the differences in the external environment to determine what the best decision for the main product firm was. The results of the research show that complementary effects do not always have a positive influence on firms’ willingness to join the accessory market. When weak main product firms have different market forces in the main product market, the dominant main product firms are not necessarily more willing to join the accessory market than weak firms. Full article

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2021

Jump to: 2023, 2020, 2019

21 pages, 8503 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors that Inhibit Sustainable Adoption of Industry 4.0 in the South African Manufacturing Industry

by Whisper Maisiri, Liezl van Dyk and Rojanette Coeztee

Sustainability 2021, 13(3), 1013; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031013 - 20 Jan 2021

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5259

Abstract

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) adoption in the manufacturing industry is on the rise across the world, resulting in increased empirical research on barriers and drivers to I4.0 adoption in specific country contexts. However, no similar studies are available that focus on the South African [...] Read more.

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) adoption in the manufacturing industry is on the rise across the world, resulting in increased empirical research on barriers and drivers to I4.0 adoption in specific country contexts. However, no similar studies are available that focus on the South African manufacturing industry. Our small-scale interview-based qualitative descriptive study aimed at identifying factors that may inhibit sustainable adoption of I4.0 in the country’s manufacturing industry. The study probed the views and opinions of 16 managers and specialists in the industry, as well as others in supportive roles. Two themes emerged from the thematic analysis: factors that inhibit sustainable adoption of I4.0 and strategies that promote I4.0 adoption in the South African manufacturing industry. The interviews highlighted cultural construct, structural inequalities, noticeable youth unemployment, fragmented task environment, and deficiencies in the education system as key inhibitors. Key strategies identified to promote sustainable adoption of I4.0 include understanding context and applying relevant technologies, strengthening policy and regulatory space, overhauling the education system, and focusing on primary manufacturing. The study offers direction for broader investigations of the specific inhibitors to sustainable I4.0 adoption in the sub-Saharan African developing countries and the strategies for overcoming them. Full article

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2020

Jump to: 2023, 2021, 2019

26 pages, 4996 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Multicomponent Distributed Framework for Smart Production System Modeling and Simulation

by Simon Gorecki, Jalal Possik, Gregory Zacharewicz, Yves Ducq and Nicolas Perry

Sustainability 2020, 12(17), 6969; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176969 - 27 Aug 2020

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 3895

Abstract

In order to control manufacturing systems, managers need risk and performance evaluation methods and simulation tools. However, these simulation techniques must evolve towards being multiperformance, multiactor, and multisimulation tools, and this requires interoperability between those distributed components. This paper presents an integrated platform [...] Read more.

In order to control manufacturing systems, managers need risk and performance evaluation methods and simulation tools. However, these simulation techniques must evolve towards being multiperformance, multiactor, and multisimulation tools, and this requires interoperability between those distributed components. This paper presents an integrated platform that brings interoperability to several simulation components. This work expands the process modeling tool Papyrus to allow it to communicate with external components through both distributed simulation and cosimulation standards. The distributed modeling and simulation framework (DMSF) platform takes its environment into consideration in order to evaluate the sustainability of the system while integrating external heterogeneous components. For instance, a DMSF connection with external IoT devices has been implemented. Moreover, the orchestration of different smart manufacturing components and services is achieved through configurable business models. As a result, an automotive industry case study has successfully been tested to demonstrate the sustainability of smart supply chains and manufacturing factories, allowing better connectivity with their real environments. Full article

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33 pages, 3580 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Framework for Selecting Manufacturing Simulation Software in Industry 4.0 Environment

by Davide Cafasso, Cosimo Calabrese, Giorgia Casella, Eleonora Bottani and Teresa Murino

Sustainability 2020, 12(15), 5909; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12155909 - 22 Jul 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4882

Abstract

Even though the use of simulation software packages is widespread in industrial and manufacturing companies, the criteria and methods proposed in the scientific literature to evaluate them do not adequately help companies in identifying a package able to enhance the efficiency of their [...] Read more.

