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Universe
Special Issues
Exploring Quark Matter under Extreme Scenarios of Temperature and Density
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Exploring Quark Matter under Extreme Scenarios of Temperature and Density

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 3635

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Souvik Priyam Adhya

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Nuclear Physics (Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej Akademii Nauk), Walerego Eljasza-Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
Interests: heavy ion collisions; jet quenching; parton showers
Dr. Sandeep Chatterjee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physical Sciences, IISER Berhampur, IISER Berhampur Transit Campus (Govt. ITI Building) Engg. School Junction, Berhampur Odisha 760010, India
Interests: phenomenology of relativistic heavy ion collisions
Dr. Sreemoyee Sarkar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Basic Sciences, Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management and Engineering, NMIMS University, Mumbai 400056, India
Interests: phenomenology of relativistic heavy ion collisions; neutron stars

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

RHIC and LHC programs aim to explore and potentially discover a critical point or a first-order phase transition in the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram. The significance of such a discovery lies in its implications for our understanding of QCD as it would signify a clear distinction between quark–gluon plasma (QGP) and hadronic matter. Collisions at very high energies explore a regime akin to that of the early universe, i.e., characterized by high temperature and low baryon chemical potential. On the other hand, collisions at low energies create systems that closely resemble those found in neutron star mergers, featuring low temperature and high baryon chemical potential. Numerous intriguing questions arise from these collision regimes. Addressing these questions through dedicated studies will foster fruitful work in the fluid dynamics and transport theories of both heavy-ion physics and neutron stars.

The objective of this Special Issue is to compile a comprehensive assortment of both comprehensive reviews and novel research articles that describe nuclear theory and experiments in the context of heavy-ion collisions and mergers of two or more neutron stars. The topics in heavy-ion collisions encompass many-body theory and chiral effective field theory, perturbative QCD, transport coefficients, relativistic viscous fluid dynamics, jets, electromagnetic probes, collective dynamics, early time electromagnetic fields, baryon stopping and dynamics of conserved charges, polarization, and spin alignment. Additionally, from the realm of neutron star mergers, the addressed subjects include the examination of phase transition signatures, chemical equilibration and the role of magnetic fields. We cordially invite contributions from both the theoretical and experimental domains.

Points: jets; collective dynamics; electromagnetic probes; equation of state; transport coefficients in merger; phase transition; magnetic evolution; electromagnetic fields in heavy ion collisions and neutron star mergers; polarisation and spin alignment; conserved charge dynamics

Dr. Souvik Priyam Adhya
Dr. Sandeep Chatterjee
Dr. Sreemoyee Sarkar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heavy ion collisions
  • quark–gluon plasma
  • hard probes
  • collective dynamics
  • saturation
  • neutron star mergers
  • equation of state
  • transport coefficients
  • electromagnetic probes
  • chirality
  • small systems

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 1105 KiB  
Article
The Parallel Compact Object CALculator: An Efficient General Relativistic Initial Data Solver for Compact Objects
by Lambros Boukas, Antonios Tsokaros and Kōji Uryū
Universe 2024, 10(5), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10050229 - 20 May 2024
Viewed by 655
Abstract
Every numerical general relativistic investigation starts from the solution of the initial value equations at a given time. Astrophysically relevant initial values for different systems lead to distinct sets of equations that obey specific assumptions tied to the particular problem. Therefore, a robust [...] Read more.
Every numerical general relativistic investigation starts from the solution of the initial value equations at a given time. Astrophysically relevant initial values for different systems lead to distinct sets of equations that obey specific assumptions tied to the particular problem. Therefore, a robust and efficient solver for a variety of strongly gravitating sources is needed. In this work, we present the OpenMP version of the Compact Object CALculator (COCAL) on shared memory processors. We performed extensive profiling of the core COCAL modules in order to identify bottlenecks in efficiency, which we addressed. Using modest resources, the new parallel code achieves speedups of approximately one order of magnitude relative to the original serial COCAL code, which is crucial for parameter studies of computationally expensive systems such as magnetized neutron stars, as well as its further development towards more realistic scenarios. As a novel example of our new code, we compute a binary quark system where each companion has a dimensionless spin of 0.43 aligned with the orbital angular momentum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Quark Matter under Extreme Scenarios of Temperature and Density)
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Review

