Sustainability

23 pages, 1113 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Monitoring Strategy of Air Pollution Emission from Ships in Urban Port Areas Based on Supervisory Game Analysis

by Ching-Kuei Kao and Dao-Lin Zheng

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3822; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093822 - 23 Apr 2025

In response to the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) 2020 sulfur cap and China’s stricter emission control policies, this study investigates the strategic interaction between port authorities and shipowners concerning air pollution emissions from ships in port areas. Using supervisory game theory, we construct [...] Read more.

In response to the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) 2020 sulfur cap and China’s stricter emission control policies, this study investigates the strategic interaction between port authorities and shipowners concerning air pollution emissions from ships in port areas. Using supervisory game theory, we construct a model that captures the cost–benefit trade-offs between inspection efforts by regulators and compliance behavior by ship operators. Empirical data from Guangzhou Port in 2020—including government inspection costs, fuel substitution costs, subsidy schemes, and fine levels—are incorporated into the model to simulate equilibrium outcomes. Results indicate that while the current level of inspection has a significant deterrent effect, the probability of full compliance remains low at 34.36%, highlighting the importance of a balanced regulatory approach combining inspection, fines, and subsidies. Policy implications suggest that increased financial incentives and stronger penalties can reduce both regulatory costs and non-compliance risks. This study contributes to the literature on maritime environmental governance by providing a quantitative supervisory framework grounded in real-world port data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)

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19 pages, 648 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Student Behavior with the Learner-Centered Approach in Sustainable Hospitality Education

by Shang-Yu Liu, Chin-Lien Hung, Chen-Ying Yen, Yen Su and Wei-Shuo Lo

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3821; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093821 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

This study aims to implement the concept of education for sustainable development by 2030, which can be applied in the context of hospitality education in the Asia–Pacific region. Specifically, this study focuses on achieving Sustainable Development Goal 12, which pertains to responsible consumption [...] Read more.

This study aims to implement the concept of education for sustainable development by 2030, which can be applied in the context of hospitality education in the Asia–Pacific region. Specifically, this study focuses on achieving Sustainable Development Goal 12, which pertains to responsible consumption and production, particularly in relation to food. A case study was conducted using a learner-centered approach, wherein students, as active agents, can solve problems using professional skills such as cooking, baking, and beverage preparation. Through participant observations, students learn about sustainability, starting from natural farming and extending to banquet planning and entrepreneurship simulation in a green restaurant. The program was designed as a farm-to-table process for sustainability learning. A conceptual framework of a hospitality–health supply chain was constructed to understand how the program supports the goal of education for sustainable development for 2030—societal transformation. The study has several important implications. Students are trained to be responsible producers in a green dining setting, starting from practical classroom experiences in the kitchen of a green restaurant, which will enhance their becoming the critical human resources in the hospitality industry. This program offers a successful vocational education opportunity, teaching students how to responsibly run an enterprise with low-carbon products and services. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fostering the One Health Approach in Environmental Education: Innovations, Challenges, and Opportunities)

16 pages, 3690 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Green Development Dynamics and Influencing Factors in Daihai Basin

by Bin Bin, Weijia Cao, Qingkang Yang, Jinlei Li, Shizhong Jiang and Xiaoye Cao

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3820; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093820 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Green development accounting provides the theoretical basis and data support for national or regional ecological civilization constructions. The Daihai Basin, located in Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is not only an important ecological barrier in the region but also one of the [...] Read more.

Green development accounting provides the theoretical basis and data support for national or regional ecological civilization constructions. The Daihai Basin, located in Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is not only an important ecological barrier in the region but also one of the 179 nationally important wetlands under the “China Wetland Conservation Action Plan”. It plays a crucial role in maintaining regional ecological balance, providing ecological services such as water conservation, climate regulation, and biodiversity protection. Taking Daihai Basin as the study area, an accounting system of Green Gross Domestic Product (GGDP), Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP), and Gross Economic–Ecological Product (GEEP) was constructed to explore the temporal variation characteristics of GGDP, GEP, and GEEP in the study area from 1989 to 2022. The results were as follows: (1) During the study period, the overall GGDP in Daihai Basin showed an increasing trend, with an increase of CNY 3.812 billion in the past 30 years, of which GGDP increased from 1989 to 2011 and decreased from 2011 to 2022. In addition to GDP, the ecological damage cost was the most important factor influencing GGDP in the Daihai Basin, and the most significant one is the ecological damage to the wetland. (2) The GEP in the study area decreased, with a decrease of CNY 1.066 billion in the past 30 years. However, the conversion value of “Two Mountains” increased year by year. During the study period, the ecological regulation service value, which was dominated by climate regulation and water conservation, decreased year by year. (3) The GEEP in the study area showed a fluctuating change, with an overall upward trend, reaching a maximum of CNY 9.011 billion in 2011. (4) Except for 2011, during the study period, GEEP > GEP > GGDP in Daihai Basin, but the main driving factors of the three indicators were different, and the variation trends with time were different. The results of this research can provide a decision-making basis for the high-quality development of the Daihai Basin and provide reference cases for the green development accounting of other basins. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology, Environment, and Watershed Management)

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22 pages, 479 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Artificial Intelligence and Corporate ESG Performance: A Mechanism Analysis Based on Corporate Efficiency and External Environment

by Xinyue Yu, Libo Fan and Yang Yu

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3819; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093819 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has become a key driver in shaping firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. This study investigates the impact of corporate AI capabilities on ESG outcomes and examines how external environmental factors moderate this relationship. Using [...] Read more.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has become a key driver in shaping firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. This study investigates the impact of corporate AI capabilities on ESG outcomes and examines how external environmental factors moderate this relationship. Using panel data from all A-share listed firms on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges between 2010 and 2023, we measure firms’ AI capabilities through text analysis of annual reports and apply fixed-effects regression models to test our hypotheses. The results show that higher AI capability significantly improves ESG performance. Mechanism analysis suggests that AI enhances ESG outcomes by optimizing resource allocation and increasing efficiency in production and supply chains. Further, the positive effect of AI on ESG performance is more pronounced in industries with intense competition, while it is weakened under high environmental uncertainty. These findings contribute to the growing literature on AI and corporate sustainability by revealing both the internal mechanisms and contextual contingencies that shape ESG performance. The study offers practical insights for corporate managers aiming to leverage AI for sustainable development and provides policy recommendations for fostering supportive external environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

26 pages, 847 KiB

Open AccessArticle

AI-Driven Financial Transparency and Corporate Governance: Enhancing Accounting Practices with Evidence from Jordan

by Osama Samih Shaban and Arwa Omoush

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3818; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093818 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into financial transparency and corporate governance has reshaped how organizations ensure accountability, regulatory compliance, and risk management. This study examines the impact of AI-driven financial transparency on corporate governance and regulatory reform, focusing on Jordan. Utilizing a stratified random [...] Read more.