Even though the use of simulation software packages is widespread in industrial and manufacturing companies, the criteria and methods proposed in the scientific literature to evaluate them do not adequately help companies in identifying a package able to enhance the efficiency of their production system. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to develop a framework to guide companies in choosing the most suitable manufacturing simulation software package. The evaluation framework developed in this study is based on two different multi-criteria methods: analytic hierarchy process (AHP) integrated with benefits, opportunities, costs, risks (BOCR) analysis and the best-worst method (BWM). The framework was developed on the basis of the suggestions from the literature and from a panel of experts, both from academia and industry, trying to capture all the facets of the software selection problem. For testing purposes, the proposed approach was applied to a mid-sized enterprise located in the south of Italy, which was facing the problem of buying an effective simulation software for Participatory Design. From a practical perspective, the application showed that the framework is effective in identifying the most suitable simulation software package according to the needs of the company. From a theoretical point of view, the multi-criteria methods suggested in the framework have never been applied to the problem of selecting simulation software; their usage in this context could bring some advantages compared to other decision-making tools. Full article

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25 pages, 2835 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Process Planning in Industry 4.0—Current State, Potential and Management of Transformation

by Maja Trstenjak, Tihomir Opetuk, Hrvoje Cajner and Natasa Tosanovic

Sustainability 2020, 12(15), 5878; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12155878 - 22 Jul 2020

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 6014

Abstract

The implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept enables the flexibility, modularity and self-optimization of the manufacturing process. Process planning, placed in the value chain between construction and physical manufacturing, therefore, also demands digital transformation, while management of the transformation towards the new digital [...] Read more.

The implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept enables the flexibility, modularity and self-optimization of the manufacturing process. Process planning, placed in the value chain between construction and physical manufacturing, therefore, also demands digital transformation, while management of the transformation towards the new digital framework represents one of the most demanding challenges. Continuing the research on its structure and role within the smart factory, the main motivation for this work was to recognize the potential of the digital transformation of process planning elements, and to define the key dimensions that are essential for the readiness factor calculation and later transformational strategy formation, but also to recognize the current level of awareness of the Industry 4.0 concept among the process planners, along with the current use of its elements and key priorities for the transformation. The research has therefore been conducted in 34 Croatian metal machining companies, within which the influence of company size, level of education and familiarity with Industry 4.0 on final results and the stage of development have been investigated. The results have shown that the company size has a significant influence on the development stage and the use of certain elements wherein small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have already implemented certain digital elements, while they also tend to have a better fundamental infrastructure when using complex process planning methods, unlike others, which are still highly traditional. Organization and human resources have been ranked with the highest priority for change, while target goals for hardware and software have been set, with the managerial challenges of transformation defined and discussed. Full article

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14 pages, 862 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Real Time Implementation of Learning-Forgetting Models for Cycle Time Predictions of Manual Assembly Tasks after a Break

by Steven Hoedt, Arno Claeys, El-Houssaine Aghezzaf and Johannes Cottyn

Sustainability 2020, 12(14), 5543; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145543 - 9 Jul 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3925

Abstract

Industry 4.0 provides a tremendous potential of data from the work floor. For manufacturing companies, these data can be very useful in order to support assembly operators. In literature, a lot of contributions can be found that present models to describe both the [...] Read more.

Industry 4.0 provides a tremendous potential of data from the work floor. For manufacturing companies, these data can be very useful in order to support assembly operators. In literature, a lot of contributions can be found that present models to describe both the learning and forgetting effect of manual assembly operations. In this study, different existing models were compared in order to predict the cycle time after a break. As these models are not created for a real time prediction purpose, some adaptations are presented in order to improve the robustness and efficiency of the models. Results show that the MLFCM (modified learn-forget curve model) and the PID (power integration diffusion) model have the greatest potential. Further research will be performed to test both models and implement contextual factors. In addition, since these models only consider one fixed repetitive task, they don’t target mixed-model assembly operations. The learning and forgetting effect that executing each assembly task has on the other task executions differs based on the job similarity between tasks. Further research opportunities to implement this job similarity are listed. Full article

