Sustainability

43 pages, 2084 KB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Resilience and Profitability in Electric Construction Machinery Leasing Supply Chain: A Differential Game Analysis of Maintenance and Contract Design

by Xuesong Chen, Tingting Wang, Meng Li, Shiju Li, Diyi Gao, Yuhan Chen and Kaiye Gao

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3722; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083722 (registering DOI) - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

The production and leasing of electric construction machinery play a critical role in the low-carbon transition. However, from a multi-cycle dynamic perspective, there is a lack of targeted research on how to enhance electric goodwill and AI-enabled maintenance service levels while maximizing enterprise [...] Read more.

The production and leasing of electric construction machinery play a critical role in the low-carbon transition. However, from a multi-cycle dynamic perspective, there is a lack of targeted research on how to enhance electric goodwill and AI-enabled maintenance service levels while maximizing enterprise profits. To fill this gap, this study incorporates AI-enabled O&M effort, R&D technology, AI-enabled maintenance effort, and advertising effort into a long-term dynamic framework to examine optimal decisions for the manufacturer and the lessor. We assume that the information in the leasing supply chain is symmetric, that the marginal profits of the manufacturer and the lessor are fixed parameters, and that the AI-enabled maintenance service effort level and the electric goodwill are taken as state variables. We develop differential game models across four decision cases: centralized (Case C), decentralized (Case D), unilateral cost-sharing contract (Case U), and bilateral cost-sharing contract (Case B). Results demonstrate monotonic state variable trajectories. Both Case U and Case B can achieve supply chain coordination, with the profit-sharing mechanism in Case B proving superior. In addition, the optimal cost-sharing proportion depends on the relative sizes of the manufacturer’s and the lessor’s marginal profits in both Case U and Case B. The AI-enabled maintenance service plays a significant role in enhancing equipment reliability and supply chain resilience. In addition, the impacts of key parameters on optimal decision variables, state variables, profits, and coordination of the leasing supply chain are comprehensively discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Resilience Engineering and Risk Management for Sustainability)

32 pages, 1457 KB

Open AccessArticle

Hedonic Consumption and Niche Marketing in Luxury Floriculture: An Empirical Analysis of Affluent Consumer Behavior and Sustainability Preferences

by Luis A. Flores, Armida Patricia Porras-Loaiza, Craig Watters and Steve Skadron

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3720; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083720 (registering DOI) - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

Using hedonic consumption theory (HCT) and a niche marketing strategy as analytical frameworks, our study examines consumer behavior in the luxury flower market, a swiftly growing segment of the global luxury goods industry. Adopting a nonexperimental, cross-sectional survey design, we collected primary data [...] Read more.

Using hedonic consumption theory (HCT) and a niche marketing strategy as analytical frameworks, our study examines consumer behavior in the luxury flower market, a swiftly growing segment of the global luxury goods industry. Adopting a nonexperimental, cross-sectional survey design, we collected primary data from 392 individuals from affluent households (defined as those with annual incomes exceeding $75,000, per standard demographic criteria) via purposive stratified sampling. Our questionnaire, which was reviewed by experts and tested in a pilot study, examined demographics, buying preferences, sustainability awareness, and hedonic motivations. The main findings show that most clients are well-educated women with substantial wealth. They care most about sensory, emotional, and symbolic qualities. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions robustly supported three hypotheses, gender disparities in appreciation, educational and sustainability awareness, and income influences on quality and variety emphasis, with descriptive evidence aligning with two further hypotheses regarding perceived supply shortages and sustainability preferences. The preferred places to buy include nurseries and high-end florists, suggesting opportunities for SMEs. Our study offers initial evidence supporting the application of HCT to perishable luxury floriculture among younger, educated, affluent consumers in North America. It underscores the hedonic appeal heightened by ephemerality and the potential influence of sustainability as a guilt-free enhancement, while indicating opportunities for niche marketing strategies through customization and sustainable sourcing. Our findings indicate opportunities for businesses aiming to reach comparable younger, educated, affluent demographics to fulfill unmet demand through sustainable sourcing, unique varieties, and customized experiences, which align with the SDGs. We conclude with a future research agenda. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Consumer Behaviour and Environmental Sustainability—Second Edition)

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42 pages, 3577 KB

Open AccessArticle

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Performance and Financial Outcomes in the Middle East and Africa (MEA) Region: A Novel Decision Support Framework

by Muhammad Ikram and Khaoula Degga

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3719; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083719 (registering DOI) - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

The global landscape of sustainability challenges has become increasingly complex, characterized by varying regulatory frameworks and market maturity across different nations. The financial significance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors is influenced by industry and firm-specific attributes. Therefore, this study employs an [...] Read more.

