Vaccines

Research

14 pages, 1558 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Severity of Omicron Subvariants and Vaccine Impact in Catalonia, Spain

by Víctor López de Rioja, Luca Basile, Aida Perramon-Malavez, Érica Martínez-Solanas, Daniel López, Sergio Medina Maestro, Ermengol Coma, Francesc Fina, Clara Prats, Jacobo Mendioroz Peña and Enric Alvarez-Lacalle

Vaccines 2024, 12(5), 466; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050466 - 27 Apr 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1442

Abstract

In the current COVID-19 landscape dominated by Omicron subvariants, understanding the timing and efficacy of vaccination against emergent lineages is crucial for planning future vaccination campaigns, yet detailed studies stratified by subvariant, vaccination timing, and age groups are scarce. This retrospective study analyzed [...] Read more.

In the current COVID-19 landscape dominated by Omicron subvariants, understanding the timing and efficacy of vaccination against emergent lineages is crucial for planning future vaccination campaigns, yet detailed studies stratified by subvariant, vaccination timing, and age groups are scarce. This retrospective study analyzed COVID-19 cases from December 2021 to January 2023 in Catalonia, Spain, focusing on vulnerable populations affected by variants BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, and BQ.1 and including two national booster campaigns. Our database includes detailed information such as dates of diagnosis, hospitalization and death, last vaccination, and cause of death, among others. We evaluated the impact of vaccination on disease severity by age, variant, and vaccination status, finding that recent vaccination significantly mitigated severity across all Omicron subvariants, although efficacy waned six months post-vaccination, except for BQ.1, which showed more stable levels. Unvaccinated individuals had higher hospitalization and mortality rates. Our results highlight the importance of periodic vaccination to reduce severe outcomes, which are influenced by variant and vaccination timing. Although the seasonality of COVID-19 is uncertain, our analysis suggests the potential benefit of annual vaccination in populations >60 years old, probably in early fall, if COVID-19 eventually exhibits a major peak similar to other respiratory viruses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

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12 pages, 1171 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Seroprevalence in Tyrol, Austria, among 28,768 Blood Donors between May 2022 and March 2023

by Anita Siller, Lisa Seekircher, Manfred Astl, Lena Tschiderer, Gregor A. Wachter, Julia Penz, Bernhard Pfeifer, Andreas Huber, Manfred Gaber, Harald Schennach and Peter Willeit

Vaccines 2024, 12(3), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030284 - 8 Mar 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1236

Abstract

Background: To provide updated estimates on SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and average antibody titres for Central Europe. Methods: In repeat cross-sectional investigations (1 May 2022 to 9 March 2023) involving 28,768 blood donors in the Federal State of Tyrol, Austria (participation rate: 87.0%), we [...] Read more.

Background: To provide updated estimates on SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and average antibody titres for Central Europe. Methods: In repeat cross-sectional investigations (1 May 2022 to 9 March 2023) involving 28,768 blood donors in the Federal State of Tyrol, Austria (participation rate: 87.0%), we measured Spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and Nucleocapsid IgG antibodies (37,065 and 12,645 samples), and estimated monthly seroprevalences and geometric mean titres. Results: Median age of participants was 45.4 years (range 18–70); 43.2% were female. Spike RBD IgG antibody seroprevalence was 96.3% (95% CI: 95.6–96.9%) in May 2022, 97.4% (96.7–98.0%) in December 2022, and 97.9% (96.4–98.8%) in March 2023. Among seropositive participants, geometric mean titres increased from 1400 BAU/mL (95% CI: 1333–1471) in May 2022 to 1821 BAU/mL (1717–1932) in December 2022, and dropped to 1559 BAU/mL (1405–1729) by March 2023. Furthermore, titres differed markedly by vaccination status and history of infection, with being the highest in participants with booster vaccination and prior infection. In autumn 2022, Nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroprevalence ranged from 36.5% (35.0–38.1) in September to 39.2% (37.2–41.2) in December 2022. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood donors from Tyrol, Austria, was remarkably stable from May 2022 to March 2023. In contrast, average Spike RBD IgG antibody titres peaked in December 2022. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

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13 pages, 458 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vaccinated COVID-19 Index Cases Are Less Likely to Transmit SARS-CoV-2 to Their Household Contacts: A Cohort Study

by Pere Godoy, Iván Martínez-Baz, Ignasi Parron, Manuel García-Cenoz, Joaquim Ferras, Mònica Carol, Nuria Bes, Montserrat Guillaumes, Sofia Godoy, Diana Toledo, Núria Follia, Carme Miret, Jessica Pardos, Miquel Alsedà, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Inma Sanz, Maria-Rosa Sala, Joan A. Caylà, Jacobo Mendioroz, Carmen Muñoz-Almagro, Jesús Castilla, Ángela Domínguez and on behalf of the SARS-CoV-2 Transmission to Household Contacts Working Group Show full author list Hide full author list