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23 pages, 2162 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Door-to-Door Waste Collection System Case Study: A Survey on its Sustainability and Effectiveness

by Nicola Laurieri, Andrea Lucchese, Antonella Marino and Salvatore Digiesi

Sustainability 2020, 12(14), 5520; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145520 - 8 Jul 2020

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 9536

Abstract

Municipal waste management is a relevant topic these days, in its relation to sustainable and environmental concerns. Sorting waste fractions at home for a door-to-door collection system proves to positively affect the environmental impacts of waste management strategies both by reducing the amounts [...] Read more.

Municipal waste management is a relevant topic these days, in its relation to sustainable and environmental concerns. Sorting waste fractions at home for a door-to-door collection system proves to positively affect the environmental impacts of waste management strategies both by reducing the amounts of the waste landfilled and by originating new circular economies. However, the environmental impact caused by both waste collection and transport, together with waste quality, should be carefully evaluated to assess the sustainability of such a collection system. In order to evaluate the logistic and environmental effectiveness of a newly implemented door-to-door collection system in Altamura, a mid-sized town in Southern Italy, a survey was designed and submitted to a sample of citizens. The results obtained from the 385 completed surveys show that the door-to-door collection of glass waste is inefficient since most of the designated bins remain partially filled and less frequently delivered; citizens are more motivated to adequately collect sorted waste fractions upon receiving information about the subsequent environmental benefits and outcomes of the fractions collected; a high percentage of people still use disposable items in their daily life. Possible changes to the weekly bins collection schedule have been proposed in order to have a more proficient and environmentally sustainable waste collection service in the town. The survey is part of a project aiming at developing a smart device to support users in home waste management. Full article

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15 pages, 2399 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Integrated Key Performance Measurement for Manufacturing Operations Management

by Gyusun Hwang, Jun-Hee Han and Tai-Woo Chang

Sustainability 2020, 12(13), 5260; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135260 - 29 Jun 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4757

Abstract

This paper proposes a comprehensive production performance measurement framework and illustrates the method to evaluate the performance and guide practitioners to make further improvement. The development comprises four steps. (1) Performance indicators derived from business excellence models are enumerated to provide the performance [...] Read more.

This paper proposes a comprehensive production performance measurement framework and illustrates the method to evaluate the performance and guide practitioners to make further improvement. The development comprises four steps. (1) Performance indicators derived from business excellence models are enumerated to provide the performance model: 74 indicators, which can be classified in terms of their characteristics, are identified in six criteria. (2) A multiple criteria decision-making approach based on the analytic hierarchical and network processes, which determine the weights of the criteria and indicators, is applied. In addition, this study introduced additional formulas to derive the final performance values. (3) A performance measurement framework that integrates the measurement and result analysis processes is implemented. (4) The proposed framework is verified through a case study. The results of the case study show that the proposed framework identifies the gaps and discrepancies among the management levels, enabling the determination of means for continuous improvement. Full article

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25 pages, 3645 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Economic Order Quantity Stochastic Dynamic Optimization Model in a Logistic 4.0 Environment

by Mario Di Nardo, Mariano Clericuzio, Teresa Murino and Chiara Sepe

Sustainability 2020, 12(10), 4075; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104075 - 15 May 2020

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 5527

Abstract

This paper proposes a stock dynamic sizing optimization under the Logistic 4.0 environment. The safety stock is conceived to fill up the demand variability, providing continuous stock availability. Logistic 4.0 and the smart factory topics are considered. It focuses on vertical integration to [...] Read more.