The global landscape of sustainability challenges has become increasingly complex, characterized by varying regulatory frameworks and market maturity across different nations. The financial significance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors is influenced by industry and firm-specific attributes. Therefore, this study employs an integrated decision support framework that combines grey relational analysis (GRA) models including Deng’s GRA, absolute GRA, and a second synthetic grey relational analysis (SSGRA) with firm-level panel regressions to compare ESG and financial performance linkages across 11 Middle East and Africa (MEA) countries and industrial sectors. Furthermore, the study utilized a sensitivity analysis to check the robustness of SSGRG. Results indicate considerable variability in the relationships between ESG and financial performance across the region. The economies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) showed the most robust positive relationship between ESG factors and financial performance based on SSGRG, with Kuwait (0.82), Qatar (0.81), and Saudi Arabia (0.80) predominantly influenced by the social and governance dimensions. Conversely, a weak correlation was demonstrated in Egypt (0.54), Nigeria (0.53), and Kenya (0.56). Moreover, financials, communication services, and materials sectors exhibit the greatest integration of ESG factors into financial performance, with composite SSGRG values ranging from 0.75 to 0.78. In contrast, the information technology and energy sectors demonstrate weak association, with composite SSGRG values falling below 0.60. Furthermore, a conservative maximin analysis reveals that corporate governance in Kenya and environmental performance in Oman are identified as the weakest relationship at the country level, while governance in the information technology and energy sectors, environmental management in real estate, and social performance in consumer discretionary sectors are highlighted as weak connections. This study addresses a gap in the literature by developing a novel decision-support framework, providing fresh empirical evidence from emerging markets, and offering theoretical insights into the into influence of stakeholder and institutional factors on ESG value creation. This study provides implications for investors, corporate managers, and policymakers on sustainable finance in emerging markets and presents a decision-making framework that emphasizes ESG initiatives to enhance financial performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Management of Industrial Carbonization)

28 pages, 1796 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Mapping the Global Research Trends on Pro-Sustainability Behaviours in the Built Environment: A Systematic Review

by Innocent Chigozie Osuizugbo and Bankole Osita Awuzie

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3718; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083718 (registering DOI) - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

Escalating environmental challenges have increased interest in understanding pro-sustainability behaviours (PSBs) within the built environment. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Value–Belief–Norm (VBN) Theory, this study maps the global PSB research landscape and examines how cognitive, normative, and moral [...] Read more.

Escalating environmental challenges have increased interest in understanding pro-sustainability behaviours (PSBs) within the built environment. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Value–Belief–Norm (VBN) Theory, this study maps the global PSB research landscape and examines how cognitive, normative, and moral behavioural determinants are conceptualised. Employing the PRISMA framework and scientometric analysis using VOSviewer, the study analysed 22 key publications sourced from multiple academic databases. The findings indicate a steady growth in PSB research since 2017, with substantial contributions from Asia, particularly Malaysia and China. However, the literature remains theoretically fragmented, with limited integration of established behavioural frameworks. Eight categories of PSBs were identified, demonstrating how TPB constructs (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control) and VBN constructs (values, beliefs, personal norms) are reflected in stakeholder practices across the built environment lifecycle. The findings highlight conceptual gaps, notably the underutilisation of hybrid behavioural models, and emphasise the need for future research that enhances theoretical integration, interdisciplinarity, and geographical diversity. The study provides evidence-based insights to support policy, education, and industry efforts to strengthen PSBs in the built environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

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36 pages, 4259 KB

Open AccessArticle

AI-Driven Catalyst Optimization in Methane Steam Reforming: A Hybrid HGBO–VIKOR and ConvLSTM Framework for Sustainable Hydrogen Production

by Haitham Al Qahtani

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3717; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083717 (registering DOI) - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

Methane steam reforming (MSR) is the most widely used industrial process for hydrogen production. However, catalyst deactivation, carbon emissions, and energy inefficiencies limit its sustainable performance. Therefore, improving catalyst selection and optimizing operating conditions are essential for efficient hydrogen generation. This study proposes [...] Read more.

