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Vaccines
Special Issues
Vaccine Efficacy, Impact, Hesitancy and Acceptance: Trends for Public Health
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Vaccine Efficacy, Impact, Hesitancy and Acceptance: Trends for Public Health

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccine Efficacy and Safety".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 8519

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Elias A. Said

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
Interests: innate immunity; cytokines; T-cells; monocytes; macrophages; dendritic cells; midkine; pleiotrophin; viral infections; vaccines
Dr. Ali A. Al-Jabri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
Interests: vaccines; HIV; AIDS; HLA; cell-mediated immunity
Dr. Sylvain Cardinaud

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Vaccine Research Institute, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
Interests: VIH; Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID); Skin Dendritic Cells (DC); DC-targeting vaccine; adjuvant; route of immunization; human T- and B-cell immune responses; systemic versus mucosal adaptive immunity
Dr. Alessandra Noto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Interests: adaptive immunity; T cells; B cells; viral infections (HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2); lymph nodes; cytokines; vaccines

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vaccines are major tools used in fighting infections and potentially other diseases. Vaccination led to the eradication of the infection with the smallpox virus and a decrease in the number of cases and mortality related to many other infections. The efficacy of a vaccine and its impact on society can affect, directly and indirectly, the degree of the population’s acceptance to be vaccinated. This is a leading factor in the success of a vaccination campaign. To the contrary, the hesitancy of the population to receive the vaccine can negatively affect the efficacy of such campaign. Vaccination depends on the capacity of the immune system to develop efficient responses against pathogen. Therefore, it is essential to understand the detailed mechanisms of the immune responses that affect the efficacy of current vaccines and those under development. This helps understanding the criteria, parameters and correlates that must be considered for the design of efficient vaccines.

The aim of this Special Issue is to publish contributions in the form of research articles and reviews that address the efficacy, impact, hesitancy and the acceptance of vaccines and the effect of these aspects on public health.

Potential topics include but are not limited to:

  • Vaccine development:
  • The development of novel vaccine preparation;
  • The improvement of current vaccines.
  • Vaccine Efficacy:
  • The immune mechanisms associated with vaccine efficacy;
  • The design or the results of public vaccine awareness campaigns;
  • Vaccine Impact:
  • The side effects of a vaccine;
  • The impact of vaccination campaigns on diseases.
  • Hesitancy and acceptance of vaccines:
  • Factors that affect the population’s attitude towards vaccination;
  • Awareness of the population of the importance of vaccinations or a particular vaccine.

Dr. Elias A. Said
Dr. Ali A. Al-Jabri
Dr. Sylvain Cardinaud
Dr. Alessandra Noto
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccine
  • vaccination
  • development
  • efficacy
  • hesitancy
  • immune responses

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

3 pages, 160 KiB  
Editorial
Vaccine Efficacy, Impact, Hesitancy, and Acceptance: Trends for Public Health
by Elias A. Said, Alessandra Noto, Sylvain Cardinaud and Ali A. Al-Jabri
Vaccines 2024, 12(4), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040406 - 11 Apr 2024
Viewed by 696
Abstract
Vaccines are indispensable tools in the battle against infectious diseases and hold great potential in combating a myriad of other diseases [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccine Efficacy, Impact, Hesitancy and Acceptance: Trends for Public Health)