This paper proposes a stock dynamic sizing optimization under the Logistic 4.0 environment. The safety stock is conceived to fill up the demand variability, providing continuous stock availability. Logistic 4.0 and the smart factory topics are considered. It focuses on vertical integration to implement flexible and reconfigurable smart production systems using the information system integration in order to optimize material flow in a 4.0 full-service approach. The proposed methodology aims to reduce the occurring stock-out events through a link among the wear-out items rate and the downstream logistic demand. The failure rate items trend is obtained through life-cycle state detection by a curve fitting technique. Therefore, the optimal safety stock size is calculated and then validated by an auto-tuning iterative modified algorithm. In this study, the reorder time has been optimized. The case study refers to the material management of a very high-speed train. Full article

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23 pages, 2855 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Model of Diffusion of Knowledge on Industry 4.0 in Marshallian Clusters

by Irena Pawłyszyn, Marek Fertsch, Agnieszka Stachowiak, Grzegorz Pawłowski and Joanna Oleśków-Szłapka

Sustainability 2020, 12(9), 3815; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093815 - 7 May 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3216

Abstract

Industry 4.0 is perceived as the innovative approach to manufacturing management, thanks to which enterprises gain efficiency and improve competitiveness. The research on Industry 4.0 carried and published refer to the scope of solutions recognized as Industry 4.0 and the level of recognition [...] Read more.

Industry 4.0 is perceived as the innovative approach to manufacturing management, thanks to which enterprises gain efficiency and improve competitiveness. The research on Industry 4.0 carried and published refer to the scope of solutions recognized as Industry 4.0 and the level of recognition and implementation of solutions within Industry 4.0. The conclusion from the latter is that enterprises, though striving for innovation and improvement, have no knowledge on solutions available. Hence, the research goal of the paper was to identify the level of knowledge on Industry 4.0 among enterprises and analyze the mechanism of knowledge diffusion. The subjects of research were enterprises in Marshallian clusters, as they are linked, which may contribute to knowledge diffusion and Industry 4.0 solutions dissemination. Research methodology implemented included three stages, namely knowledge level recognition, Industry 4.0 knowledge diffusion model development, and validation of the model with case-based simulation. The conclusions, based on simulation results, refer to mechanism and the most important parameters of knowledge on Industry 4.0 diffusion. Full article

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29 pages, 1972 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Smart Production Planning and Control: Concept, Use-Cases and Sustainability Implications

by Olumide Emmanuel Oluyisola, Fabio Sgarbossa and Jan Ola Strandhagen

Sustainability 2020, 12(9), 3791; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093791 - 7 May 2020

Cited by 59 | Viewed by 18049

Abstract

Many companies are struggling to manage their production systems due to increasing market uncertainty. While emerging ‘smart’ technologies such as the internet of things, machine learning, and cloud computing have been touted as having the potential to transform production management, the realities of [...] Read more.

Many companies are struggling to manage their production systems due to increasing market uncertainty. While emerging ‘smart’ technologies such as the internet of things, machine learning, and cloud computing have been touted as having the potential to transform production management, the realities of their adoption and use have been much more challenging than anticipated. In this paper, we explore these challenges and present a conceptual model, a use-case matrix and a product–process framework for a smart production planning and control (smart PPC) system and illustrate the use of these artefacts through four case companies. The presented model adopts an incremental approach that companies with limited resources could employ in improving their PPC process in the context of industry 4.0 and sustainability. The results reveal that while make-to-order companies are more likely to derive greater benefits from a smart product strategy, make-to-stock companies are more likely to derive the most benefit from pursuing a smart process strategy, and consequently a smart PPC solution. Full article

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19 pages, 2557 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Economic, Environmental and Social Gains of the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence at Dam Operations toward Industry 4.0 Principles

by Marcos Geraldo Gomes, Victor Hugo Carlquist da Silva, Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Pinto, Plinio Centoamore, Salvatore Digiesi, Francesco Facchini and Geraldo Cardoso de Oliveira Neto

Sustainability 2020, 12(9), 3604; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093604 - 29 Apr 2020

Cited by 36 | Viewed by 5793

Abstract

Due to the increasing demand for water supply of urban areas, treatment and supply plants are becoming important to ensure availability and quality of this essential resource for human health. Enabling technologies of Industry 4.0 have the potential to improve performances of treatment [...] Read more.