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into financial transparency and corporate governance has reshaped how organizations ensure accountability, regulatory compliance, and risk management. This study examines the impact of AI-driven financial transparency on corporate governance and regulatory reform, focusing on Jordan. Utilizing a stratified random sampling approach, data were collected from 564 corporate professionals across key economic sectors. Statistical analyses, including structural equation modeling (SEM) and multiple regression analysis, reveal that AI adoption significantly enhances corporate governance effectiveness (R² = 0.582), improves risk management (R² = 0.502), and increases stakeholder engagement (R² = 0.681). AI also facilitates regulatory compliance by automating monitoring processes and reducing human errors in financial disclosures. However, challenges such as bias in AI algorithms, data privacy concerns, and the need for regulatory adaptation persist. These findings contribute to the body of knowledge on AI-driven governance and provide insights for policymakers and corporate leaders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digitalisation, Entrepreneurship and Innovation for Sustainable Business Management)

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24 pages, 1284 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Market Power Improve Corporate Carbon Efficiency? Based on Evidence from Listed Chinese Companies

by Biqian Liu, Qingyan Chen and Chang Zhou

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3817; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093817 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

As a key component of China’s sustainable development strategy, the “dual-carbon” goal indicates the need to actively and steadily promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality and strengthen resource conservation and environmental protection—a core research focus published in Sustainability. Existing research in environmental economics [...] Read more.

As a key component of China’s sustainable development strategy, the “dual-carbon” goal indicates the need to actively and steadily promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality and strengthen resource conservation and environmental protection—a core research focus published in Sustainability. Existing research in environmental economics and corporate sustainability suggests that improving carbon efficiency is a key pathway to climate-resilient industrialization, but the role of corporate market forces in this context remains under-explored. Consistent with the interdisciplinary scope of sustainability in the environmental, economic and social dimensions. This paper takes the industrial sector from 2012 to 2021 as the research sample and empirically researches and analyzes the relationship between enterprise market power and carbon efficiency and its mechanism through theoretical derivation and a fixed effect model. We found that enterprise market power is a remarkable contributor to carbon efficiency. The mechanism test found that the promotion role is reflected in the improvement of profitability, and profitability plays a mediating role in market power and carbon efficiency. In the further heterogeneity analysis, this study found that the degree of environmental information disclosure and whether an enterprise is heavily polluting present notable differences in carbon efficiency. The positive correlation between firms’ market power and carbon efficiency is more significant when firms have a lower degree of environmental information disclosure and are non heavily polluting firms. Through the expansive analysis, it is found that there is a marked cohort effect on carbon efficiency, and the market power can effectively empower the industry cohort effect of carbon efficiency. Full article

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21 pages, 6713 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatio-Temporal Dynamic of Rural Resilience to Multiple Water-Related Hazards: A Case Study in Zhejiang Province, China

by Fang Liu, Peijun Lu and Songtao Wu

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3816; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093816 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Rural areas face increasing threats from water-related disasters yet often lack the infrastructure and resources available in urban areas for effective disaster response and recovery. Understanding and improving rural resilience—the ability to withstand and recover from disasters—is critical for sustainable rural development, especially [...] Read more.

Rural areas face increasing threats from water-related disasters yet often lack the infrastructure and resources available in urban areas for effective disaster response and recovery. Understanding and improving rural resilience—the ability to withstand and recover from disasters—is critical for sustainable rural development, especially under pressures from the climate. This study introduces a practical, indicator-based framework to evaluate rural resilience by analyzing five key aspects: stability, hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and adaptability. Using Zhejiang Province in China as a case study, we examined changes in rural resilience from 2000 to 2020. Our findings reveal that regions with a strong economic foundation, diversified livelihoods, and well-developed healthcare and education infrastructure exhibit higher resilience, while those with high exposure to hazards and economic dependency on agriculture remain vulnerable. The study highlights the crucial role of adaptive capacity in driving long-term resilience, emphasizing targeted investments in rural healthcare, education, infrastructure, and economic diversification. By providing data-driven insights, this research contributes to SDG 11 by offering practical strategies for policymakers and local communities to enhance disaster preparedness and rural sustainability. Moreover, the framework developed here can be adapted and applied to other rural regions facing similar hazards globally, enhancing disaster preparedness and promoting sustainable rural development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

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22 pages, 682 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding the Impacts of Climate Anxiety on Financial Decision Making

by Zac Coates, Scott Brown and Michelle Kelly

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3815; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093815 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Previous studies have identified harmful social, physical and mental impacts due to climate change. Anxiety due to climate change or “climate anxiety” may be an adaptive reasonable response to a real threat; however, it may also be associated with considerable functional impairment of [...] Read more.

Previous studies have identified harmful social, physical and mental impacts due to climate change. Anxiety due to climate change or “climate anxiety” may be an adaptive reasonable response to a real threat; however, it may also be associated with considerable functional impairment of associated behaviours. In this study, we examined the relationship between climate anxiety and pro-environment financial decisions. Discrete choice experiments are required to make various choices with different attributes and levels, allowing us to understand the importance of different factors within these choices. We found that a moderate level of climate anxiety may be optimal for making pro-environmental choices, with this group having significantly higher consideration of sustainable investment options than participants in the low or high climate anxiety groups. We also found that, for participants with moderate levels of climate anxiety, there was no significant difference in the importance of financially focused attributes (risk, return on investment or length of investment) and sustainability, indicating it as a primary consideration in these decisions. Using a novel experimental approach to this problem, these findings are significant as they allow us to further examine choices to understand not only frequency of pro-environmental behaviours, but trade-offs participants made. This study provides evidence for the use of DCE when examining pro-environment behaviours, as they may be more robust to socially desirable response bias, compared to self-report survey measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy and Climate: Net Zero Strategies and Rapid Decarbonisation Pathways)

17 pages, 981 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Energy and Environmental Valorisation of Residual Wood Pellet by Small Size Residential Heating Systems

by Valentina Coccia, Ramoon Barros Lovate Temporim, Alessandro Paglianti, Alessia Di Giuseppe, Franco Cotana and Andrea Nicolini

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3814; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093814 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) emissions from combustion-based heating systems have been identified as a major contributor to environmental issues and human health risks. Particularly, small-scale residential combustion was responsible for 58% of the total PM_2.5 emissions in Europe in 2020, with domestic heating [...] Read more.