Vaccines 2024, 12(3), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030240 - 26 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1709

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of index case vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 transmission to household contacts. In our epidemiological cohort study (May 2022–November 2023), we surveyed registered index case vaccination status and test results for contacts (testing on day [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of index case vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 transmission to household contacts. In our epidemiological cohort study (May 2022–November 2023), we surveyed registered index case vaccination status and test results for contacts (testing on day 0, and on day 7 for negative contacts) and calculated the secondary attack rate (SAR), i.e., newly infected contacts/susceptible included contacts. The association of the independent variable, index case COVID-19 vaccination (yes/no), with household contact infection was determined using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). We recorded 181 index cases and 314 contacts, of whom 250 agreed to participate; 16 contacts were excluded upon testing positive on day 0. Of the 234 included contacts, 49.1% were women, and the mean (SD) age was 51.9 (19.8) years. The overall SAR of 37.2% (87/234) was lower in the contacts of both vaccinated index cases (34.9% vs. 63.2%; p = 0.014) and index cases with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection history (27.0% vs. 46.3%; p = 0.002). Index case vaccination showed a protective effect against infection for their household contacts (aOR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.67). The household SAR was high when the Omicron variant circulated. Vaccinated index cases were less likely to transmit SARS-CoV-2 to their contacts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

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17 pages, 3751 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Strategic Planning of a Joint SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Vaccination Campaign in the UK

by Dauda Ibrahim, Zoltán Kis, Maria M. Papathanasiou, Cleo Kontoravdi, Benoît Chachuat and Nilay Shah

Vaccines 2024, 12(2), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020158 - 3 Feb 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1957

Abstract

The simultaneous administration of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines is being carried out for the first time in the UK and around the globe in order to mitigate the health, economic, and societal impacts of these respiratory tract diseases. However, a systematic approach for [...] Read more.

The simultaneous administration of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines is being carried out for the first time in the UK and around the globe in order to mitigate the health, economic, and societal impacts of these respiratory tract diseases. However, a systematic approach for planning the vaccine distribution and administration aspects of the vaccination campaigns would be beneficial. This work develops a novel multi-product mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) vaccine supply chain model that can be used to plan and optimise the simultaneous distribution and administration of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines. The outcomes from this study reveal that the total budget required to successfully accomplish the SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccination campaigns is equivalent to USD 7.29 billion, of which the procurement costs of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines correspond to USD 2.1 billion and USD 0.83 billion, respectively. The logistics cost is equivalent to USD 3.45 billion, and the costs of vaccinating individuals, quality control checks, and vaccine shipper and dry ice correspond to USD 1.66, 0.066, and 0.014, respectively. The analysis of the results shows that the choice of rolling out the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine during the vaccination campaign can have a significant impact not only on the total vaccination cost but also on vaccine wastage rate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

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11 pages, 1379 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of a COVID-19 Outbreak in an Elderly Care Home after Primary Vaccination

by Elba Mauriz, José P. Fernández-Vázquez, Cristina Díez-Flecha, Sofía Reguero-Celada, Tania Fernández-Villa, Ana Fernández-Somoano, Joan A. Caylà, Jesús A. Lozano-García, Ana M. Vázquez-Casares and Vicente Martín-Sánchez

Vaccines 2023, 11(8), 1382; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081382 - 19 Aug 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2174

Abstract

Elderly care home residents are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to immune-senescence, pre-existing medical conditions, and the risk of transmission from staff and visitors. This study aimed to describe the outcomes of a COVID-19 outbreak in a long-term care facility for elderly persons [...] Read more.

