Tuberculosis Vaccines and Host-Directed Therapies

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines against Tropical and other Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 4540

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Interests: innate and adaptive immunity; innate lymphoid cells; vaccine induced immunity; infectious diseases; cardiac diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tuberculosis is a major cause of morbidity and disease. Despite the existence of the Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine and drug regimens, the global epidemic of tuberculosis continues to grow. It is important to develop new and effective vaccines to end the epidemic. While the BCG vaccine effectively prevents childhood pulmonary tuberculosis, its efficacy in adults varies. As a result, the World Health Organization and TB researchers are working to develop better alternatives to reduce the risk of tuberculosis. In this Special Issue, we will discuss the latest developments in TB vaccine research, including advanced studies on the mechanism of the BCG vaccine, challenges in developing better vaccines, and potential new vaccines and promising host-directed therapies.

Dr. Shibali Das
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • tuberculosis
  • BCG
  • M72
  • adjuvants
  • clinical trials
  • animal models

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 3226 KiB  
Article
Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Multi-Antigen Mycobacterium tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine in Mice
by Annuurun Nisa, Rachel Pinto, Warwick J. Britton, James A. Triccas and Claudio Counoupas
Vaccines 2024, 12(9), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090997 - 30 Aug 2024
Viewed by 3960
Abstract
There is an urgent need for an effective TB vaccine capable of controlling both acute and chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in populations with diverse genetic backgrounds. In this study, we characterised the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a novel protein-in-adjuvant subunit vaccine. The [...] Read more.
There is an urgent need for an effective TB vaccine capable of controlling both acute and chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in populations with diverse genetic backgrounds. In this study, we characterised the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a novel protein-in-adjuvant subunit vaccine. The protein component is a fusion protein of three different M. tuberculosis antigens, which we termed CysVac5: CysD, a major component of the M. tuberculosis sulfate activation pathway that is highly expressed during the chronic stage of M. tuberculosis infection, is fused with two major secreted mycobacterial antigens, Ag85B and MPT83. Vaccination of C57BL/6 mice with CysVac5, formulated in a monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) adjuvant combination, resulted in the potent generation of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells secreting multiple cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF and IL-17, against each of the three components of the fusion protein. Furthermore, vaccination with CysVac5-MPLA/DDA conferred significant protection against infection in mouse lungs, which was greater than that afforded by BCG at extended time points post-challenge. The generation of antigen-specific and protective immunity was also observed in CysVac5 vaccinated BALB/c mice, indicating the vaccine could display efficacy across multiple genetic backgrounds. These results indicate that the CysVac5 vaccine has broad immunogenicity, is effective in controlling both acute and chronic phases of M. tuberculosis infection in mice, and warrants further investigation to assess its potential to control pulmonary TB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tuberculosis Vaccines and Host-Directed Therapies)
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