Particulate matter (PM) emissions from combustion-based heating systems have been identified as a major contributor to environmental issues and human health risks. Particularly, small-scale residential combustion was responsible for 58% of the total PM_2.5 emissions in Europe in 2020, with domestic heating using wood-based fuels accounting for around 56% of soot emissions. Reducing PM_2.5 emissions has become a major goal of European environmental policies, which have included it among the key targets of the Zero Pollution Action Plan. In this framework, this study presents a performance analysis of a newly developed PM abatement system consisting of a passive cyclone abatement system (PCAS) specifically designed for small residential pellet stoves. The system was tested under steady-state and non-steady-state operating conditions. The experimental results showed that the PCAS abatement system effectively captured PM at a rate of 10.64 mg/MJ, with great efficiency in capturing particles ≥ 10 µm. The heavy metal content in the captured material was below the limit values for agricultural application-destined soil. A Life Cycle Assessment showed that the PCAS could achieve net-zero PM emissions in 1 year and 8 months. Finally, the economic analysis revealed that the PCAS is significantly more cost-effective: over a 10-year period, it could save up to €4000 in installation, maintenance, and energy costs compared to conventional active systems. These findings highlight the effectiveness of this design of PCAS as in reducing PM emissions from residential heating systems and provide valuable insights for the development of future abatement systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

25 pages, 518 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Benchmarking Efficiency, Sustainability, and Corporate Responsibility in Maritime Logistics: An Entropy-GRA Model with Sensitivity Analysis

by Chia-Nan Wang, Bach Xuan Quang and Thi Thanh Tam Nguyen

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3813; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093813 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

As global awareness of sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) intensifies, container shipping lines (CSLs) face growing pressure to align their operations with stakeholder expectations. However, existing studies in maritime logistics often examine CSR and environmental performance separately, rely on qualitative methods, or [...] Read more.

As global awareness of sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) intensifies, container shipping lines (CSLs) face growing pressure to align their operations with stakeholder expectations. However, existing studies in maritime logistics often examine CSR and environmental performance separately, rely on qualitative methods, or focus on broader shipping contexts without targeting CSLs specifically. Moreover, few studies provide data-driven benchmarking tools to evaluate performance across multiple sustainability dimensions. This study addresses these gaps by developing a quantitative benchmarking model that integrates entropy weighting and the grey relational analysis (GRA) to assess the performance of ten major CSLs using real-world data from 2022. The model incorporates operational, environmental, and social indicators, with entropy weighting objectively capturing the relative importance of each criterion. The GRA method is applied to rank CSLs based on their closeness to an ideal performer. A sensitivity analysis is then conducted by varying the distinguishing coefficient to test the robustness of the results. The findings reveal that cost-related criteria, such as the number of employees, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions, carry the most weight. CSLs that perform consistently across multiple indicators tend to outperform peers that show inconsistency or rely heavily on a narrow set of strengths. This study contributes to the literature by offering an integrated, replicable approach for efficiency, sustainability, and CSR performance benchmarking in maritime logistics and by providing practical insights for policymakers, industry managers, and researchers. Full article

18 pages, 614 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Does the “Civilized City” Selection Affect Environmental Governance Performance? A Spatial DID Approach Based on Prefecture-Level Cities

by Weixing Ou, Ruirui Yang and Wanhai You

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3812; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093812 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Our study employs panel data from 272 Chinese prefecture-level cities (2003–2020), leveraging the “Civilized City” selection campaign as a quasi-natural experiment. Using a Spatial Durbin Difference-in-Differences model, we systematically analyze the policy’s impact on local environmental governance performance and its spatial spillover effects, [...] Read more.

Our study employs panel data from 272 Chinese prefecture-level cities (2003–2020), leveraging the “Civilized City” selection campaign as a quasi-natural experiment. Using a Spatial Durbin Difference-in-Differences model, we systematically analyze the policy’s impact on local environmental governance performance and its spatial spillover effects, with rigorous robustness checks. Results reveal a significant positive spatial correlation in China’s environmental governance performance, indicating interdependence among cities rather than isolated decision-making. The “Civilized City” initiative not only improves local environmental governance but also generates spillover benefits for neighboring regions, thereby enhancing coordinated regional sustainability. Finally, we propose policy recommendations grounded in empirical findings and China’s governance context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spatial Analysis for the Sustainable City)

16 pages, 4755 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation of an Oxyhydrogen (HHO) Generator for Enhanced Fuel Efficiency

by Charbel Akl, Joseph Dgheim and Nemr El Hajj

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3811; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093811 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The growing need for clean and efficient energy has led to more interest in hydrogen-based technologies for improving combustion. Oxyhydrogen (HHO) generators have become a possible way to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions in engines by adding hydrogen to the air–fuel mix. [...] Read more.

The growing need for clean and efficient energy has led to more interest in hydrogen-based technologies for improving combustion. Oxyhydrogen (HHO) generators have become a possible way to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions in engines by adding hydrogen to the air–fuel mix. However, problems like energy loss, uneven hydrogen output, and inefficiency have slowed their use. This study looked at the design, development, and testing of a better HHO generator that solves these issues by adding a better cooling system and adjusting the potassium hydroxide (KOH) mixture (20 g, 25 g, and 30 g). The goal was to see how these changes affect hydrogen production, energy use, and system stability. The results showed that increasing the KOH mixture improved hydrogen production and electrical conductivity. The cooling system helped reduce energy loss and kept the output steady. The improved generator, using 30 g of KOH and the cooling system, produced a peak hydrogen concentration of 31 PPM—more than double that of a regular unit (14 PPM). It also worked with an efficiency of 21.4%, using 25 W of power compared to 30 W for the regular unit, saving 16.7% in energy. These findings show that this improved HHO generator could be a good and efficient solution for cars and renewable energy uses. Full article

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23 pages, 3368 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Influencing Social Interaction in Recreational Parks in Residential Neighborhoods: A Case Study of the Dammam Metropolitan Area, Saudi Arabia

by Abdulrahman Alnaim, Umar Lawal Dano and Ali M. Alqahtany

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3810; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093810 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Social interaction is crucial for social sustainability and quality of life. This research focuses on recreational parks in residential neighborhoods in the Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA) to enhance social interaction. The study is designed to identify and prioritize factors affecting social interaction in [...] Read more.

