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Vaccines
Special Issues
Live-Attenuated Bacterial Vaccines for the Prevention of Multiresistant Infections
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Live-Attenuated Bacterial Vaccines for the Prevention of Multiresistant Infections

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Attenuated/Inactivated/Live and Vectored Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 4143

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Patricia García

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; animal models; bacterial pathogenesis; live bacterial vaccines; immune responses; mobile genetic elements; nosocomial pathogens; non-typhoidal Salmonella; plasmids; resistance genes; vaccine development
Dr. Miriam Moscoso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
Interests: nosocomial pathogens; live bacterial vaccines; host-pathogen interactions; immune response; biofilms; Streptococcus pneumonia; horizontal gene transfer; plasmid replication; lactic acid bacteria

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Bacterial infections remain a major cause of mortality, with antimicrobial resistance being a contributing factor. At present, we are observing the continuous emergence of human infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. As a consequence, existing antibiotics have become less effective. Along with the increasing complexity in the development of new compounds, the effective treatment of bacterial infections is being seriously compromised. In order to address the impact of antimicrobial resistance, a multi-pronged approach will be needed, with priority given to accelerating the research and development of preventive vaccines. Whole-cell vaccines that comprise weakened versions of a bacterial pathogen are a promising strategy considering that they are able to elicit strong, effective and durable immune responses. 

This Special Issue aims to provide advances in vaccines against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, with the focus on those bacteria in which antimicrobial resistance/MDR is becoming increasingly common. Research topics may include (i) novel strategies for attenuating bacteria and/or the rational construction of live-attenuated strains, (ii) routes for safer administration and toxicity evaluation, (iii) vaccination-induced immune responses, and (iv) vaccine efficacy in relevant murine models of infection. Research papers, short communications, and reviews related to these topics are welcome for this Special Issue.

Dr. Patricia García
Dr. Miriam Moscoso
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • animal models
  • bacterial attenuation strategies
  • immune responses
  • infectious diseases
  • live bacterial vaccines
  • protective efficacy
  • vaccine development
  • vaccine safety

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2047 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Three Candidate Live-Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Vaccines to Prevent Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infection in an Infant Mouse Model
by Khandra T. Sears, Shamima Nasrin, Scott M. Baliban, Danielle N. Council, Marcela F. Pasetti and Sharon M. Tennant
Vaccines 2023, 11(10), 1562; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11101562 - 4 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1837
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) is a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide, including in the United States, where infants show the highest incidence amongst all age groups. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the most frequently isolated serovars from NTS infections. We [...] Read more.
Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) is a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide, including in the United States, where infants show the highest incidence amongst all age groups. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the most frequently isolated serovars from NTS infections. We have developed several candidate live-attenuated S. Typhimurium vaccines to prevent NTS infection. The goal of the current study was to assess three live S. Typhimurium vaccine strains (CVD 1921, CVD 1921 ∆htrA and CVD 1926, which have two, three and four gene deletions, respectively) with various levels of reactogenicity and immunogenicity in infant BALB/c mice to predict how they would perform following peroral immunization of infants. We first tested intranasal immunization of 14-day-old mice with three doses delivered at 1-week intervals and evaluated antibody responses and protection against lethal infection with wild-type S. Typhimurium. The vaccines were administered to 14-day-old mice via the peroral route at 1- or 2-week intervals and to 28-day-old mice at 2-week intervals. The three vaccine strains were immunogenic following intranasal immunization of infant mice with vaccine efficacies of 80% (CVD 1921), 63% (CVD 1921 ∆htrA) and 31% (CVD 1926). In contrast, peroral immunization of 14-day-old mice yielded much poorer protection against lethal infection and only immunization of 28-day-old mice at 2-week intervals showed similar protective capacity as intranasal administration (CVD 1921: 83%, CVD 1921 ∆htrA: 43% and CVD 1926: 58%). CVD 1921 was consistently more protective than both CVD 1921 ∆htrA and CVD 1926, regardless of the route of vaccination, immunization schedule and age of mice. Anti-LPS serum IgG responses were similar between the three strains and did not correlate with protection. Due to previously observed reactogenicity of CVD 1921, CVD 1921 ∆htrA and CVD 1926 are our preferred vaccines, but these data show that further improvements would need to be made to achieve suitable protection in young infants when using peroral immunization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Live-Attenuated Bacterial Vaccines for the Prevention of Multiresistant Infections)
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12 pages, 2202 KiB  
Article
Cross-Protection against Acute Staphylococcus aureus Lung Infection in Mice by a D-Glutamate Auxotrophic Vaccine Candidate
by Patricia García, Maria P. Cabral, Alejandro Beceiro, Miriam Moscoso and Germán Bou
Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020210 - 17 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1507
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is regarded as a threatening bacterial pathogen causing invasive pneumonia in healthcare settings and in the community. The continuous emergence of multidrug resistant strains is narrowing the treatment options for these infections. The development of an effective S. aureus vaccine is, [...] Read more.
Staphylococcus aureus is regarded as a threatening bacterial pathogen causing invasive pneumonia in healthcare settings and in the community. The continuous emergence of multidrug resistant strains is narrowing the treatment options for these infections. The development of an effective S. aureus vaccine is, therefore, a global priority. We have previously developed a vaccine candidate, 132 ΔmurI Δdat, which is auxotrophic for D-glutamate, and protects against sepsis caused by S. aureus. In the present study, we explored the potential of this vaccine candidate to prevent staphylococcal pneumonia, by using an acute lung infection model in BALB/c mice. Intranasal inoculation of the vaccine strain yielded transitory colonization of the lung tissue, stimulated production of relevant serum IgG and secretory IgA antibodies in the lung and distal vaginal mucosa and conferred cross-protection to acute pneumonia caused by clinically important S. aureus strains. Although these findings are promising, additional research is needed to minimize dose-dependent toxicity for safer intranasal immunization with this vaccine candidate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Live-Attenuated Bacterial Vaccines for the Prevention of Multiresistant Infections)
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