Research

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22 pages, 3691 KiB  
Article
Association of the Magnitude of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Side Effects with Sex, Allergy History, Chronic Diseases, Medication Intake, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection
by Elias A. Said, Afnan Al-Rubkhi, Sanjay Jaju, Crystal Y. Koh, Mohammed S. Al-Balushi, Khalid Al-Naamani, Siham Al-Sinani, Juma Z. Al-Busaidi and Ali A. Al-Jabri
Vaccines 2024, 12(1), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010104 - 20 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1693
Abstract
Vaccination provides the best protection against the increasing infections of SARS-CoV-2. The magnitude and type of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine side effects (SEs) depend on parameters that are not fully understood. In this cross-sectional study, the associations between different anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine SEs and age, sex, [...] Read more.
Vaccination provides the best protection against the increasing infections of SARS-CoV-2. The magnitude and type of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine side effects (SEs) depend on parameters that are not fully understood. In this cross-sectional study, the associations between different anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine SEs and age, sex, the presence of chronic diseases, medication intake, history of allergies, and infections with SARS-CoV-2 were investigated. Our survey used the Google platform and had 866 participants, contacted through e-mails, social media and chain referral sampling (margin of error ≈ 4.38%, 99% confidence). More than 99% of the participants received the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S vaccines. Being female, having chronic diseases, taking medicines routinely and the presence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.05) were associated with strong SEs after the BNT162b2 vaccine second dose. Having a history of allergies and a female sex (p < 0.01) were associated with strong SEs after the ChAdOx1-S vaccine second dose. Furthermore, the results reveal, for the first time, the associations between having a history of allergies, chronic diseases, medication usage, and SEs of a strong magnitude for the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S vaccines. Additionally, this study supports the association of the female sex and infection with SARS-CoV-2 with an increased potential of developing stronger SEs with certain anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccine Efficacy, Impact, Hesitancy and Acceptance: Trends for Public Health)
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11 pages, 860 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Risk Perception of COVID-19 Post Vaccination amongst the General Population of Riyadh Region
by Samia T. Al-Shouli, Nouf O. AlAfaleq, Mohammed Almansour, Munira Alsadhan, Norah Alsalem, Maha Alqahtani, Norah Aldahash, Leena Almazyad, Sadeem Alhazmi and Khaldoon Aljerian
Vaccines 2023, 11(7), 1276; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071276 - 24 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1108
Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Vaccination against the virus was first approved in Saudi Arabia in December 2020. Vaccinated individuals are still at risk of getting infected with the virus and can transmit the disease. Therefore, the perception of [...] Read more.
COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Vaccination against the virus was first approved in Saudi Arabia in December 2020. Vaccinated individuals are still at risk of getting infected with the virus and can transmit the disease. Therefore, the perception of vaccinated individuals regarding the disease can help limit the spread of the virus. Objectives: To measure the risk perception of COVID-19 following vaccination and factors that have an effect on risk perception; to identify the health protective behaviours of the vaccinated individuals. Methodology: This is a quantitative analytical cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study. The target population includes individuals aged 18 and above who live in the Riyadh region and have been vaccinated, during the period of June 2021 to December 2021. Results: The perception of 30.2% of participants did not change after vaccination, with many participants continuing to “always” take precautions even after vaccination. Numerous factors, such as age, gender, marital status, occupational status, employment status, and total household income, have shown significant effects towards risk perception. Conclusion: Many vaccinated individuals have continued to take precautionary steps and their risk perception has not changed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccine Efficacy, Impact, Hesitancy and Acceptance: Trends for Public Health)
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Review

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38 pages, 1920 KiB  
Review
Global Perspectives on the Hepatitis B Vaccination: Challenges, Achievements, and the Road to Elimination by 2030
by Said A. Al-Busafi and Ahmed Alwassief
Vaccines 2024, 12(3), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030288 - 9 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1424
Abstract
Annually, more than 1.5 million preventable new hepatitis B (HBV) infections continue to occur, with an estimated global burden of 296 million individuals living with chronic hepatitis B infection. This substantial health challenge results in over 820,000 annual deaths being attributed to complications [...] Read more.
Annually, more than 1.5 million preventable new hepatitis B (HBV) infections continue to occur, with an estimated global burden of 296 million individuals living with chronic hepatitis B infection. This substantial health challenge results in over 820,000 annual deaths being attributed to complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HBV vaccination remains the cornerstone of public health policy to prevent chronic hepatitis B and its related complications. It serves as a crucial element in the global effort to eliminate HBV, as established by the World Health Organization (WHO), with an ambitious 90% vaccination target by 2030. However, reports on global birth dose coverage reveal substantial variability, with an overall coverage rate of only 46%. This comprehensive review thoroughly examines global trends in HBV vaccination coverage, investigating the profound impact of vaccination on HBV prevalence and its consequences across diverse populations, including both high-risk and general demographics. Additionally, the review addresses the essential formidable challenges and facilitating factors for achieving WHO’s HBV vaccination coverage objectives and elimination strategies in the coming decade and beyond. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccine Efficacy, Impact, Hesitancy and Acceptance: Trends for Public Health)
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Other

