Medical image segmentation is a critical application of computer vision in the analysis of medical images. Its primary objective is to isolate regions of interest in medical images from the background, thereby assisting clinicians in accurately ident...
Objectives: This scoping review was conducted to determine the barriers and enablers associated with the acceptance of artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML)-enabled innovations into radiology practice from a physician’s perspective....
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is an international standard that defines a format for storing medical images and a protocol to enable and facilitate data communication among medical imaging systems. The DICOM standard has been...
With the increasing dominance of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, the important prospects for their application have extended to various medical fields, including domains such as in vitro diagnosis, intelligent rehabilitation, medical imaging...
Photon-counting Computed Tomography (PCCT) is a promising imaging technique. Using detectors that count the number and energy of photons in multiple bins, PCCT offers several advantages over conventional CT, including a higher image quality, reduced...
Computed Tomography Urography (CTU) is a multiphase CT examination optimized for imaging kidneys, ureters, and bladder, complemented by post-contrast excretory phase imaging. Different protocols are available for contrast administration and image acq...
Introduction: Ultrasound diagnostics is an important examination method in everyday clinical practice, but student education is often inadequate for acquiring sufficient basic skills. Individual universities have therefore started integrating (extra)...
Imaging biomarkers (IBs) have been proposed in medical literature that exploit images in a quantitative way, going beyond the visual assessment by an imaging physician. These IBs can be used in the diagnosis, prognosis, and response assessment of sev...
Dual-energy CT (DECT) is an innovative technology that is increasingly widespread in clinical practice. DECT allows for tissue characterization beyond that of conventional CT as imaging is performed using different energy spectra that can help differ...
The utilization of extended reality (ER) has been increasingly explored in the medical field over the past ten years. A comprehensive analysis of scientific publications was conducted to assess the applications of ER in the field of diagnostic imagin...
Since its first introduction more than 30 years ago, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized ophthalmology practice, providing a non-invasive in vivo cross-sectional view of the structures of the eye. Mostly employed in the clinical set...
Photon-counting CT (PCCT) is powerful for spectral imaging and material decomposition but produces noisy weighted filtered backprojection (wFBP) reconstructions. Although iterative reconstruction effectively denoises these images, it requires extensi...
Computed tomography (CT) is used in a wide range of medical imaging diagnoses. However, the reconstruction of CT images from raw projection data is inherently complex and is subject to artifacts and noise, which compromises image quality and accuracy...
Diagnosing and screening for diabetic retinopathy is a well-known issue in the biomedical field. A component of computer-aided diagnosis that has advanced significantly over the past few years as a result of the development and effectiveness of deep...
Employing the full arsenal of therapeutics to treat brain tumors is limited by the relative impermeability of the blood–brain and blood–tumor barriers. In physiologic states, the blood–brain barrier serves a protective role by passi...
The skull base provides a platform for supporting the brain while serving as a conduit for major neurovascular structures. In addition to malignant lesions originating in the skull base, there are many benign entities and developmental variants that...
Accurate assessment of N staging in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is critical for the development of effective treatment plans, the optimization of therapeutic strategies, and the enhancement of patient survival rates. This study p...
The 2021 WHO (World Health Organization) classification of brain tumors incorporated the rapid advances in the molecular, genetic, and pathogenesis understanding of brain tumor pathogenesis, behavior, and treatment response. It revolutionized brain t...
Background: Collateral status is an important predictor for the outcome of acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. Multiphase computed-tomography angiography (mCTA) is useful to evaluate the collateral status, but visual evaluation of this...
The study of the maxillary sinus anatomy should consider the presence of two features of clinical importance. The arterial supply course and the presence of the so-called Underwood septa are two important factors to consider when planning surgical tr...
In this study, we assess image quality in computed tomography scans reconstructed via DLIR (Deep Learning Image Reconstruction) and compare it with iterative reconstruction ASIR-V (Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction) in CT (computed tomogr...
This exploratory retrospective study aims to quantitatively compare the image quality of unenhanced brain computed tomography (CT) reconstructed with an iterative (AIDR-3D) and a deep learning-based (AiCE) reconstruction algorithm. After a preliminar...
Deep learning (DL) reconstruction techniques to improve MR image quality are becoming commercially available with the hope that they will be applicable to multiple imaging application sites and acquisition protocols. However, before clinical implemen...
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) typically affects the elderly and can cause cognitive decline, resulting in its differential diagnosis with other neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, it is probably underdiagnosed; such under- and misdiagnosis...
We investigated the relationships between radiation dose indices and body size indices in adult body computed tomography (CT). A total of 3200 CT scans of the thoracic, abdominal, abdominopelvic, or thoraco-abdominopelvic regions performed using one...