Social interaction is crucial for social sustainability and quality of life. This research focuses on recreational parks in residential neighborhoods in the Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA) to enhance social interaction. The study is designed to identify and prioritize factors affecting social interaction in the recreational parks in the residential neighborhoods in the Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA). All factors are extracted from literature studies relevant to social interaction among individuals in recreational parks. This study follows the methodology of an expert-based questionnaire to weigh each factor according to a scale from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree” regarding the extracted factors that may influence social interaction in recreational parks. The findings emphasized the importance of the demographic characteristics of neighborhood residents, the physical characteristics of recreational parks, and social sustainability characteristics in influencing social interaction among neighborhood residents in the recreational parks in the DMA. The analysis of the demographic characteristics showed that the age group of the neighborhood residents is the most effective factor on social interaction in the recreational parks in DMA, with a score of 4.53. Secondly, the analysis of the physical characteristics of the recreational parks showed that the periodic maintenance of the recreational park is the most effective factor on social interaction in DMA, with a score of 4.79. Thirdly, the analysis of social sustainability characteristics showed that safety and security is the most effective factor on social interaction in the recreational parks in DMA, with a score of 4.74. Finally, this study concluded with some recommendations to address the probable factors that may influence social interaction in the recreational parks in the Saudi context, particularly in DMA. Full article

23 pages, 514 KiB

Open AccessArticle

External Resource Dependence and Implementation Efficiency of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD): A Hybrid Design Based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Dynamic Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)

by Haoqun Yan and Hongfeng Zhang

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3809; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093809 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Based on the urgency of education for sustainable development (ESD), it is crucial to explore ESD implementation efficiency. Since ESD is closely related to social resources, it is necessary to explore which resources can improve ESD implementation efficiency. This study employs dynamic qualitative [...] Read more.

Based on the urgency of education for sustainable development (ESD), it is crucial to explore ESD implementation efficiency. Since ESD is closely related to social resources, it is necessary to explore which resources can improve ESD implementation efficiency. This study employs dynamic qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to explore the multiple development pathways of external resources supporting the implementation efficiency of ESD in 31 provinces of China from 2017 to 2022. The results indicate that abundant basic resource- (Type I), complementary technology–culture resource- (Type II), and culture–information technology educational resource-driven (Type III) approaches are the main pathways to achieve high ESD execution efficiency. A key contribution of this study is its emphasis on the role of modern information technology in ESD. The insights garnered from this study can guide educators in leveraging information resources effectively to optimize ESD outcomes. Full article

16 pages, 753 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée: A Sustainable Fusion of Heritage and Innovation Through Ultra-High-Performance Concrete

by Mouhcine Benaicha

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3808; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093808 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée (MuCEM) in Marseille represents a paradigm shift in sustainable architecture, integrating heritage conservation with cutting-edge material technology. Designed by Rudy Ricciotti, the museum utilizes Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) to optimize structural efficiency, environmental resilience, [...] Read more.

The Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée (MuCEM) in Marseille represents a paradigm shift in sustainable architecture, integrating heritage conservation with cutting-edge material technology. Designed by Rudy Ricciotti, the museum utilizes Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) to optimize structural efficiency, environmental resilience, and architectural aesthetics. This study highlights how UHPC contributes to reducing resource consumption and enhancing durability, in line with global sustainability goals. MuCEM’s lattice facade, modular supports, and pedestrian bridge showcase innovative engineering solutions that extend the building’s lifespan while ensuring seismic resilience and energy efficiency. Furthermore, UHPC’s longevity reduces maintenance requirements, contributing to lower life cycle costs and carbon footprint. The findings underscore how advanced materials and sustainable design principles can redefine the role of cultural landmarks in the built environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Concrete Materials for Sustainable Construction)

33 pages, 4203 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cultivating Collaborative Food Futures: Analyzing How Local Actions Address Interconnected Food Challenges

by Atsushi Watabe and Megumi Takano

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3807; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093807 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The global food system confronts critical challenges, including food insecurity, small-scale producer vulnerability, and environmental degradation. While locally led initiatives emerge as potential solutions, they face obstacles, such as participant bias and scaling limitations. This study analyzes 157 international and 91 Japanese locally [...] Read more.

The global food system confronts critical challenges, including food insecurity, small-scale producer vulnerability, and environmental degradation. While locally led initiatives emerge as potential solutions, they face obstacles, such as participant bias and scaling limitations. This study analyzes 157 international and 91 Japanese locally led food initiatives to understand their contributions to food system sustainability. Our findings reveal that these initiatives address key issues, including food security, environmental sustainability, community revitalization, and poverty reduction, reflecting various manifestations of problems within the modern global food system despite differing contexts. These initiatives operate across the food supply chain, emphasizing cross-group collaboration, knowledge sharing, resource utilization, and shortened supply chains. Significant differences exist between high-income and low- to middle-income approaches; lower-income regions prioritize resource access and skill development, while high-income areas focus on collaboration and leveraging existing resources. Many initiatives aim to empower marginalized groups, indicating a trend towards inclusivity. Although individual local initiatives may have limited impact, their collective action in fostering collaboration and empowerment is vital for transforming food systems. Networking and intermediary support emerge as essential components for scaling these initiatives to achieve meaningful systemic change. Full article

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35 pages, 828 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Coupling and Coordination Between New-Quality Productivity and Digital Transformation in China’s Provinces

by Debao Dai, Shali Cao and Min Zhao

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3806; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093806 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Against the backdrop of the global digital wave and the “dual carbon” goals, the coordinated development of new-quality productivity and digital transformation has emerged as a critical engine for high-quality economic growth. This study constructs an evaluation system for new-quality productivity incorporating 20 [...] Read more.

