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Symmetry
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Bone Biology and Microstructure
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Bone Biology and Microstructure

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Life Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 4872

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Monika Martiniaková

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
Interests: nutrients; natural products; bone biology; bone-related diseases; osteoporosis; diabetes
Dr. Birgit Grosskopf

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Historical Anthropology and Human Ecology, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Universität Göttingen, Bürgerstr. 50 37073 Göttingen, Germany
Interests: bone and teeth histology; age diagnosis; cremations; forensic sciences

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bone biology represents a rapidly expanding field, enabling a complete understanding of both bone physiology and pathophysiology. It brings together the traditional fields of anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics with the increasingly complex fields of developmental biology and molecular genetics. Detailed knowledge of all aforementioned research areas has developed dramatically in the last few decades. Recent studies have shown that bone influences the activity of other organs and that bone is also affected by other organs and systems, providing new insights and evidencing the complexity and dynamic nature of bone tissue. Understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of various bone-related diseases and the use of innovative biomaterials to treat different bone defects represent a major impetus for current bone research from a biomedical point of view. In addition, bone asymmetry is thought to essentially result from disproportionate mechanical stress, which influences bone remodeling and plasticity and is considered to be an attractive research area. This Special Issue welcomes original research papers, reviews, and short communications related to the field of bone biology with a special emphasis on bone microstructure using both recent and ancient bone samples of human and/or animal origin. However, investigations in other fields that cross-link with the bone, such as metabolism, nutrition, toxicology, or immunology, are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Monika Martiniaková
Dr. Birgit Grosskopf
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bone biology
  • microstructure
  • biomedicine
  • toxicology
  • nutrition
  • pathophysiology
  • forensic sciences

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1052 KiB  
Article
The Effect of the Repair of Induced Articular Cartilage Defects in Pigs Using Calcium Phosphate Cement with Aminoacids on the Concentrations of Selected Inflammatory Markers and Serum Enzyme Activities
by Csilla Tóthová, Oskar Nagy, Jaroslav Novotný, Katarína Vdoviaková, Lenka Krešáková, Ján Danko, Zdeněk Žert, Lubomír Medvecký and Eva Petrovová
Symmetry 2021, 13(9), 1720; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091720 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1696
Abstract
The repair of articular cartilage defects is an intensively developing area of research. Severe inflammatory reactions after surgical interventions on bones or their structures may lead to changes of bone or joint asymmetry. In laboratory diagnostics, some inflammatory biomarkers and serum enzymes are [...] Read more.
The repair of articular cartilage defects is an intensively developing area of research. Severe inflammatory reactions after surgical interventions on bones or their structures may lead to changes of bone or joint asymmetry. In laboratory diagnostics, some inflammatory biomarkers and serum enzymes are available for the evaluation of these inflammatory processes. A general understanding of inflammatory responses following the repair of cartilage defects is still lacking. The aim of this study was to describe the alterations in the values of five inflammatory markers and the activities of several enzymes in seven 5-month-old pigs within the first 30 days following the restoration of induced articular cartilage defects using the tetracalcium phosphate/nanomoneite cement powder enriched with amino acids (CAL). The reconstruction of surgically induced defects was accompanied by a significant increase of serum amyloid A (SAA, p < 0.05), haptoglobin (Hp, p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP, p < 0.01), and pig major acute phase protein (pig-MAP, p < 0.001). Their concentrations decreased gradually within one-month post-surgery, the values recorded at the end of this period were higher than those obtained prior to surgery. The concentrations of α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) showed no significant changes during the evaluated period. Alterations were also found in the enzyme activities of creatine kinase (p < 0.05), lactate-dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that SAA, Hp, CRP and pig-MAP might be applicable biomarkers of acute phase response for the monitoring of postoperative period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone Biology and Microstructure)
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12 pages, 4440 KiB  
Article
The Symmetric 3D Organization of Connective Tissue around Implant Abutment: A Key-Issue to Prevent Bone Resorption
by Giovanna Iezzi, Francesca Di Lillo, Michele Furlani, Marco Degidi, Adriano Piattelli and Alessandra Giuliani
Symmetry 2021, 13(7), 1126; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13071126 - 24 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2262
Abstract
Symmetric and well-organized connective tissues around the longitudinal implant axis were hypothesized to decrease early bone resorption by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. Previous studies that referred to the connective tissue around implant and abutments were based on two-dimensional investigations; however, only advanced three-dimensional [...] Read more.
Symmetric and well-organized connective tissues around the longitudinal implant axis were hypothesized to decrease early bone resorption by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. Previous studies that referred to the connective tissue around implant and abutments were based on two-dimensional investigations; however, only advanced three-dimensional characterizations could evidence the organization of connective tissue microarchitecture in the attempt of finding new strategies to reduce inflammatory cell infiltration. We retrieved three implants with a cone morse implant–abutment connection from patients; they were investigated by high-resolution X-ray phase-contrast microtomography, cross-linking the obtained information with histologic results. We observed transverse and longitudinal orientated collagen bundles intertwining with each other. In the longitudinal planes, it was observed that the closer the fiber bundles were to the implant, the more symmetric and regular their course was. The transverse bundles of collagen fibers were observed as semicircular, intersecting in the lamina propria of the mucosa and ending in the oral epithelium. No collagen fibers were found radial to the implant surface. This intertwining three-dimensional pattern seems to favor the stabilization of the soft tissues around the implants, preventing inflammatory cell apical migration and, consequently, preventing bone resorption and implant failure. This fact, according to the authors’ best knowledge, has never been reported in the literature and might be due to the physical forces acting on fibroblasts and on the collagen produced by the fibroblasts themselves, in areas close to the implant and to the symmetric geometry of the implant itself. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone Biology and Microstructure)
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