This study was performed to assess the value of SPECT/CT radiomics parameters in differentiating enchondroma and atypical cartilaginous tumors (ACTs) located in the long bones. Quantitative HDP SPECT/CT data of 49 patients with enchondromas or ACTs i...
In this technical note, we examine the capabilities of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for diagnosing osteoporosis through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the mandible. The evaluation was conducted using 188 patients’ m...
The concept of ‘brain age’, derived from neuroimaging data, serves as a crucial biomarker reflecting cognitive vitality and neurodegenerative trajectories. In the past decade, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) integration has t...
This review provides unique insights to the scientific scope and clinical visions of the inventors and pioneers of the SoftVue breast tomographic ultrasound (BTUS). Their >20-year collaboration produced extensive basic research and technology deve...
Anal cancer is a rare disease, but its incidence has been increasing steadily. Primary staging and assessment after chemoradiation therapy are commonly performed using MRI, which is considered to be the preferred imaging modality. CT and PET/CT are u...
Early response assessment is critical for personalizing cancer therapy. Emerging therapeutic regimens with encouraging results in the wild-type (WT) KRAS colorectal cancer (CRC) setting include inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) an...
This study reviews the two most important and frequently used systems of tomography used in dentistry today. These are the dental panoramic radiograph (DPR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The importance of the DPR has been accentuated by t...
Accurate prediction of individual breast cancer risk paves the way for personalised prevention and early detection. The incorporation of genetic information and breast density has been shown to improve predictions for existing models, but detailed im...
Synthetic MR Imaging allows for the reconstruction of different image contrasts from a single acquisition, reducing scan times. Commercial products that implement synthetic MRI are used in research. They rely on vendor-specific acquisitions and do no...
Background: Endovascular intervention is now the primary line of therapy for arterial injury brought on by pelvic trauma since it can significantly reduce considerable morbidity associated with surgery and can swiftly access and control bleeding site...
Quantitative analysis of intracranial vessel segments typically requires the identification of the vessels’ centerlines, and a path-finding algorithm can be used to automatically detect vessel segments’ centerlines. This study compared th...
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive bedside imaging technique that provides real-time lung ventilation information on critically ill patients. EIT can potentially become a valuable tool for optimising mechanical ventilation, espec...
Breast cancer was the most diagnosed cancer around the world in 2020. Screening programs, based on mammography, aim to achieve early diagnosis which is of extreme importance when it comes to cancer. There are several flaws associated with mammography...
Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease that affects the liver in more than 70% of cases, and there is still an underestimated incidence in endemic areas. With a peculiar clinical presentation that ranges from paucisymptomatic illness t...
Purpose: Reliable and objective measures of abdominal fat distribution across imaging modalities are essential for various clinical and research scenarios, such as assessing cardiometabolic disease risk due to obesity. We aimed to compare quantitativ...
Although the clinical benefits of computed tomography (CT) are undoubtedly high, radiation doses received by patients are also relatively high; therefore, radiation dose management is mandatory to optimize CT radiation doses and prevent excessive rad...
The choroid is the most vascularized structure of the eye and it is fundamental for the trophism of the outer retina. Its proper functioning and homeostasis represent key points in maintaining normal retinal physiology. Choroidal alterations may be i...
Ovarian cancer, a deadly female reproductive system disease, is a significant challenge in medical research due to its notorious lethality. Addressing ovarian cancer in the current medical landscape has become more complex than ever. This research ex...
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of intra- and/or extrahepatic bile ducts leading to the formation of multifocal strictures alternated to bile duct dilatations. The diagn...
Objective: To assess the prevalence and clinical implications of variant sciatic nerve anatomy in relation to the piriformis muscle on magnetic resonance neurography (MRN), in patients with lumbosacral neuropathic symptoms. Materials and Methods: In...
Introduction: Recent advances in tumor visualization have improved the extent of resection (EOR) of primary and secondary tumors of the central nervous system, while limiting the morbidity and mortality of the surgery. One area of recent interest has...
Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are a significant cause of orofacial pain. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been successfully applied to other imaging modalities but remains underexplored in ultrasonographic evaluations of TMJ. Ob...
Detailed visualization of the cribriform plate is challenging due to its intricate structure. This study investigates how computed tomography (CT) with a novel photon counting (PC) detector enhance cribriform plate visualization compared to tradition...
X-ray computed tomography is a widely used, non-destructive imaging technique that computes cross-sectional images of an object from a set of X-ray absorption profiles (the so-called sinogram). The computation of the image from the sinogram is an ill...
This review is focused on the current status of quantitative MRI (qMRI) of skeletal muscle. The first section covers the techniques of qMRI in muscle with the focus on each quantitative parameter, the corresponding imaging sequence, discussion of the...
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