15 pages, 2627 KiB  
Systematic Review
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Migrants, Refugees, and Foreign Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Khalid Hajissa, Hammed-Akanmu Mutiat, Nawal Al Kaabi, Mohammed Alissa, Mohammed Garout, Anood A. Alenezy, Rana H. Almaghrabi, Hayam A. Alrasheed, Maha F. Al-Subaie, Hatem M. Alhani, Ahmad A. Alshehri, Ibrahim Abdullah Almazni, Ali S. Alqahtani, Fayez Saeed Bahwerth, Nourah Hashem Alqethami, Amal A. Alzayer and Ali A. Rabaan
Vaccines 2023, 11(6), 1070; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061070 - 6 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1702
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of current vaccines in reducing the spread and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections, many people, including migrants, refugees, and foreign workers, are hesitant to be vaccinated. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) was conducted to determine the pooled prevalence estimate of [...] Read more.
Despite the effectiveness of current vaccines in reducing the spread and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections, many people, including migrants, refugees, and foreign workers, are hesitant to be vaccinated. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) was conducted to determine the pooled prevalence estimate of the acceptance and hesitancy rates of the COVID-19 vaccine among these populations. A comprehensive search of the peer-reviewed literature indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases was conducted. Initially, 797 potential records were identified, of which 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of proportions using data from 14 studies revealed that the overall acceptance rate of COVID vaccination among 29,152 subjects was 56.7% (95% CI: 44.9–68.5%), while the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among 26,154 migrants reported in 12 studies was estimated to be 31.7% (95% CI: 44.9–68.5%). The acceptance rate for the COVID-19 vaccination first declined from 77.3% in 2020 to 52.9% in 2021 and then slightly increased to 56.1% in 2022. The most frequent factors influencing vaccine hesitancy were worries about vaccine efficacy and safety. Intensive vaccination campaigns should be implemented to raise vaccination awareness among migrants, which will increase the acceptance rate for the COVID-19 vaccine and result in herd immunity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccine Efficacy, Impact, Hesitancy and Acceptance: Trends for Public Health)
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14 pages, 1232 KiB  
Project Report
Strategic Combination of Theory, Plain Language, and Trusted Messengers Contribute to COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: Lessons Learned from Development and Dissemination of a Community Toolkit
by Alison Caballero, Katherine J. Leath and Allie D. Staton
Vaccines 2023, 11(6), 1064; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061064 - 5 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1287
Abstract
Widely accepted practices for the development of health education materials include the use of theoretically driven content, the execution of plain language writing and design strategies, the solicitation of community input, and a plan for dissemination via trusted messengers. Here, we describe the [...] Read more.
Widely accepted practices for the development of health education materials include the use of theoretically driven content, the execution of plain language writing and design strategies, the solicitation of community input, and a plan for dissemination via trusted messengers. Here, we describe the development of a COVID-19 vaccine education toolkit and share preliminary outcomes from dissemination via community health workers. The toolkit was developed to equip community messengers to educate community members about the COVID-19 vaccine. It includes an easy-to-read workbook for community learners, a Leader Guide with scripting, and additional resources for community health workers and other local messengers. The Health Belief Model was used to select content for the workbook, which was refined with input from community members. A team of trained plain language writers worked with clinicians and subject matter experts to draft content that was deemed readable, understandable, and actionable by formal measures and drafts were further refined with additional community feedback. Survey results from community health workers who used the toolkit to provide local education about COVID-19 vaccines indicate that the toolkit facilitated confidence in their ability to deliver scientific content to their community members. More than two-thirds report that use of the toolkit facilitated community members’ decisions to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccine Efficacy, Impact, Hesitancy and Acceptance: Trends for Public Health)
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