Methane steam reforming (MSR) is the most widely used industrial process for hydrogen production. However, catalyst deactivation, carbon emissions, and energy inefficiencies limit its sustainable performance. Therefore, improving catalyst selection and optimizing operating conditions are essential for efficient hydrogen generation. This study proposes an artificial intelligence-driven framework to optimize catalyst–condition combinations in MSR systems. The framework integrates Hybrid Golden Beetle Optimization (HGBO), VIKOR-based multi-criteria decision making, and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) modeling. HGBO explores the solution space and generates Pareto-optimal combinations of catalysts and operating conditions. These solutions are then ranked using the VIKOR method. The ranking considers hydrogen yield, methane conversion, energy efficiency, CO₂ emissions, and catalyst lifetime. Economic feasibility is also included in the decision process. ConvLSTM modeling captures spatiotemporal relationships in catalyst and process data and predicts catalyst degradation under different operating conditions. The framework is evaluated using 620 experimentally reported MSR cases collected from the published literature within industrial ranges of 600–1200 °C, 1–40 bar, and H₂O/CH₄ ratios of 1–6. The optimized configurations achieve hydrogen yields up to 98.5%, energy efficiency approaching 99%, and reduced CO₂ emissions of about 0.85 kg h⁻¹. The results provide practical guidance for catalyst selection and process optimization in industrial hydrogen production systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green Hydrogen Production: Electrolysis Technologies and Sustainable Integration)

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29 pages, 1647 KB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Evaluation of EU Circular Economy Sector Performances: Cluster-Driven Analysis and MCDM Methods

by Žarko Rađenović, Ivana Janjić Papakosmidis, Miljana Talić and Miško Rađenović

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3716; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083716 (registering DOI) - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

The main purpose of the research is to rank EU member states by the intensity of their efforts to implement the CE model. Understanding EU member states’ differences is crucial to formulating effective policy measures that foster sustainable development and enhance economic resilience [...] Read more.

The main purpose of the research is to rank EU member states by the intensity of their efforts to implement the CE model. Understanding EU member states’ differences is crucial to formulating effective policy measures that foster sustainable development and enhance economic resilience across the EU. The degree of CE development was examined through three sub-indicators: (i) private investment related to CE sectors; (ii) persons employed in CE sectors; and (iii) gross value added as a percentage of GDP. Data from the Eurostat database for the last five available years were used. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis is used to identify groups of structurally similar countries. Countries are ranked using the PROMETHEE II multi-criteria decision-making method with objectively derived CRITIC weights, complemented by GAIA visualisation. The analysis identifies five distinct clusters with a highly heterogeneous CE landscape across the EU. The PROMETHEE-GAIA research results reveal two different paths on which European countries are moving towards CE. The first, characterized by high structural maturity but limited dynamic flexibility, is evident in Sweden and Belgium. And the second path, illustrated by Estonia and Croatia, is distinguished by a rapid pace of transformation and lower historical structural capacities. Full article

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34 pages, 3344 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating Fare Structure with Best–Worst Method for Improving Sustainable Transit Operations: Istanbul Metro Example

by Ömer Murat Urhan and Mustafa Gürsoy

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3715; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083715 (registering DOI) - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

Public transportation (PT) is key to breaking the vicious cycle of private vehicles, a critical sustainability challenge in developing countries. The increase in population raises the number of private cars, and this trend continues. PT plays a vital role in reducing car use, [...] Read more.

