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Vaccines
Special Issues
2nd Edition of Antibody Response to Infection and Vaccination
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2nd Edition of Antibody Response to Infection and Vaccination

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Vaccination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 5737

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhiqiang Ku

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Antibody Therapeutics and Disease Targets Lab, Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
Interests: antibody immunotherapy; cancer; virology; neutralizing mechanism; antibody engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xiaohua Ye

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Interests: virology; vaccinology; immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antibodies are a major immune component of our human body against pathogens. Infections or vaccinations elicit antibody responses, which provide protective or sometimes worse effects against reinfections. In addition, the antibody response is a dynamic and diverse process requiring optimal cellular immunity and proper analyzing technologies. Therefore, understanding the antibody response to infection and vaccination is an exciting and critical topic, facilitating the design and development of biomedicines to combat infectious diseases.

This Special Issue aims to cover experimental results, clinical studies, methods, and technology that facilitate understanding antibody response to infection and vaccination. We are pleased to invite you to submit your studies. This Special Issue will publish original research, reviews, perspectives, and other content commissioned from leading scientists in their fields to provide expert and contextualized views of the latest research. Research areas may include (but not be limited to) the following: antibody responses elicited by infection and by different vaccines, antibody neutralization mechanism, antibody-mediated immune pathogenicity, T-B cell interactions, antibody clonal evolution, mucosal antibody responses, broadly neutralizing antibody response, antibody immune escape by pathogens, and technologies and methods for understanding antibody responses. The emphasis is on viruses, but other pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, and parasites, are also welcomed.

We hope that this Special Issue serves as a platform for researchers to exchange the latest progress in antibody response to infections and vaccinations.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Zhiqiang Ku
Dr. Xiaohua Ye
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibody response
  • infection
  • vaccine
  • neutralizing mechanism
  • affinity maturation
  • T–B cell interactions
  • mucosal antibodies
  • antibody-mediated effector functions
  • antibody-dependent enhancement
  • immune escape