Due to the increasing demand for water supply of urban areas, treatment and supply plants are becoming important to ensure availability and quality of this essential resource for human health. Enabling technologies of Industry 4.0 have the potential to improve performances of treatment plants. In this paper, after reviewing contributions in scientific literature on I4.0 technologies in dam operations, a study carried out on a Brazilian dam is presented and discussed. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the economic, environmental, and social advantages achieved through the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in dam operations. Unlike automation that just respond to commands, AI uses a large amount of data training to make computers able to take the best decision. The current study involved a company that managed six reservoirs for treatment systems supplying water to almost ten million people at the metropolitan area of São Paulo City. Results of the study show that AI adoption could lead to economic gain in figures around US$ 51,000.00 per year, as well as less trips between sites and less overtime extra costs on the main operations. Increasing gates maneuvers agility result in significant environmental gains with savings of about 4.32 billion L of water per year, enough to supply 73,000 people. Also, decreasing operational vehicle utilization results in less emissions. Finally, the AI implementation improved the safety of dam operations, resulting in social benefits such as the flood risk mitigation in cities and the health and safety of operators. Full article

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14 pages, 574 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies on Green Innovation

by Iztok Palčič and Jasna Prester

Sustainability 2020, 12(8), 3499; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083499 - 24 Apr 2020

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5191

Abstract

The main aim of this paper is to evaluate if manufacturing firms can boost their performance through green innovations. The literature on this topic shows contradictory findings. We have concentrated on the effect of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT) on green innovations. To the [...] Read more.

The main aim of this paper is to evaluate if manufacturing firms can boost their performance through green innovations. The literature on this topic shows contradictory findings. We have concentrated on the effect of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT) on green innovations. To the authors’ best knowledge, this research is the first to examine the impact of a firm’s own AMT on green innovation and the firm’s performance at the same time. Green innovation in our research relates to green product innovation. The data analysis is performed through three-step OLS regression analysis and two evaluation models. One model looks at AMT and how they affect green innovation, and the second model looks at how AMT and green innovations affect performance. Our findings suggest that AMT contribute to both the firm’s performance and green innovation. We found that technology is a moderator for green innovations. While the majority of research emphasizes that firms will not eco-innovate unless they receive subsidies or severe restrictions are imposed, we show that out of all innovations, 66% are green innovations. Restrictions such as having ISO 14000 certification do not contribute to green innovation, but rather the age of the firm does. Full article

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17 pages, 3845 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Facility Layout Planning

by Mirco Peron, Giuseppe Fragapane, Fabio Sgarbossa and Michael Kay

Sustainability 2020, 12(8), 3349; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083349 - 20 Apr 2020

Cited by 40 | Viewed by 10290

Abstract

In recent years, companies have increased their focus on sustainability to achieve environmental-friendly improvements, to manage pressures from society and regulations, and to attract customers that appreciate sustainability efforts. While companies have mainly aimed short-term/operational improvements, long-term improvements are difficult to reach. One [...] Read more.

In recent years, companies have increased their focus on sustainability to achieve environmental-friendly improvements, to manage pressures from society and regulations, and to attract customers that appreciate sustainability efforts. While companies have mainly aimed short-term/operational improvements, long-term improvements are difficult to reach. One of the fundamental, strategical decision-making processes for a company is facility layout planning. The layout of a facility can have a significant impact on daily operations. Aiming for the goal of sustainability, a dynamic layout decision-making process can support in achieving it. However, the technologies used currently enable only the design of a static layout due to the time-consuming operations involved. In this paper, the introduction of emerging technologies such as 3D mapping, Indoor Positioning System (IPS), Motion Capture System (MoCap), and Immersive Reality (IR) for dynamic layout planning are assessed and discussed. The results obtained clearly demonstrate that the usage of these technologies favor a reconfigurable layout, positively affecting all the three pillars constituting the sustainability concept: the costs involved are reduced, social aspects are improved, and the environment is safeguarded. Full article