Public transportation (PT) is key to breaking the vicious cycle of private vehicles, a critical sustainability challenge in developing countries. The increase in population raises the number of private cars, and this trend continues. PT plays a vital role in reducing car use, traffic congestion, and environmental pollution. Fare is crucial to the system’s ability to encourage passengers to use PT. It affects mobility, the quality of life, and the sustainability of the system. This study aims to examine Istanbul’s optimal fare system using the BWM (Best–Worst Method) for PT fare for the first time. Furthermore, it is the first study to compare fare structures and criteria for Istanbul, Europe’s second-largest city, where transportation affects quality of life. The most frequently used fare structures and criteria in the literature and practice were weighted by experts using BWM surveys for the Istanbul Metro. The results show that distance-based fare (DBF) (43.7%) is the best fare structure, while flat fare (FF) (12.2%) is the weakest. For the criteria weightings, benefit received (24.4%) and social equity (22.7%) are seen as superior. Finally, the impact of the criterion on the fare structure was demonstrated through analysis, and its importance for experts in evaluating PT was highlighted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Sustainable Public Transport in Urban Areas – Optimization, Management and Development)

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26 pages, 9892 KB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Correlation Network of Carbon Emissions in Belt and Road Countries: Social Network Analysis and TERGM (2011–2020)

by Lei Zhang, Meixian Wang, Wenjing Ma, Zuojian Zheng, Hongxian Li and Chunlu Liu

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3714; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083714 (registering DOI) - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

The countries in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) significantly influence global carbon emissions, and the spatial correlation and driving mechanisms of their emissions are crucial for regional emission reduction and global climate governance. This study constructs a carbon emission spatial correlation network, [...] Read more.

The countries in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) significantly influence global carbon emissions, and the spatial correlation and driving mechanisms of their emissions are crucial for regional emission reduction and global climate governance. This study constructs a carbon emission spatial correlation network, where links represent pairwise spatial correlations derived from a modified gravity model, using data from 54 BRI countries (2011–2020). It applies social network analysis (SNA) to examine the network structure and uses the Temporal Exponential Random Graph Model (TERGM) to identify influencing factors. The main findings are as follows: (1) The BRI carbon emission network has become more interconnected and cohesive, with stronger regional connectivity and reduced inequality. (2) The network shows a core–periphery structure with notable spatial association patterns. Countries like Qatar, Israel, India, China, and the UAE have rapidly established carbon emission links, positioning them at the core due to their high connectivity and influence. (3) The network displays temporal dependence, with reciprocity associated with stronger mutual connections and transitivity associated with more cohesive network structures. Technological innovation and industrial structure optimization are positively associated with the formation of carbon emission connections, while energy structure and foreign investment are negatively associated with it. Economic development and technological innovation are associated with a country’s greater involvement in carbon emission connections, and countries with similar urbanization rates, energy, and industrial structures, but large economic disparities are more likely to form carbon emission associations, reflecting potential complementarities in the network structure. Full article

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32 pages, 5249 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Type-Based Assessment Method for Matching Policy Supply to Everyday Demands in Age-Friendly Spaces: A Case Study of Changsha, China

by Jie Yang and Xuan Chen

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3713; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083713 (registering DOI) - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

Against the backdrop of intensifying global population aging, ensuring the sustainable provision of age-friendly spaces has become an important domain of urban policy intervention. A close examination of the supply–demand matching of age-friendly spaces is therefore essential for policymakers seeking to achieve social [...] Read more.

Against the backdrop of intensifying global population aging, ensuring the sustainable provision of age-friendly spaces has become an important domain of urban policy intervention. A close examination of the supply–demand matching of age-friendly spaces is therefore essential for policymakers seeking to achieve social and environmental sustainability in an aging society. However, existing approaches to assessing this alignment primarily rely on quantitative analyses of geographical spatial distribution, lacking methods to evaluate the structural alignment of spatial functional types. To address this gap, this study proposes and validates a type-based quantitative approach to examining the alignment between policy supply and everyday demands for age-friendly spaces. By integrating policy text analysis, questionnaire surveys, activity logs, and behavior snapshots, the study identifies the types of age-friendly spaces mentioned by policies and those demanded in daily life, and quantitatively evaluates their alignment using a matching model. The results show that the older adults’ spatial demands shift progressively from life-oriented spaces to survival-oriented spaces as age increases and health declines. More importantly, a significant structural imbalance is evident: survival-oriented spaces are oversupplied, while life-oriented spaces remain in short supply. This study provides a diagnostic method for assessing the provision of age-friendly spaces and provides practical implications for local governments in formulating more balanced, responsive, and sustainable supply strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Health, Well-Being and Sustainability)

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16 pages, 1830 KB

Open AccessArticle

Energy Transition Divergence and Carbon Lock-in: A 50-Year Comparative Analysis of Japan, Australia, India, and South Africa (1970–2022)

by Keisuke Kokubun

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3712; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083712 (registering DOI) - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

Understanding why national decarbonization pathways diverge is essential for designing effective climate and energy policy. Using harmonized data for 1970–2022 from Our World in Data and the Maddison Project Database, this study examines long-run emission trends and electricity-mix transitions in four countries representing [...] Read more.