Against the backdrop of the global digital wave and the “dual carbon” goals, the coordinated development of new-quality productivity and digital transformation has emerged as a critical engine for high-quality economic growth. This study constructs an evaluation system for new-quality productivity incorporating 20 indicators, including green innovation and digital infrastructure, and a 17-indicator system for digital transformation. Using the entropy method, modified coupling coordination model, and Dagum Gini coefficient, the spatiotemporal coupling characteristics of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2023 are systematically analyzed. The findings reveal a gradient distribution of coupling coordination degree, with higher levels in the East and lower in the West. The Eastern region forms a “technology-ecology” dual-driven model through digital innovation and environmental protection investment, while Central and Western regions face dual constraints of lagging digital infrastructure and insufficient pollution control capacity. Difference decomposition shows that inter-regional disparities contribute 64–70% to overall differences, with green technology innovation and digital infrastructure efficiency identified as core influencing factors. This study proposes a differentiated coordination mechanism of “eastern leadership-central rise-western revitalization”, aiming to promote a sustainable development pattern integrating digital empowerment and ecological protection through improving cross-regional digital infrastructure networks, innovating market-based factor allocation, and establishing green technology sharing platforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Economy Transformation: Driving Sustainability Through Innovative Management)

31 pages, 549 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Socio-Economic Impacts of Waqf Investment Funds as a Model for Sustainable Financing in Saudi Arabia

by Faiza Omer Elmahgop, Faizah Alsulami, Mwahib Gasmelsied Ahmed Mohammed, Sufian Abdel-Gadir and Tomader Elhassan

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3805; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093805 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Waqf investment funds represent an innovative approach to sustainable finance, integrating Islamic investment principles with contemporary social and economic goals. The research explores how Waqf investment funds affect socio-economic factors in Saudi Arabia through their influence on personal income, healthcare systems, and education [...] Read more.

Waqf investment funds represent an innovative approach to sustainable finance, integrating Islamic investment principles with contemporary social and economic goals. The research explores how Waqf investment funds affect socio-economic factors in Saudi Arabia through their influence on personal income, healthcare systems, and education while analyzing financial sustainability. The study assessed primary socio-economic indicators through beneficiary survey data, expert interviews, and secondary sources. The study used chi-square tests, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and regression analysis to evaluate the long-term impact of the funds on social welfare and economic stability. The results highlight several significant achievements, the most important of which is that personal income benefited most from enhanced purchasing power. At the same time, healthcare outcomes improved significantly due to support for chronic disease treatments. Support for student housing and living services positively impacted the education sector by providing learning stability and access to educational opportunities. Financial sustainability reached its peak through improved financial security measures. The full potential of Waqf investment funds remains restricted because they face continuous issues with investment diversification, governance effectiveness, and entrepreneurial support. The results show that Waqf investment funds work as a welfare tool while also serving as a strategic tool for sustainable development in line with Saudi Vision 2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Full article

32 pages, 2207 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Advancing Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Analyzing Parameter Influences and Machine Learning Approaches for CO₂ Prediction

by Svenja Hauck, Lucas Greif, Nils Benner and Jivka Ovtcharova

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3804; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093804 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The global push for sustainable production, driven by initiatives like the Paris Agreement and the European Green Deal, necessitates reducing CO₂ emissions in industrial processes. Additive manufacturing (AM), with its potential for material efficiency and decentralization, offers promising opportunities for lowering carbon [...] Read more.

The global push for sustainable production, driven by initiatives like the Paris Agreement and the European Green Deal, necessitates reducing CO₂ emissions in industrial processes. Additive manufacturing (AM), with its potential for material efficiency and decentralization, offers promising opportunities for lowering carbon footprints. Due to the significant importance of enhancing the performance of AM via the fine-tuning of printing parameters, this study investigates the dual objectives of understanding parameter influences and leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to predict CO₂ emissions in fused deposition modeling (FDM) processes. A full-factorial experimental design with 81 test prints was conducted, varying four key parameters—layer height, infill density, perimeters, and nozzle temperature—at three levels (min, mid, and max). The results highlight infill density as the most influential factor, significantly impacting material usage, energy consumption, and overall CO₂ emissions. Five AI algorithms were employed for predictive modeling, with XGBoost demonstrating the highest accuracy in forecasting emissions. By systematically analyzing process interdependencies and providing quantitative insights, this study advances sustainable 3D printing practices. The findings offer practical implications for optimizing AM processes, benefiting both researchers and industrial stakeholders aiming to reduce CO₂ emissions without compromising product integrity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI for Sustainable Development: Applications and Impacts across Industries)

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23 pages, 2982 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plant Growth Regulators and Short-Term Irrigation for Berry Maturation Homogeneity and Increased Coffea arabica Bean Quality

by Miroslava Rakočević, Eunice Reis Batista, Fabio Takeshi Matsunaga and Maria Brígida dos Santos Scholz

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3803; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093803 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Gibberellic acid (GA3) may help to synchronize coffee flowering, whilst ethylene (in the form of Ethephon) may assist in advancing coffee berry maturation even when applied in the pre-flowering stage of phenophase. Functional–structural plant modeling (FSPM) can be used to help understand whole-plant [...] Read more.

Gibberellic acid (GA3) may help to synchronize coffee flowering, whilst ethylene (in the form of Ethephon) may assist in advancing coffee berry maturation even when applied in the pre-flowering stage of phenophase. Functional–structural plant modeling (FSPM) can be used to help understand whole-plant responses, such as plant-scale photosynthesis. FSPM has never been used to investigate the response of coffee plants to external plant growth regulator (PGR) applications. We hypothesized that treatment with PGRs at the beginning of berry maturation (BM) during phenophase could (1) influence plant leaf area and plant photosynthesis at the end of BM and (2) assist in the uniformity of the berry maturation of seven-year-old coffee plants. Additionally, we assumed that (3) the distribution of berries over the vertical plant profile could be related to the coffee beans’ chemical quality, and that irrigated plants would have delayed maturation, but a higher yield than non-irrigated (NI) plants. To test these hypotheses, a short sustainable period of irrigation was applied six weeks before harvest. Irrigated plants were treated with GA3 or Ethephon. A combination of field measurements (leaf gas exchanges, berry collection and bean chemical analyses in relation to vertical plant strata) and computer modeling were used. At the beginning or the end of BM, coffee trees were coded using the VPlants modeling platform and reconstructed using CoffePlant3D software to compute the plant leaf area and plant photosynthesis. The greatest number of second-order red berries were found in the upper stratum, S3 (>160 cm), while slightly fewer were found in S2 (80–160 cm) belonging to the third-order axes, and the lowest number was found in S1 (<80 cm). Green berries were more representative in S2, with the greatest number belonging to the third-order axes. The participation of third-order axes in berry yield was up to approximately 37% for red berries and 25% for green berries. The greatest separation between PGRs could be seen in S2, where more berries in the Ethephon-treated plants were found than in the GA3 treated ones, while the dry mass (DM) percentage was higher in GA3 than in the Ethephon treatment. The percentage of DM in fresh mass was 17–28% in the green berries and 28–36% in the red berries. PGRs were important for homogenous berry maturity, especially GA3, which also showed the lowest total chlorogenic acid content. The NI plants showed reduced red and total berry production when compared to irrigated ones, indicating this horticultural measure is important, even during a sustainably reduced six-week period, due to preserved leaf area and plant photosynthesis, and it also increased the lipid and kahweol contents of irrigated plants when compared to NI plants, despite the maturation delay. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of the Agricultural System and Agro-Ecological Environment)