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25 pages, 8854 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Scheduling of Material Handling Activities in Labor-Intensive Warehouses: A Decision and Control Model

by Raffaele Carli, Mariagrazia Dotoli, Salvatore Digiesi, Francesco Facchini and Giorgio Mossa

Sustainability 2020, 12(8), 3111; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083111 - 13 Apr 2020

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5986

Abstract

In recent years, the continuous increase of greenhouse gas emissions has led many companies to investigate the activities that have the greatest impact on the environment. Recent studies estimate that around 10% of worldwide CO₂ emissions derive from logistical supply chains. The [...] Read more.

In recent years, the continuous increase of greenhouse gas emissions has led many companies to investigate the activities that have the greatest impact on the environment. Recent studies estimate that around 10% of worldwide CO₂ emissions derive from logistical supply chains. The considerable amount of energy required for heating, cooling, and lighting as well as material handling equipment (MHE) in warehouses represents about 20% of the overall logistical costs. The reduction of warehouses’ energy consumption would thus lead to a significant benefit from an environmental point of view. In this context, sustainable strategies allowing the minimization of the cost of energy consumption due to MHE represent a new challenge in warehouse management. Consistent with this purpose, a two-step optimization model based on integer programming is developed in this paper to automatically identify an optimal schedule of the material handling activities of electric mobile MHEs (MMHEs) (i.e., forklifts) in labor-intensive warehouses from profit and sustainability perspectives. The resulting scheduling aims at minimizing the total cost, which is the sum of the penalty cost related to the makespan of the material handling activities and the total electricity cost of charging batteries. The approach ensures that jobs are executed in accordance with priority queuing and that the completion time of battery recharging is minimized. Realistic numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the effects of integrating the scheduling of electric loads into the scheduling of material handling operations. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the model in identifying the optimal battery-charging schedule for a fleet of electric MMHEs from economic and environmental perspectives simultaneously. Full article

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16 pages, 2891 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Business Models for Sustainable Spare Parts Logistics: A Case Study

by José M. González-Varona, David Poza, Fernando Acebes, Félix Villafáñez, Javier Pajares and Adolfo López-Paredes

Sustainability 2020, 12(8), 3071; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083071 - 11 Apr 2020

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 8335

Abstract

Additive manufacturing of spare parts significantly impacts industrial, social, and environmental aspects. However, a literature review shows that: (i) academic papers on the adoption of additive manufacturing have focused mainly on large companies; (ii) the methods required by SMEs to adopt new technologies [...] Read more.

Additive manufacturing of spare parts significantly impacts industrial, social, and environmental aspects. However, a literature review shows that: (i) academic papers on the adoption of additive manufacturing have focused mainly on large companies; (ii) the methods required by SMEs to adopt new technologies differ from those employed by large companies; and (iii) recent studies suggest that a suitable way to help small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to adopt new additive manufacturing technologies from the academic world is by presenting case studies in which SMEs are involved. Given the increasing number of global SMEs (i.e., SMEs that manufacture locally and sell globally), we claim that these companies need to be assisted in adopting spare-parts additive manufacturing for the sake of resource and environmental sustainability. To bridge this gap, the purpose of this article is to present a case study approach that shows how a digital supply chain for spare parts has the potential to bring about changes in business models with significant benefits for both global SMEs (more effective logistic management), customers (response time), and the environment (reduced energy, emissions, raw materials, and waste). Full article

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21 pages, 2329 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digitalization: An Opportunity for Contributing to Sustainability From Knowledge Creation

by Joaquín Ordieres-Meré, Tomás Prieto Remón and Jesús Rubio

Sustainability 2020, 12(4), 1460; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041460 - 15 Feb 2020

Cited by 107 | Viewed by 11432

Abstract

This paper aims at exploring the perspective of sustainability when digital transformation is adopted by one organization, although it was not the first goal targeted. Two different cases are analyzed, covering manufacturing and service industries. In those cases different factors will be analyzed, [...] Read more.