Understanding why national decarbonization pathways diverge is essential for designing effective climate and energy policy. Using harmonized data for 1970–2022 from Our World in Data and the Maddison Project Database, this study examines long-run emission trends and electricity-mix transitions in four countries representing distinct energy regimes: Japan, Australia, India, and South Africa. We combine per-capita and total CO₂ trajectories with a Kaya–LMDI decomposition aligned with updated methodological guidelines. Results reveal persistent and deepening transition divergence. Japan experienced partial decoupling before a nuclear vulnerability shock in 2011 reversed progress and temporarily increased fossil dependence. Australia shows a recent erosion of long-standing coal lock-in, driven by policy reform and falling renewable costs. India and South Africa remain highly coal-dependent, with population and income growth overwhelming improvements in energy intensity. Across countries, efficiency gains contributed to emission mitigation, but only structural changes in fuel mix produced sustained reductions in carbon intensity. Taken together, these findings suggest that divergent institutional and infrastructural lock-in conditions—rather than income levels alone—shape the pace, direction, and resilience of decarbonization. The study also speaks to recent international policy debates emphasized by the IPCC and the IEA, as well as to justice-oriented discussions in the energy transition literature. The results highlight major implications for climate policy, energy-system resilience, and just transition strategies. Full article

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24 pages, 674 KB

Open AccessReview

Defining a New IoT-Enabled Smart Grid Sustainable Business Model: Success Factors in Three EU Blockchain-Driven Projects

by Riccardo Carnevale and Cosimo Damiano Carpentiere

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3711; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083711 (registering DOI) - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

This paper investigates blockchain applications in the EU’s energy sector, particularly its integration into Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled smart grid systems. The study begins by mapping current EU regulations and incentives for smart energy solutions and reviews emerging smart grid technologies across Europe. [...] Read more.

This paper investigates blockchain applications in the EU’s energy sector, particularly its integration into Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled smart grid systems. The study begins by mapping current EU regulations and incentives for smart energy solutions and reviews emerging smart grid technologies across Europe. The goal is to develop an Innovative Success Framework by analyzing European case studies, aiming to guide energy managers with practical strategies for improving smart grid efficiency. Key findings underscore the role of blockchain in ensuring secure, transparent energy transactions, addressing data security, energy distribution, and decentralized markets. Detailed case studies reveal common success factors: strong regulations, robust technology, and stakeholder engagement. The resulting framework aids energy managers in navigating smart grid complexities, promoting sustainable development through efficient, resilient, and low-carbon energy infrastructures. This research enriches discussions on smart energy, offering policymakers and industry professionals a tool to harness blockchain for advancing sustainable and secure energy systems in line with long-term EU development goals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Management)

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44 pages, 2417 KB

Open AccessReview

Digital Approaches for Climate-Responsive Urban Planning: A Human-Centred Review of Microclimate and Outdoor Thermal Comfort

by Mohamed H. El Nabawi Mahgoub, Haifa Ebrahim Al Khalifa and Elmira Jamei

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3710; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083710 (registering DOI) - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

Rapid urbanisation and climate change are intensifying urban heat stress, posing significant challenges for climate-responsive urban planning. Digital and data-driven approaches, including GIS, remote sensing, microclimate simulation, and artificial intelligence (AI), have advanced urban climate analysis; however, their capacity to support human-centred planning [...] Read more.