Jump to: Research

16 pages, 600 KiB  
Review
Dissipative Kinematics in Binary Neutron Star Mergers
by Sreemoyee Sarkar and Souvik Priyam Adhya
Universe 2024, 10(7), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10070303 - 22 Jul 2024
Viewed by 455
Abstract
We highlight the recent progress in the calculation of transport coefficients pertinent to binary neutron star mergers. Specifically, we analyze the bulk viscosity coefficient driven by both the DURCA and MURCA processes and electron transport coefficients in dense and hot plasma relevant to [...] Read more.
We highlight the recent progress in the calculation of transport coefficients pertinent to binary neutron star mergers. Specifically, we analyze the bulk viscosity coefficient driven by both the DURCA and MURCA processes and electron transport coefficients in dense and hot plasma relevant to the merger scenario. The study considers high temperatures (T>6×1010 K) and dense environments (nB∼n0−3n0). Bulk viscosity exhibits resonant behavior, with peak values and peak positions dependent on particle interaction rates and thermodynamic susceptibilities. Susceptibilities are calculated by modeling the nuclear matter in the density functional approach. The bulk viscosity coefficient peaks at T∼1011 K, with a compression–rarefaction oscillation dissipation time scale of 20–50 ms. Electrical transports incorporate frequency-dependent dynamical screening in quantized electron–ion scattering rates. Consequently, dynamical screening reduces the maxima of electrical and thermal conductivities, shortening corresponding dissipation time scales. These results highlight the crucial role of dissipation coefficients in understanding binary neutron star mergers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Quark Matter under Extreme Scenarios of Temperature and Density)
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14 pages, 15013 KiB  
Review
Theoretical Perspectives on Viscous Nature of Strongly Interacting Systems
by Kinkar Saha
Universe 2024, 10(6), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10060259 - 11 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Matter prevailing during the early stages of the Universe or under extreme conditions in high-energy heavy-ion experiments supposedly possesses a rich phase structure. During the evolution of such a system, the complicated pictures of transitions among various phases are studied as part of [...] Read more.
Matter prevailing during the early stages of the Universe or under extreme conditions in high-energy heavy-ion experiments supposedly possesses a rich phase structure. During the evolution of such a system, the complicated pictures of transitions among various phases are studied as part of hydrodynamics. This system, on most occasions, is considered to be non-viscous. However, various theoretical studies reveal the importance of incorporating viscous effects into the analysis. Here, the paper discusses the behavioral patterns of transport coefficients with varying temperatures and chemical potentials to obtain a qualitative, if not quantitative, picture of the same. Discussions are also shared regarding their impacts on such an exotic system for different energies, as explored in the experimental domain. This theoretical analysis, made using the structure of the Polyakov–Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model with a 2+1-flavor quark–antiquark system reveals important aspects of the inclusion of viscous effects in the hydrodynamic studies of QGP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Quark Matter under Extreme Scenarios of Temperature and Density)
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54 pages, 757 KiB  
Review
Transport Coefficients of Relativistic Matter: A Detailed Formalism with a Gross Knowledge of Their Magnitude
by Ashutosh Dwibedi, Nandita Padhan, Arghya Chatterjee and Sabyasachi Ghosh
Universe 2024, 10(3), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10030132 - 7 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1324
Abstract
The present review article has attempted a compact formalism description of transport coefficient calculations for relativistic fluid, which is expected in heavy ion collision experiments. Here, we first address the macroscopic description of relativistic fluid dynamics and then its microscopic description based on [...] Read more.
The present review article has attempted a compact formalism description of transport coefficient calculations for relativistic fluid, which is expected in heavy ion collision experiments. Here, we first address the macroscopic description of relativistic fluid dynamics and then its microscopic description based on the kinetic theory framework. We also address different relaxation time approximation-based models in Boltzmann transport equations, which make a sandwich between Macro and Micro frameworks of relativistic fluid dynamics and finally provide different microscopic expressions of transport coefficients like the fluid’s shear viscosity and bulk viscosity. In the numeric part of this review article, we put stress on the two gross components of transport coefficient expressions: relaxation time and thermodynamic phase-space part. Then, we try to tune the relaxation time component to cover earlier theoretical estimations and experimental data-driven estimations for RHIC and LHC matter. By this way of numerical understanding, we provide the final comments on the values of transport coefficients and relaxation time in the context of the (nearly) perfect fluid nature of the RHIC or LHC matter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Quark Matter under Extreme Scenarios of Temperature and Density)
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