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19 pages, 9307 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Diffusion Mechanisms of Methanol Leakage in Confined Spaces

by Baixun Sun, Guogang Yang, Jihui Li, Xinyu Liu and Yinhui Sun

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3802; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093802 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

With the rapid expansion of methanol-powered shipping, the emphasis within the industry has increasingly been placed on ensuring the operational safety of these alternative fuel vessels. In this study, the mixture and realizable k-ε models are adopted to simulate the liquid methanol leakage [...] Read more.

With the rapid expansion of methanol-powered shipping, the emphasis within the industry has increasingly been placed on ensuring the operational safety of these alternative fuel vessels. In this study, the mixture and realizable k-ε models are adopted to simulate the liquid methanol leakage model, and the predictive accuracy of the model is verified through a comparative analysis with experimental results. Given the complexity of ship cabins, a comprehensive exploration of the leakage and diffusion behaviors of methanol under different ambient temperatures, main engine surface temperatures, and leakage port sizes is conducted. The research findings show that an increase in ambient temperature significantly accelerates vapor diffusion by enhancing evaporation and strengthening the wall-accumulation effect. In contrast, an increase in the main engine surface temperature mainly causes local vapor stagnation and has a relatively limited impact on the overall diffusion pattern. An increase in the leakage orifice diameter directly increases the leakage volume, shortens the diffusion period, and promotes nonlinear growth of the vapor height. The research results can not only provide a theoretical basis for the design of cabin structures and ventilation systems of methanol fuel ships but also be applied to the risk prevention and control of methanol leakage scenarios on ships. Full article

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29 pages, 35234 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Novel Membranes Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose Modified with ZIF-8 for Isopropanol/Water Pervaporation Separation

by Anna Kuzminova, Mariia Dmitrenko, Roman Dubovenko, Anna Mikulan, Anastasia Stepanova, Margarita Puzikova, Nadezhda Rakovskaya, Anton Mazur, Anna Shurukhina, Aida Rudakova, Alexei Emeline, Rongxin Su and Anastasia Penkova

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3801; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093801 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The present study investigates the potential of novel mixed matrix membranes that are formed from the biopolymer carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and the metal–organic framework ZIF-8 to improve the pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol. The effect of ZIF-8 content variation and porous substrate selection (comprising [...] Read more.

The present study investigates the potential of novel mixed matrix membranes that are formed from the biopolymer carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and the metal–organic framework ZIF-8 to improve the pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol. The effect of ZIF-8 content variation and porous substrate selection (comprising cellulose acetate (CA) and polyacrylonitrile) on dense and supported membrane properties is systematically investigated using multiple analytical techniques. It is found that ZIF-8 incorporation alters the membrane structure (confirmed by FTIR and NMR), increases surface roughness (observed via SEM and AFM), enhances swelling degree (obtained by swelling measurements), improves surface hydrophobicity (determined by contact angle analysis), and elevates thermal stability (verified by TGA). Quantum chemical calculations are used to validate the interactions between the polymer matrix, modifier, and feed components. The transport properties of developed membranes are evaluated through the dehydration of isopropanol via pervaporation. The cross-linked supported CMC membrane with 10 wt% ZIF-8 prepared on the CA substrate has the optimal performance: permeation flux of 0.136–1.968 kg/(m²h) and ˃92 wt% water in the permeate via the dehydration of isopropanol (water content 12–100 wt%) at 22 °C. Full article

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15 pages, 1102 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Regional Food Futures in Peri-Urban Austria—Participatory Generation of Scenarios and Policy Recommendations

by Niklas Gudowsky-Blatakes and Mahshid Sotoudeh

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3800; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093800 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Current food systems provide relative food security but compromise planetary health and largely fail to address climate change challenges. Regional food supplies can contribute to sustainable production and consumption, reducing the dependence on global supply chains. However, food systems’ complexity and rigidity hinder [...] Read more.

Current food systems provide relative food security but compromise planetary health and largely fail to address climate change challenges. Regional food supplies can contribute to sustainable production and consumption, reducing the dependence on global supply chains. However, food systems’ complexity and rigidity hinder the implementation of climate-conscious, healthier practices. The City.Food.Basket project explored regional food baskets in urban and peri-urban settings in Austria for the City of Graz and its surroundings, developing models for regional, healthy, and low-climate-impact diets. Against this background, we present a qualitative study that generated three explorative scenarios for promoting regional diets using a Delphi-based expert-stakeholder survey method with participatory elements. A scenario workshop elaborated on interconnecting actions to strengthen regional food supply, including making regional food a tender criterion, reducing waste, ensuring affordability, and shifting subsidies to climate-conscious practices for Graz. While the method successfully provides socio-technical futures for policy orientation, its direct policy impact remains low due to time constraints, short project duration, limited project resources, and differing rationalities between research and policymaking. This study highlights the need for improved connectivity between transdisciplinary research, foresight methods, and regional policy cycles to enhance such projects’ effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability Challenges: Recovery and Valorization of Food Wastes and New Ingredients and Foods Development)

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25 pages, 8348 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Post-Occupancy Evaluation of a Passive Multi-Unit Residential Building and a Single-Family Passive House

by Anthony Mach, Maria Parra and Hebatallah Teamah

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3799; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093799 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Passive buildings are increasing in popularity in Canada. This paper examines two passive buildings initially constructed in the past decade: the Peterborough passive multi-unit residential building (MURB) and the Wolfe Island single-family dwelling. A post-occupancy evaluation was performed on the buildings. The buildings [...] Read more.