Rapid urbanisation and climate change are intensifying urban heat stress, posing significant challenges for climate-responsive urban planning. Digital and data-driven approaches, including GIS, remote sensing, microclimate simulation, and artificial intelligence (AI), have advanced urban climate analysis; however, their capacity to support human-centred planning remains insufficiently synthesised. This review analyses 78 peer-reviewed studies (2015–2025) to evaluate how digital methods address urban microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort. The reviewed studies are classified into four methodological groups: spatial data analytics, simulation-based models, parametric and optimisation workflows, and AI-driven or hybrid approaches. The results show that the majority of studies rely on proxy indicators, such as land surface temperature and sky view factor, while physiologically based comfort indices (e.g., PET and UTCI) are applied in a limited proportion of studies and remain largely confined to microscale simulations. A persistent scale mismatch is identified between large-scale analytics and pedestrian-level thermal experience, alongside geographic and climatic biases, particularly in hot-arid regions. Unlike previous reviews, this study integrates digital methodologies, urban microclimate processes, and human-centred thermal comfort within a unified framework. The findings provide actionable insights for planners and designers by supporting the integration of thermal comfort into multi-scale, climate-responsive decision-making. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

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21 pages, 8738 KB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling the Land-Use-Driven Energy Consumption Nexus in Shaanxi Province, China: A Digital Approach Integrating Machine Learning and Spatial Simulation

by Longxin Liu and Xiaohu Yang

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3709; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083709 (registering DOI) - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

Within the context of regional energy governance, land use has emerged as a critical regulatory interface for managing energy demand. Clarifying the land-use–energy nexus is a technical prerequisite for evidence-based and spatially explicit energy planning. This study develops a digital modeling framework that [...] Read more.

Within the context of regional energy governance, land use has emerged as a critical regulatory interface for managing energy demand. Clarifying the land-use–energy nexus is a technical prerequisite for evidence-based and spatially explicit energy planning. This study develops a digital modeling framework that integrates machine learning (Random Forest, achieving R² = 0.95/0.91 for training/testing) and spatial simulation (Patch-generating Land Use Simulation model, with 82.5% accuracy for industrial land) to quantify land-use-driven energy dynamics in Shaanxi Province, China (2005–2030). Key findings reveal: (1) socioeconomic factors dominate land-use expansion, with service industries (14.8–22.4%) and infrastructure (13.5–18.9%) acting as primary drivers, leading to a projected 94.2% growth in urban built-up areas and a tripling of total energy consumption; (2) structural transitions indicate a declining industrial energy share (from 68% to 54%) and reduced coal dependency (from 78% to 62%), though with significant regional disparities; (3) spatial analysis identifies critical energy path-dependency risks in Xi’an City and Yulin City, which are projected to account for 70% of provincial consumption by 2030. These results demonstrate that land-use structure constitutes a direct physical interface linking regional development with energy demand trajectories. The findings underscore the necessity of transitioning from generalized energy policies toward data-driven, land-use-based energy constraints, providing a digital evidentiary base for more precise and stable regional energy governance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic AI and Multi-Source Geospatial Observation for Global Change, Ecological Sustainability and Land System Science)

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22 pages, 542 KB

Open AccessArticle

Can Executives with Environmental Expertise Promote Open Innovation?

by Jiaqi Feng, Qian Song, Haitao Cheng and Miaohui Huang

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3708; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083708 (registering DOI) - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

This paper examines whether executives’ environmental expertise shapes firms’ engagement in open innovation. Open innovation requires long-term, uncertain, and relationship-specific investments, yet such investments are often underprovided due to manage rial short-termism. Based on stewardship theory, we argue that environmental expertise embeds a [...] Read more.

This paper examines whether executives’ environmental expertise shapes firms’ engagement in open innovation. Open innovation requires long-term, uncertain, and relationship-specific investments, yet such investments are often underprovided due to manage rial short-termism. Based on stewardship theory, we argue that environmental expertise embeds a long-horizon cognitive orientation in executives and alleviates managerial myopia. Based on the upper echelons theory, we posit that executives with environmental expertise could significantly influence corporate strategies, specifically enhancing corporate open innovation activities. Using a panel of 40,133 firm–year observations from Chinese listed firms over 2002–2022, we find that firms led by environmentally expertised executives exhibit significantly greater open innovation, measured by co-patenting activities. To address endogeneity concerns, we implement a stacked difference-in-differences design and propensity score matching. Our results remain robust in a battery of robustness tests. Consistent with the managerial myopia alleviation argument, we show that the effect of executives with green expertise on open innovation is stronger in settings where short-term pressures are more pronounced, including firms with weaker governance and higher capital market pressure. This study highlights and provides micro-level evidence on how environmental human capital enables firms to adopt sustainability-oriented business models through open innovation. Overall, our findings contribute to the literature on sustainable entrepreneurship and open innovation and offer practical implications for firms and policymakers seeking to support long-term, innovation-driven sustainability transitions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entrepreneurship and Open Innovation from the Perspective of Sustainable Business Models: 2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 410 KB