This paper aims at exploring the perspective of sustainability when digital transformation is adopted by one organization, although it was not the first goal targeted. Two different cases are analyzed, covering manufacturing and service industries. In those cases different factors will be analyzed, mainly focused on the positive effects of knowledge creation facilitated by direct or indirect application of digitalization. Specific analysis of different cases were carried out to identify different initiatives and the impact on environmental performance. The positive effects of the institutional dimension were also assessed. Full article

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17 pages, 1443 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Twin Reference Model Development to Prevent Operators’ Risk in Process Plants

by Maurizio Bevilacqua, Eleonora Bottani, Filippo Emanuele Ciarapica, Francesco Costantino, Luciano Di Donato, Alessandra Ferraro, Giovanni Mazzuto, Andrea Monteriù, Giorgia Nardini, Marco Ortenzi, Massimo Paroncini, Marco Pirozzi, Mario Prist, Elena Quatrini, Massimo Tronci and Giuseppe Vignali

Sustainability 2020, 12(3), 1088; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031088 - 4 Feb 2020

Cited by 157 | Viewed by 12572

Abstract

In the literature, many applications of Digital Twin methodologies in the manufacturing, construction and oil and gas sectors have been proposed, but there is still no reference model specifically developed for risk control and prevention. In this context, this work develops a Digital [...] Read more.

In the literature, many applications of Digital Twin methodologies in the manufacturing, construction and oil and gas sectors have been proposed, but there is still no reference model specifically developed for risk control and prevention. In this context, this work develops a Digital Twin reference model in order to define conceptual guidelines to support the implementation of Digital Twin for risk prediction and prevention. The reference model proposed in this paper is made up of four main layers (Process industry physical space, Communication system, Digital Twin and User space), while the implementation steps of the reference model have been divided into five phases (Development of the risk assessment plan, Development of the communication and control system, Development of Digital Twin tools, Tools integration in a Digital Twin perspective and models and Platform validation). During the design and implementation phases of a Digital Twin, different criticalities must be taken into consideration concerning the need for deterministic transactions, a large number of pervasive devices, and standardization issues. Practical implications of the proposed reference model regard the possibility to detect, identify and develop corrective actions that can affect the safety of operators, the reduction of maintenance and operating costs, and more general improvements of the company business by intervening both in strictly technological and organizational terms. Full article

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26 pages, 4214 KiB

Open AccessReview

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications in Smart Production: Progress, Trends, and Directions

by Raffaele Cioffi, Marta Travaglioni, Giuseppina Piscitelli, Antonella Petrillo and Fabio De Felice

Sustainability 2020, 12(2), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020492 - 8 Jan 2020

Cited by 376 | Viewed by 55903

Abstract

Adaptation and innovation are extremely important to the manufacturing industry. This development should lead to sustainable manufacturing using new technologies. To promote sustainability, smart production requires global perspectives of smart production application technology. In this regard, thanks to intensive research efforts in the [...] Read more.

Adaptation and innovation are extremely important to the manufacturing industry. This development should lead to sustainable manufacturing using new technologies. To promote sustainability, smart production requires global perspectives of smart production application technology. In this regard, thanks to intensive research efforts in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), a number of AI-based techniques, such as machine learning, have already been established in the industry to achieve sustainable manufacturing. Thus, the aim of the present research was to analyze, systematically, the scientific literature relating to the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) in industry. In fact, with the introduction of the Industry 4.0, artificial intelligence and machine learning are considered the driving force of smart factory revolution. The purpose of this review was to classify the literature, including publication year, authors, scientific sector, country, institution, and keywords. The analysis was done using the Web of Science and SCOPUS database. Furthermore, UCINET and NVivo 12 software were used to complete them. A literature review on ML and AI empirical studies published in the last century was carried out to highlight the evolution of the topic before and after Industry 4.0 introduction, from 1999 to now. Eighty-two articles were reviewed and classified. A first interesting result is the greater number of works published by the USA and the increasing interest after the birth of Industry 4.0. Full article