Elderly care home residents are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to immune-senescence, pre-existing medical conditions, and the risk of transmission from staff and visitors. This study aimed to describe the outcomes of a COVID-19 outbreak in a long-term care facility for elderly persons following the initial vaccination. A single-center, retrospective, observational design was used to analyze the variables associated with hospitalization and death rate by logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Sixty-eight residents received the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Despite being negative six days after vaccination, the performance of a second test 4 days later revealed 51 positives (75.0%) among residents and 18 among workers (56.3%). A total of 65 of the 68 residents (95.58%) had positive results with symptoms, whereas 34.9% required hospitalization, and 25.8% died. The best-fitting model to explain the distribution of cases reflects three points at the time of infection.. The time from vaccination to symptom onset explains the hospitalization and mortality rates since a day elapsed halves the risk of hospitalization (aOR = 0.57; CI = 0.38−0.75) and the risk of death by a quarter (aOR = 0.74; CI = 0.63−0.88). Nursing homes present an elevated risk of transmission and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although vaccination reduces the risk of hospitalization and death, extreme prevention and control measures are essential in these institutions despite the high vaccination coverage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

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18 pages, 2441 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hybrid Immunity Provides the Best COVID-19 Humoral Response in Immunocompromised Patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 Infection History

by Paulina Nazaruk, Ignacy Tkaczyk, Marta Monticolo, Anna Maria Jędrzejczak, Natalia Krata, Leszek Pączek, Bartosz Foroncewicz and Krzysztof Mucha

Vaccines 2023, 11(8), 1380; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081380 - 18 Aug 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1654

Abstract

Immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly limited the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and reduced the associated complications, especially mortality. To prolong immunity, an immune booster was implemented. We evaluated the role of SARS-CoV-2 infection history in [...] Read more.

Immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly limited the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and reduced the associated complications, especially mortality. To prolong immunity, an immune booster was implemented. We evaluated the role of SARS-CoV-2 infection history in the vaccination schedules of kidney and liver transplant recipients and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). To this end, we retrospectively analyzed the data of 78 solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients and 40 patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy as representatives of the CKD group. Patients received two or three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. At the follow-up, antibody (Ab) titer, graft function, COVID-19 history, and patients’ clinical condition were assessed. Ab level was higher after two doses in patients with a COVID-19 history over three doses in patients with no COVID-19 history. Compared to three doses, subjects who were administered two doses had a longer median time to infection. Positive antibodies, in response to the third dose, were not observed in up to 8.4% of SOT patients. The results show that the vaccination schedule should take into account the vaccine response rate and COVID-19 history. So-called hybrid immunity appears to be most efficient at providing humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

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9 pages, 1167 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Assessing the Influence of COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage on Excess Mortality across 178 Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Oliver Mendoza-Cano, Xóchitl Trujillo, Miguel Huerta, Mónica Ríos-Silva, José Guzmán-Esquivel, Agustin Lugo-Radillo, Verónica Benites-Godínez, Jaime Alberto Bricio-Barrios, Martha Irazema Cárdenas-Rojas, Eder Fernando Ríos-Bracamontes, Hannah Priscila Guzman-Solorzano, Greta Mariana Baltazar-Rodríguez, Valeria Ruiz-Montes de Oca, Vannya Marisol Ortega-Macías, Ana Daniela Ortega-Ramírez and Efrén Murillo-Zamora

Vaccines 2023, 11(8), 1294; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081294 - 28 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3822

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on global health, necessitating urgent and effective strategies to mitigate its consequences. Vaccination programs have been implemented worldwide to combat virus transmission and reduce the disease burden. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on global health, necessitating urgent and effective strategies to mitigate its consequences. Vaccination programs have been implemented worldwide to combat virus transmission and reduce the disease burden. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination coverage and all-cause excess mortality in 178 nations during the first two years of the pandemic. Multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for life expectancy at birth, confirmed a significant association between higher vaccination coverage and lower all-cause mortality rates (

β

= −106.8, 95% CI −175.4 to −38.2,

p

= 0.002). These findings underscore the importance of vaccination campaigns in reducing overall mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence-based decision making and resource allocation can benefit from this information, facilitating the optimization of vaccination strategies for maximal impact on mortality reduction. Further research and continuous monitoring are crucial to understanding the long-term effects of vaccination coverage on population health in the ongoing pandemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

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9 pages, 451 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Risk of Testing Positive for COVID-19 among Healthcare and Healthcare-Related Workers

by Eder Fernando Ríos-Bracamontes, Luz Elena Iñiguez-Arias, Rodolfo José Ochoa-Jiménez, José Guzmán-Esquivel, Martha Irazema Cárdenas-Rojas and Efrén Murillo-Zamora

Vaccines 2023, 11(7), 1260; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071260 - 19 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1262

Abstract

Understanding the risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers is crucial for infection prevention and control. The aim of this study was to examine the risk of testing positive for COVID-19 among a multicenter cohort of workers, taking into account their [...] Read more.