Open AccessArticle

Validity and Reliability Analysis of the Household Water Insecurity Experiences Scale: The Case of Argentina

by Ianina Tuñón, Matías Maljar, Nazarena Bauso, Olga P. García and Hugo Melgar Quiñonez

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3707; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083707 - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

The objective is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale as a tool to assess the experiences of households and the Argentine population regarding insecurity of access to water. Addressing water insecurity is critical for advancing [...] Read more.

The objective is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale as a tool to assess the experiences of households and the Argentine population regarding insecurity of access to water. Addressing water insecurity is critical for advancing several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), and SDG 1 (No Poverty), given the strong links between access to safe water, health, and poverty reduction. The scale was administered as part of the Argentine Social Debt Survey (EDSA), on a probabilistic sample of 5799 households. The HWISE Scale demonstrated high reliability both overall and at the item level (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.95 at a total level and greater than 0.94 for each of the items) and criterion validity in terms of correlation with a broad set of indicators: social deprivations, sanitary infrastructure, food insecurity, and psychological health. Finally, the scale showed internal consistency, with a total omega coefficient value of 0.96, suggesting that all scale indicators refer to the same concept of deprivation in water access. In sum, the HWISE Scale applied to the case of Argentina is deemed appropriate for estimating household water insecurity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Development Goals towards Sustainability)

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18 pages, 3582 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Objective Eco-Routing Optimization for Timber Transportation Considering Carbon Emissions and Ecological Disturbance

by Dongtao Han and Yuewei Ma

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3706; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083706 - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

Forest harvesting transportation planning must balance operational efficiency with environmental sustainability, because timber transportation can cause both soil disturbance and carbon emissions. However, most vehicle routing studies primarily focus on economic objectives such as distance or cost minimization, whereas environmental impacts are often [...] Read more.

Forest harvesting transportation planning must balance operational efficiency with environmental sustainability, because timber transportation can cause both soil disturbance and carbon emissions. However, most vehicle routing studies primarily focus on economic objectives such as distance or cost minimization, whereas environmental impacts are often considered separately. The integrated optimization of ecological disturbance and carbon emissions remains limited in forest transportation planning. To address this gap, this study formulates a multi-vehicle routing optimization model for timber transportation that simultaneously minimizes transportation distance, makespan, soil disturbance, and CO₂ emissions within a hierarchical forest road network. An enhanced evolutionary algorithm, Eco-Constrained Lévy-flight Local Search NSGA-II (ECLS-NSGA-II), is proposed to improve convergence and maintain environmentally favorable routing solutions. Simulation experiments comparing ECLS-NSGA-II with NSGA-II, MOPSO, MOEA/D, and WS-GA demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior performance across all objectives, producing shorter routes, lower completion times, and reduced CO₂ emissions while maintaining minimal ecological disturbance. Additional experiments on randomly generated networks further confirm the robustness of the proposed approach. These results indicate that the proposed framework provides an effective methodological tool for environmentally sustainable timber transportation planning in forest operations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Mobility Engineering and Sustainability)

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19 pages, 334 KB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Impact and Mechanism of Country Distance on China’s Feed Grain Import Resilience

by Ruyu Wang, Yanping Lu, Haifeng Xiao, Jialin Shi and Ming Li

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3705; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083705 - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

Frequent major emergencies threaten the security of the feed grain import supply chain. Enhancing import resilience is essential for supporting a new development pattern. However, research on a dedicated system to evaluate the resilience of China’s feed grain imports remains limited. In addition, [...] Read more.

