Mechanisms and Biomarkers for Drug and Chemical Toxicity: Recent In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Novel Methods in Toxicology Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2023) | Viewed by 3029

Special Issue Editors

National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
Interests: hepatotoxicity; biomarker; microRNAs; hepatocytes; toxicology; microphysiological systems
National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
Interests: cardiotoxicity; biomarker; human iPSC-CMs

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The knowledge in drug and chemical toxicity is rapidly growing. New in vitro and in vivo models are being developed or refined to facilitate the study of drug and chemical toxicity. Some examples include induced pluripotential stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes, microphysiological systems, and humanized mice. Advanced analytic approaches, such as next-generation sequencing, are being incorporated in toxicity studies. As result, novel mechanisms and biomarkers are emerging to better understand or predict drug and chemical toxicity. This Special Issue aims to put together a collection of articles focusing on the underlying mechanisms and potential biomarkers of drug and chemical toxicity identified with recently developed in vitro and in vivo models or analytic methods. Translational studies using human-relevant doses or which provide insights into species differences are particularly welcome. Priority will also be given to studies on drugs or chemicals that have very recently been introduced to the market, regardless of the methodologies used. Additional topics include the characterization of novel models or biomarkers. Both research and review articles will be considered.

Dr. Qiang Shi
Dr. Li Pang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • toxicity
  • biomarkers
  • mechanisms
  • safety assessment
  • hepatotoxicity
  • cardiotoxicity
  • microphysiological systems

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1215 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the DNA Damage and Oxidative Effect Induced by Venlafaxine in Mouse Brain and Liver Cells
by Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar, Rogelio Paniagua-Pérez, Michael Joshue Rendón-Barrón, José Antonio Morales-González, Eduardo O. Madrigal-Santillán and Isela Álvarez-González
Toxics 2022, 10(12), 737; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120737 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2555
Abstract
Venlafaxine is an antidepressant used worldwide. Therefore, studies to confirm its safe use are mandatory. This report evaluated the drug DNA damage capacity in the brain and liver of ICR mice, and its oxidative effect on DNA, lipids, and proteins, as well as [...] Read more.
Venlafaxine is an antidepressant used worldwide. Therefore, studies to confirm its safe use are mandatory. This report evaluated the drug DNA damage capacity in the brain and liver of ICR mice, and its oxidative effect on DNA, lipids, and proteins, as well as the amount of nitrites, also in the brain and liver. Determinations were made at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h post-treatment, excluding DNA oxidation that was observed at 2 h. The tested doses of venlafaxine were 5, 50, and 250 mg/kg. The results showed DNA damage in the brain with the two more elevated doses of venlafaxine at 2 and 6 h post-treatment and also at 12 h in the liver. The comet assay plus the FPG enzyme showed DNA damage in both organs with all doses. The two high doses increased lipoperoxidation in the two tissues from 6 to 12 h post-administration. Protein oxidation increased with the three doses, mainly from 2 to 12 h, and nitrite content was elevated only with the high dose in the liver. The drug was found to affect both tissues, although it was more pronounced in the liver. Interestingly, DNA oxidative damage was observed even with a dose that corresponds to the therapeutic range. The clinical relevance of these findings awaits further investigations. Full article
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