Passive buildings are increasing in popularity in Canada. This paper examines two passive buildings initially constructed in the past decade: the Peterborough passive multi-unit residential building (MURB) and the Wolfe Island single-family dwelling. A post-occupancy evaluation was performed on the buildings. The buildings were modelled in HOT2000 and the Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) to ensure the validity of the results. The energy bills were collected from the building owners to acquire the real-time consumption of the buildings. The models have shown a good agreement with the collected data. Furthermore, data loggers were installed in both buildings for indoor temperature monitoring to ensure that they adhere to the passive house explicit criteria. Internal gains, shading, and orientation were analyzed to assess their effect on heating and cooling loads. Peterborough MURB has shown more energy-saving potential compared to the Wolfe Island passive house. Heating load reduction has been compared, more than five times, to the cooling load reduction potential. The reduction in GHG emissions can be up to 39% when passive house parameters are applied to the Wolfe Island house. This paper has shown the potential of the passive house in relation to sustainable buildings in Northern climates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Saving Measures, Renewable and Storage Integration Economic and Environmental Potential in Building Sector)

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15 pages, 1281 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predicting Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture in the Southwest United Kingdom

by James Andrew Jackson, Rick Stafford, Marin Cvitanović and Elena Cantarello

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3798; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093798 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Climate change will create significant challenges to agriculture. The effects on livestock productivity and crop production are highly dependent on weather conditions with consequences for food security. If agriculture is to remain a viable industry and to maintain future food security, the adaptations [...] Read more.

Climate change will create significant challenges to agriculture. The effects on livestock productivity and crop production are highly dependent on weather conditions with consequences for food security. If agriculture is to remain a viable industry and to maintain future food security, the adaptations and the ideal timeframes for their implementation to mitigate against climate change impacts will be essential knowledge. This study aims to show how farms will be affected and will need to adapt to climate change, based on a holistic examination of the entire farming process. A modified Bayesian belief network (BBN) was used to investigate climate change impacts on livestock, crops, soil, water use, disease, and pesticide use through the use of 48 indicators (comprising climate, agricultural, and environmental). The seasonal impact of climate change on all aspects of farming was investigated for three different climate forcing scenarios (RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) for four timeframes (2030, 2050, 2080, and 2099). The results suggest that heat stress and disease in both livestock and crops will require adaptations (e.g., shelter infrastructure being built, new crops, or cultivators grown). Pest intensity is expected to rise, leading to increased pesticide use and greater damage to crops and livestock. Higher temperatures will likely cause increased drought and irrigation needs, while increasing rain intensity might lead to winter flooding. Soil quality maintenance will rely increasingly on fertilisers, with significant decreases in quality if unsustainable. Crop yield will be dependent on new crops or cultivators that can cope with a changing climate being successful and market access; failure to do so could lead to substantial decrease, in food security. Impacts are more significant from 2080 onwards, with the severity of impacts dependent on season. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Agricultural Systems)

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19 pages, 3831 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Degree of Coordination Between Regional Marine Innovation Capacity and Marine Economic Resilience in China

by Chunjuan Wang, Peng Deng, Dahai Liu and Jianjun Chen

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3797; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093797 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Marine innovation, as a fundamental driving force behind the development of the marine economy, is crucial for the realization of the maritime power strategy. The reports from the 19th and 20th National Congresses of the Communist Party of China explicitly advocate for the [...] Read more.

Marine innovation, as a fundamental driving force behind the development of the marine economy, is crucial for the realization of the maritime power strategy. The reports from the 19th and 20th National Congresses of the Communist Party of China explicitly advocate for the acceleration of maritime power construction and emphasize the innovation-driven development strategy. Marine innovation and the resilience of the marine economy dynamically interact and mutually reinforce one another. Investigating the coordination between marine innovation and the resilience of the marine economy can provide theoretical support for regional marine technological innovation and sustainable economic development, thereby facilitating the achievement of innovation-driven development goals. This article establishes an evaluation index system for regional marine innovation capacity, considering two perspectives: marine innovation input and output. Additionally, it constructs an evaluation index system for marine economic resilience, which is based on three dimensions: resistance, robustness, and recovery. The entropy weight TOPSIS method is employed to calculate the sub-indices for China’s regional marine technological innovation capacity and marine economic resilience. Furthermore, a coordination degree and coordinated development degree model is developed to assess the coordination and development of marine innovation capacity and economic resilience across 11 coastal provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China from 2013 to 2022. The research results indicate that from 2013 to 2022, the coordination degree of marine innovation capacity and economic resilience in the 11 coastal provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) of China has exhibited a positive development trend. The southern and eastern economic circles display synchronized development patterns, with the southern economic circle experiencing the fastest improvements, while the northern economic circle shows slight regression. The marginal contribution of this study lies in the integration of marine innovation capacity and economic resilience for the first time, further exploring the degree of coordinated development based on coordination degree and providing a systematic analysis of the coordinated development of regional marine innovation and economic resilience from the perspectives of individual provinces and economic circles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Resource Economics and Environment Sustainable Development)

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22 pages, 955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Domestic Market Integration and Subsidies Provided by Local Government to Zombie Firms: Evidence from China’s City-Level Data

by Xixi Lin and Wenjing Shi

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3796; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093796 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

With the advancement of economic globalization, market integration has become a critical contributing factor for sustainable economic development. However, the persistence of zombie firms continues to undermine fiscal sustainability, creating a critical policy challenge. The core purpose of this article is to propose [...] Read more.

With the advancement of economic globalization, market integration has become a critical contributing factor for sustainable economic development. However, the persistence of zombie firms continues to undermine fiscal sustainability, creating a critical policy challenge. The core purpose of this article is to propose novel policy directions for emerging economies to foster domestic market integration (DMI) and sustainable development. Based on panel data from 297 cities in China from 2008 to 2020, this paper employs a two-way fixed effects model to empirically test the impact of subsidies allocated to zombie firms on DMI. The results indicate that targeted subsidies provided by local governments to zombie firms exacerbate regional market segmentation and hinder the process of DMI. The analysis reveals several key mechanisms underlying this phenomenon: on the one hand, local governments may shift expenditure burdens to enterprises located outside their jurisdiction, leading to higher institutional trade costs and lower fiscal sustainability; on the other hand, the persistence of zombie firms crowds out the resources available to healthy enterprises and distorts the allocation of factor resources, thereby impeding the ability of local products to compete effectively in intercity markets. However, enhancing the business environment and upgrading the industrial structure can effectively mitigate the market fragmentation induced by such inefficient subsidies. This research offers a novel perspective for quantifying local protectionism and provides important implications to improve DMI as well as sustainable economic development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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26 pages, 617 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adoption of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) for Health Informatics and Administration Sustainability Education in Saudi Arabia

by Sohail Akhtar, Manahil Mohammed Alfuraydan, Yasir Hayat Mughal and Kesavan Sreekantan Nair

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3795; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093795 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Introduction: The educational landscape has been expanded to disadvantaged and distant areas through online courses. These online courses have gained extensive interest yet there are limited studies available in the literature. The emergence of massive open online courses (MOOCs) has allowed sustainability educators [...] Read more.