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2205 KiB  
Article
The PreS-Based Recombinant Vaccine VVX001 Induces Hepatitis B Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in a Low-Responder to HBsAg-Based HBV Vaccines
by Inna Tulaeva, Felix Lehmann, Nora Goldmann, Alexandra Dubovets, Daria Trifonova, Mikhail Tulaev, Carolin Cornelius, Milena Weber, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, Alexander Karaulov, Rainer Henning, David Niklas Springer, Ursula Wiedermann, Dieter Glebe and Rudolf Valenta
Vaccines 2024, 12(10), 1123; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101123 - 30 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1514
Abstract
Background: Approximately 10–20% of subjects vaccinated with HBsAg-based hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines are non-responders. BM32 is a recombinant grass pollen allergy vaccine containing the HBV-derived preS surface antigen as an immunological carrier protein. PreS includes the binding site of HBV to its [...] Read more.
Background: Approximately 10–20% of subjects vaccinated with HBsAg-based hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines are non-responders. BM32 is a recombinant grass pollen allergy vaccine containing the HBV-derived preS surface antigen as an immunological carrier protein. PreS includes the binding site of HBV to its receptor on hepatocytes. We investigated whether immunological non-responsiveness to HBV after repeated HBsAg-based vaccinations could be overcome by immunization with VVX001 (i.e., alum-adsorbed BM325, a component of BM32). Methods: A subject failing to develop protective HBV-specific immunity after HBsAg-based vaccination received five monthly injections of 20 µg VVX001. PreS-specific antibody responses were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and micro-array technology. Serum reactivity to subviral particles of different HBV genotypes was determined by sandwich ELISA. PreS-specific T cell responses were monitored by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) staining and subsequent flow cytometry. HBV neutralization was assessed using cultured HBV-infected HepG2 cells. Results: Vaccination with VVX001 induced a strong and sustained preS-specific antibody response composed mainly of the IgG1 subclass. PreS-specific IgG antibodies were primarily directed to the N-terminal part of preS containing the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) attachment site. IgG reactivity to subviral particles as well as to the N-terminal preS-derived peptides was comparable for HBV genotypes A–H. A pronounced reactivity of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes specific for preS after the complete injection course remaining up to one year after the last injection was found. Maximal HBV neutralization (98.4%) in vitro was achieved 1 month after the last injection, which correlated with the maximal IgG reactivity to the N-terminal part of preS. Conclusions: Our data suggest that VVX001 may be used as a preventive vaccination against HBV even in non-responders to HBsAg-based HBV vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Antibody Response to Infection and Vaccination)
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14 pages, 3902 KiB  
Article
Long Prime–Boost Interval and Heightened Anti-GD2 Antibody Response to Carbohydrate Cancer Vaccine
by Irene Y. Cheung, Audrey Mauguen, Shakeel Modak, Ellen M. Basu, Yi Feng, Brian H. Kushner and Nai Kong Cheung
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 587; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060587 - 28 May 2024
Viewed by 1271
Abstract
The carbohydrate ganglioside GD2/GD3 cancer vaccine adjuvanted by β-glucan stimulates anti-GD2 IgG1 antibodies that strongly correlate with improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Thirty-two patients who relapsed on the vaccine (first enrollment) were re-treated on the [...] Read more.
The carbohydrate ganglioside GD2/GD3 cancer vaccine adjuvanted by β-glucan stimulates anti-GD2 IgG1 antibodies that strongly correlate with improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Thirty-two patients who relapsed on the vaccine (first enrollment) were re-treated on the same vaccine protocol (re-enrollment). Titers during the first enrollment peaked by week 32 at 751 ± 270 ng/mL, which plateaued despite vaccine boosts at 1.2–4.5 month intervals. After a median wash-out interval of 16.1 months from the last vaccine dose during the first enrollment to the first vaccine dose during re-enrollment, the anti-GD2 IgG1 antibody rose to a peak of 4066 ± 813 ng/mL by week 3 following re-enrollment (p < 0.0001 by the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test). Yet, these peaks dropped sharply and continually despite repeated boosts at 1.2–4.5 month intervals, before leveling off by week 20 to the first enrollment peak levels. Despite higher antibody titers, patients experienced no pain or neuropathic side effects, which were typically associated with immunotherapy using monoclonal anti-GD2 antibodies. By the Kaplan–Meier method, PFS was estimated to be 51%, and OS was 81%. The association between IgG1 titer during re-enrollment and β-glucan receptor dectin-1 SNP rs3901533 was significant (p = 0.01). A longer prime–boost interval could significantly improve antibody responses in patients treated with ganglioside conjugate cancer vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Antibody Response to Infection and Vaccination)
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14 pages, 2274 KiB  
Article
High Concentration of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies 2 Years after COVID-19 Vaccination Stems Not Only from Boosters but Also from Widespread, Often Unrecognized, Contact with the Virus
by Jakub Swadźba, Andrzej Panek, Paweł Wąsowicz, Tomasz Anyszek and Emilia Martin
Vaccines 2024, 12(5), 471; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050471 - 28 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2379
Abstract
This study follows 99 subjects vaccinated with Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines over two years, with particular focus on the last year of observation (between days 360 and 720). The response to the vaccination was assessed with Diasorin’s SARS-CoV-2 TrimericSpike IgG. Screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection [...] Read more.
This study follows 99 subjects vaccinated with Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines over two years, with particular focus on the last year of observation (between days 360 and 720). The response to the vaccination was assessed with Diasorin’s SARS-CoV-2 TrimericSpike IgG. Screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection was performed with Abbott’s SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid IgG immunoassay. Data from questionnaires were also analyzed. Two years after the first vaccine dose administration, 100% of the subjects were positive for anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG and the median antibody level was still high (3600 BAU/mL), dropping insignificantly over the last year. Simultaneously, a substantial increase in seropositivity in anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 IgG was noted, reaching 33%. There was no statistically significant agreement between anti-N seropositivity and reported COVID-19. Higher anti-spike concentrations and lower COVID-19 incidence was seen in the older vaccinees. It was noted that only subjects boosted between days 360 and 720 showed an increase in anti-spike IgG concentrations. The higher antibody concentrations (median 7440 BAU/mL) on day 360 were noted in participants not infected over the following year. Vaccination, including booster administrations, and natural, even unrecognized, contact with SARS-CoV-2 entwined two years after the primary vaccination, leading to high anti-spike antibody concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Antibody Response to Infection and Vaccination)
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