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2019

Jump to: 2023, 2021, 2020

18 pages, 1760 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Maturity Model for Logistics 4.0: An Empirical Analysis and a Roadmap for Future Research

by Francesco Facchini, Joanna Oleśków-Szłapka, Luigi Ranieri and Andrea Urbinati

Sustainability 2020, 12(1), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010086 - 20 Dec 2019

Cited by 119 | Viewed by 12545

Abstract

The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies has become particularly important nowadays for companies in order to optimize their production processes and organizational structures. However, companies sometimes find it difficult to develop a strategic plan that innovates their current business model and develops an [...] Read more.

The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies has become particularly important nowadays for companies in order to optimize their production processes and organizational structures. However, companies sometimes find it difficult to develop a strategic plan that innovates their current business model and develops an Industry 4.0 vision. To overcome the growing uncertainty and dissatisfaction in implementing Industry 4.0, new methods and tools that specifically address dedicated companies’ areas, such as logistics, supply chain management, and manufacturing processes, were developed to provide guidance and support to align companies’ business strategies and operations. In particular, this paper develops and presents the application of a maturity model for Logistics 4.0, focusing on the specific applications of Industry 4.0 in the area of logistics. To do so, extant maturity models, linked to the context of Industry 4.0 implementation in logistics processes, were examined in the main scientific research. Afterward, two companies have been investigated through a survey, built around three fundamental macro-aspects, named (i) the propensity of the company towards Industry 4.0 and Logistics 4.0, (ii) the current use of technologies in the logistics process, and (iii) the investments’ level towards Industry 4.0 technologies for a Logistics 4.0 transition. By doing so, a maturity model for Logistics 4.0 emerged as the main result of our research, able to identify the level of maturity of companies in implementing the Industry 4.0 technologies in their logistics processes. Moreover, the model highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of the two investigated companies with respect to the transition towards Logistics 4.0. On the basis of the obtained results, a roadmap for enhancing the digitalization of logistics processes, according to the principles of the fourth industrial revolution, was finally proposed. Full article

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12 pages, 2158 KiB

Open AccessArticle

R&D Expenditure for New Technology in Livestock Farming: Impact on GHG Reduction in Developing Countries

by Alessia Spada, Mariantonietta Fiore, Umberto Monarca and Nicola Faccilongo

Sustainability 2019, 11(24), 7129; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247129 - 12 Dec 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2731

Abstract

The achievement of the objectives of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increasingly received attention and support from decision makers and research by scholars. The livestock sector has always been one of the major sources of GHG emissions, especially in developing countries that [...] Read more.

The achievement of the objectives of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increasingly received attention and support from decision makers and research by scholars. The livestock sector has always been one of the major sources of GHG emissions, especially in developing countries that do not have green technologies to improve the management of livestock waste. In order to achieve an absolute reduction in emissions, developed countries have applied a wide range of mitigation options; however, there are few studies from the developing world, although greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries have registered a rapid growth. Therefore, this research aims to assess and understand whether public R&D investments can affect emissions deriving from the livestock sector in developing countries. We made use of the FAOSTAT data (FAO Statistical Databases United Nations) and ASTI data set (Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators), collecting data from 29 Africa countries, in 2014 (latest data available). The data were analyzed by means of a Generalized Propensity Scores (GPS) approach, an increasingly widespread technique that is more robust than regression models, especially in small datasets. Our analysis suggests that the livestock sector in these countries shows an improvement in its relationships with the environment and GHG emission levels when the level of public R&D (Research and Development) investment on agriculture is greater. Therefore, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by investing in research and development can lead to more efficient and sustainable resource management for developing countries. Full article

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