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Vaccines
Special Issues
mRNA-Based Vaccine Development
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mRNA-Based Vaccine Development

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "DNA and mRNA Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 6230

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Arun Kumar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Vaccine Research and Development, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), 0277 Oslo, Norway
Interests: mRNA vaccines; innovations; next generation vaccines; infectious diseases
Dr. Martina Ochs

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Vaccine Research and Development, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), London NW1 2BE, UK
Interests: mRNA vaccine technologies; infectious diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact worldwide, causing widespread illness, loss of life, and economic hardship. However, the rapid development of mRNA technology platforms has offered a glimmer of hope in the fight against the pandemic. Two of the most widely administered vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are based on mRNA technology, highlighting the potential of this innovative approach for preventing and controlling future epidemics and pandemics. While mRNA-based vaccines have shown promising results, there are still significant challenges including, e.g., the sub-optimal expression of antigens invivo, stability at ultra cold temperatures, higher cost of goods, etc.

Advancements in the existing mRNA technology and the fostering of innovative approaches are key to facilitating the discovery and development of improved vaccines. The scope of this topic will include original artciles related to improving mRNA replicons/constructs, finding ways to improve immunogenicity and reduce reactogenicity, investigating targeted delivery, formulation strategies, exploring alternative routes of administration, reducing vaccine development timelines and more.

Dr. Arun Kumar
Dr. Martina Ochs
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mRNA vaccines
  • mRNA delivery
  • infectious diseases
  • mRNA innovations

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 2909 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Impact of mRNA Modifications on Translation Efficiency and Immune Tolerance to Self-Antigens
by Mouldy Sioud, Asta Juzeniene and Stein Sæbøe-Larssen
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 624; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060624 - 5 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1373
Abstract
Therapeutic modified mRNAs are being developed for a broad range of human diseases. However, the impact of potential miscoding of modified mRNAs on self-tolerance remains unknown. Additionally, more studies are needed to explore the effects of nucleoside alkylation on translation. While all six [...] Read more.
Therapeutic modified mRNAs are being developed for a broad range of human diseases. However, the impact of potential miscoding of modified mRNAs on self-tolerance remains unknown. Additionally, more studies are needed to explore the effects of nucleoside alkylation on translation. While all six tested modifications are tolerated as substrates by T7 RNA polymerase and inhibited mRNA immunogenicity, the translation efficiency varied significantly depending on the type of modification. In contrast to methylation, ethylation at the N1 position of pseudouridine (Ψ) hindered translation, suggesting that the C5-C1’ glycosidic bond alone is not a critical element for high translation. Inhibition of mRNA translation was also observed with 5-methoxyuridine modification. However, this inhibition was partially alleviated through the optimization of mRNA coding sequences. BALB/c mice immunized with syngeneic ψ-modified mRNA encoding for Wilms’ tumor antigen-1 (WT1) developed a low but significant level of anti-WT1 IgG antibodies compared to those immunized with either unmodified or N1-methyl ψ-modified mRNA. Overall, the data indicate that adding a simple ethyl group (-CH2CH3) at the N1 position of ψ has a major negative effect on translation despite its reduced immunogenicity. Additionally, mRNA containing Ψ may alter translation fidelity at certain codons, which could lead to a breakdown of immune tolerance to self-antigens. This concern should be taken into account during gene replacement therapies, although it could benefit mRNA-based vaccines by generating a diverse repertoire of antigens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue mRNA-Based Vaccine Development)
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Review

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31 pages, 6001 KiB  
Review
In Vitro Transcribed RNA-Based Platform Vaccines: Past, Present, and Future
by Alexey D. Perenkov, Alena D. Sergeeva, Maria V. Vedunova and Dmitri V. Krysko
Vaccines 2023, 11(10), 1600; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11101600 - 16 Oct 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4140
Abstract
mRNA was discovered in 1961, but it was not used as a vaccine until after three decades. Recently, the development of mRNA vaccine technology gained great impetus from the pursuit of vaccines against COVID-19. To improve the properties of RNA vaccines, and primarily [...] Read more.
mRNA was discovered in 1961, but it was not used as a vaccine until after three decades. Recently, the development of mRNA vaccine technology gained great impetus from the pursuit of vaccines against COVID-19. To improve the properties of RNA vaccines, and primarily their circulation time, self-amplifying mRNA and trans-amplifying mRNA were developed. A separate branch of mRNA technology is circular RNA vaccines, which were developed with the discovery of the possibility of translation on their protein matrix. Circular RNA has several advantages over mRNA vaccines and is considered a fairly promising platform, as is trans-amplifying mRNA. This review presents an overview of the mRNA platform and a critical discussion of the more modern self-amplifying mRNA, trans-amplifying mRNA, and circular RNA platforms created on its basis. Finally, the main features, advantages, and disadvantages of each of the presented mRNA platforms are discussed. This discussion will facilitate the decision-making process in selecting the most appropriate platform for creating RNA vaccines against cancer or viral diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue mRNA-Based Vaccine Development)
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