Introduction: The educational landscape has been expanded to disadvantaged and distant areas through online courses. These online courses have gained extensive interest yet there are limited studies available in the literature. The emergence of massive open online courses (MOOCs) has allowed sustainability educators to glimpse the light. Online education is gaining popularity and, with the introduction of MOOCs, would be beneficial for knowledge building and sharing, and the development of learned society. Objective: This study investigated the mediating (indirect) effects of media richness and user-based use motives on the extended UTAUT model, use behavior (UB), and actual use (AU) of MOOCs on health informatics and administration sustainability education among educators and students in Saudi higher learning institutions (HLIs). A theoretical model based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Channel Expansion Theory (CET) was used to investigate the factors that affect the adoption of MOOCs in health informatics and administration education. Methodology: A survey design approach was applied. Cross-sectional data were collected from health informatics educators and students from HLIs in Saudi Arabia. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used for sampling. Data were collected online using Google Forms. A total of 145 completed questionnaires were used in the analysis. PLS-SEM(Version 4.1.1.2) was used for statistical analysis. To investigate the reliability and validity, a measurement model was developed and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted. To test the hypotheses, a structural model was run using bootstrapping, coefficients, standard errors (SE) t-values, p values, and lower and upper-level confidence intervals. Results/Findings: The findings were that system quality and user satisfaction is an important factor in the UTAUT model and the inclusion of media richness and user-based use motives significantly mediated between the expanded UTAUT model and the UB and AU of MOOCs. Moreover, media richness and user-based use motives were found to be dominant factors in the overall study model to predict use behavior and actual use of health informaticians in Saudi Arabia. Conclusions: The combination of these two theories i.e., the UTAUT and CET, can effectively enhance the adoption, use behavior, and actual use of MOOCs in the emerging field of health informatics in Saudi Arabia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of AI in Online Learning and Sustainable Education)

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27 pages, 6339 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Computational Ergo-Design for a Real-Time Baggage Handling System in an Airport

by Ouzna Oukacha, Alain-Jérôme Fougères, Moïse Djoko-Kouam and Egon Ostrosi

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3794; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093794 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Despite the growing importance of human-centered design and ergonomics in various fields, a significant gap exists in applying these principles to robotic systems in airport environments. This paper focuses on a real-time baggage handling monitoring system by proposing a computational ergo-design approach. It [...] Read more.

Despite the growing importance of human-centered design and ergonomics in various fields, a significant gap exists in applying these principles to robotic systems in airport environments. This paper focuses on a real-time baggage handling monitoring system by proposing a computational ergo-design approach. It presents the optimal system architecture for real-time baggage handling. The proposed architecture, called ARTEMIS (ARchitecture for real-TimE baggage handling and MonitorIng System), is designed for real-time baggage handling and monitoring. The circuit modeling is carried out using a directed graph. Five strategies are simulated to test their effectiveness and evaluate their performance within the system. A simulation that generates key indicators enables preliminary visualization and analysis of AGV behavior through predefined scenarios. These results are presented through an intuitive and ergonomic user interface, designed with a focus on user–computer interaction as a problem-solving process centered on the user’s experience. The results show that, if the goal is to balance energy efficiency with effective baggage handling, the Mixed Advance/Delay Strategy appears to be the best overall choice, as it optimizes both energy consumption and baggage handling while maintaining relatively low waiting times. However, if minimizing queue time and maximizing baggage collection are the highest priorities (with less emphasis on energy efficiency), the Turnstile Strategy remains a solid option. In addition, the simulations show that the operator plays a central role in minimizing delays and ensuring the smooth operation of the system. Both local and global system failures depend heavily on the operator’s response time, decision-making, and overall efficiency. Therefore, operator efficiency and a well-designed support system are critical to maintaining a smooth and effective baggage handling process. Full article

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23 pages, 640 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Collaborative Performance of Green Supply Chain Enabled by New Quality Productivity

by Junzhi Zhang and Yuchen Zhang

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3793; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093793 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

As China’s economy transitions to high-quality development, the traditional growth model proves inadequate for current enterprise challenges. Optimizing resource allocation and cultivating new quality productive forces (NQP) constitute critical enablers of green supply chain collaboration and sustainable business practices. Green supply chain (GSC) [...] Read more.

As China’s economy transitions to high-quality development, the traditional growth model proves inadequate for current enterprise challenges. Optimizing resource allocation and cultivating new quality productive forces (NQP) constitute critical enablers of green supply chain collaboration and sustainable business practices. Green supply chain (GSC) collaboration synergizes economic-environmental performance while advancing sustainability. Using longitudinal data (2018–2022) from China’s A-share listed firms, this study examines NQP’s catalytic effects on GSC integration. We operationalized NQP through tripartite metrics (labor inputs, labor objects, and digitized labor processes) and developed a multi-dimensional assessment framework for GSC management integrating economic-environmental criteria. The degree of coupling synergy, calculated through the coupling degree and comprehensive development index, serves as a quantitative measure of GSC collaboration, allowing for a precise assessment of NQP advancement effects. Results demonstrate a significant positive association between NQP development and GSC collaborative performance. Heterogeneity analysis revealed differential impacts, with stronger effects in non-SOEs, technology-intensive sectors, and environmentally sensitive industries. Supply chain digitalization exhibited a moderating effect, strengthening NQP’s influence on GSC outcomes. This research addresses methodological gaps in GSC collaboration measurement and provides novel insights into how NQP drives its synergistic integration. Furthermore, it delivers practical guidance for enterprises to accelerate NQP adoption, optimize GSC partnerships, and operationalize sustainability initiatives. Full article

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Sustainability, Volume 17, Issue 9 (May-1 2025) – 64 articles

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