Frequent major emergencies threaten the security of the feed grain import supply chain. Enhancing import resilience is essential for supporting a new development pattern. However, research on a dedicated system to evaluate the resilience of China’s feed grain imports remains limited. In addition, strategies to strengthen resilience based on country-specific distances are still underexplored. This study constructs a comprehensive indicator system for China’s feed grain import resilience, using data from 2000 to 2023. It empirically examines the impact of country distance on this resilience across four dimensions: geographic distance, economic distance, institutional distance, and cultural distance. The findings indicate that country distance has an inhibitory effect on China’s feed grain import resilience. This conclusion holds true even after testing various adjustments, such as changes to core explanatory and dependent variables, modifications in sample sizes, alterations in measurement methods, and the introduction of instrumental variables. Further analysis reveals that country distance undermines feed grain import resilience by significantly reducing trade efficiency. However, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Regional Trade Agreements (RTA) help mitigate the negative impact of country distance on resilience. To strengthen China’s feed grain import resilience, it is crucial to enhance cultural and institutional trust, improve trade efficiency, and optimize import distribution. This study provides empirical evidence to support the safety of China’s feed grain imports and promote efficient, mutually beneficial trade in feed grains with partner countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Scientific Achievements in the Agri-Food Supply Chain Towards Sustainable Foods V)

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29 pages, 841 KB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Influencing Building Information Modeling (BIM) Adoption Intention Among Multiple Stakeholders to Promote the Sustainable Development of the Construction Industry: Insights from the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) Theoretical Framework

by Mingjia Huang and Guanfeng Yan

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3704; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083704 - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

BIM is a key technology for the digital transformation and sustainable development of the construction industry through enhanced productivity, transparency, and fostered innovation. Although scholars have investigated the constructs driving BIM adoption intention, a comprehensive framework has seldom been adopted, and thus some [...] Read more.

BIM is a key technology for the digital transformation and sustainable development of the construction industry through enhanced productivity, transparency, and fostered innovation. Although scholars have investigated the constructs driving BIM adoption intention, a comprehensive framework has seldom been adopted, and thus some vital factors have been overlooked, such as collaboration partner pressure. Meanwhile, the targeted group is usually practitioners of a certain type of company while a construction project requires the participation of multiple types of companies. To address these research gaps, the aim of this study is to explore the factors driving various stakeholders’ intention to adopt BIM by applying the TOE framework, considering nine factors across three dimensions. A total of 512 valid responses from owners, consulting firms, design firms, construction companies, suppliers, engineering surveying firms, and universities or research institutes were collected and analyzed through the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The SEM results indicated that six factors were positively related to the intention to employ BIM, among which management commitment (β = 0.182, p < 0.001) and perceived ease of use (β = 0.180, p < 0.001) exhibited the strongest effects. However, three factors (perceived usefulness, supporting technical facilities, and mimetic pressure) exerted no significant influence. The findings of this study may provide a valuable reference for promoting the application of BIM technology in the construction industry. Full article

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29 pages, 1271 KB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding User Perceptions of Gardening Apps Supporting Sustainability

by Marcin Wyskwarski, Iwona Zdonek, Beata Hysa and Dariusz Zdonek

Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3703; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083703 - 9 Apr 2026

Abstract

Research on information and communication technologies (ICTs) in sustainable agriculture has largely been technocentric, focusing on effectiveness, efficiency, and adoption, with limited consideration of end-user perceptions in practice. This study addresses this gap by examining perceptions of mobile gardening apps as accessible ICT [...] Read more.

Research on information and communication technologies (ICTs) in sustainable agriculture has largely been technocentric, focusing on effectiveness, efficiency, and adoption, with limited consideration of end-user perceptions in practice. This study addresses this gap by examining perceptions of mobile gardening apps as accessible ICT tools that may support sustainable behaviours. Based on over 180,000 user reviews from Google Play and the Apple App Store, Contextualized Topic Modeling (CTM) was used to identify key themes and interpret them within the Theory of Consumption Value (TCV) framework. This approach allows for the analysis of functional, emotional, and epistemic dimensions of user experiences based on large-scale, real-world data. The results indicate that functional aspects, such as reliability and usability, dominate app evaluation, but emotional engagement and knowledge acquisition also play a significant role. By combining a data-driven approach with a well-established behavioural framework, this study bridges the gap between technological and user perspectives. It simultaneously extends the application of the TCV to the field of ICT solutions supporting sustainable development and provides practical guidance for designing more effective gardening apps. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in Circular Economy and Sustainable Development)

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