Understanding the risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers is crucial for infection prevention and control. The aim of this study was to examine the risk of testing positive for COVID-19 among a multicenter cohort of workers, taking into account their occupational roles (medical professionals, staff in operational and administrative roles, or laboratory personnel) in healthcare settings. The data analyzed in this study included 2163 individuals with suggestive COVID-19 symptoms who underwent laboratory testing. The incidence rate in the study sample was calculated to be 15.3 cases per 10,000 person-days. The results from the multiple regression model indicated that job roles were not significantly associated with the risk of testing positive. However, age and the duration of the pandemic were identified as significant risk factors, with increasing age and longer pandemic duration being associated with a higher risk of testing positive. Additionally, vaccination was found to reduce the risk of testing positive. These findings provide valuable insights into COVID-19 transmission among indoor healthcare workers, highlighting the influence of age, pandemic duration, and vaccination on infection risk. Further research is needed to develop evidence-based strategies aimed at protecting healthcare workers and preventing virus spread in healthcare settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

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14 pages, 279 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Turkish Population’s Perspective on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Routine Childhood Vaccine Applications: National Survey Study

by Sami Akbulut, Gulseda Boz, Ali Ozer, Tevfik Tolga Sahin and Cemil Colak

Vaccines 2023, 11(4), 779; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040779 - 31 Mar 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2168

Abstract

Background: It is important to evaluate the attitude of society towards vaccines to understand the rates of acceptance and hesitance towards vaccination, which are essential components of public health and epidemiology. This study aimed to evaluate the perspective of the Turkish population on [...] Read more.

Background: It is important to evaluate the attitude of society towards vaccines to understand the rates of acceptance and hesitance towards vaccination, which are essential components of public health and epidemiology. This study aimed to evaluate the perspective of the Turkish population on COVID-19 status, rate of vaccination, and also to evaluate the reasons for refusal to vaccinate, vaccine hesitancy, and related factors. Methods: A total of 4539 participants were included in this population-based descriptive and cross-sectional study. The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS-II) was used to obtain a representative sample and for this purpose Turkey was divided into 26 regions. Participants were randomly selected based on the demographic features and population ratios of the selected regions. The following parameters were evaluated: sociodemographic characteristics and perspectives on COVID-19 vaccines, Vaccine Hesitancy Scale Adapted to Pandemics (VHS-P), and Anti-Vaccine Scale-Long Form (AVS-LF) questions. Results: A total of 4539 participants, 2303 (50.7%) male and 2236 (49.3%) female, aged between 18 and 73 years, were included in this study. It was observed that 58.4% of the participants had hesitations towards COVID-19 vaccination, and 19.6% were hesitant about all childhood vaccinations. Those who did not have the COVID-19 vaccine, who did not think that the COVID-19 vaccine was protective, and who had hesitation to vaccinate against COVID-19 had significantly higher median scores on the VHS-P and AVS-LF scales, respectively (all p < 0.01). Those who did not have their children vaccinated in childhood and who were hesitant about childhood vaccinations, had significantly higher median scores on the VHS-P and AVS-LF scales, respectively (all p < 0.01). Conclusion: Although the rate of vaccination for COVID-19 was 93.4% in the study, hesitation to vaccinate was 58.4%. The median score of the scales of those who were hesitant about childhood vaccinations was higher than individuals who did not have any hesitation. In general, the source of concerns about vaccines should be clearly seen, and precautions should be taken. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

10 pages, 260 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating the Reasons for Receiving the Second Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Adults and in People with Chronic Medical Conditions in Southern Italy

by Grazia Miraglia del Giudice, Lucio Folcarelli, Giorgia Della Polla, Annalisa Napoli and Italo Francesco Angelillo

Vaccines 2023, 11(4), 737; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040737 - 27 Mar 2023

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1694

Abstract

This cross-sectional survey explored the attitudes and the reasons, as well their associated factors, for receiving the second booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine among a sample of all old adults and of people with chronic medical conditions attending two randomly selected immunization [...] Read more.

This cross-sectional survey explored the attitudes and the reasons, as well their associated factors, for receiving the second booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine among a sample of all old adults and of people with chronic medical conditions attending two randomly selected immunization centers in Naples (Italy). A total of 438 questionnaires were collected. The majority were male (55.1%) and the median age was 71 years. A higher perception of the vaccine’s utility, measured with a 10-point Likert type scale, has been observed among males, individuals with a higher perception that COVID-19 is a severe illness, with a higher self-awareness of being at risk of infection, and with a higher trust in the information received. The most reported reasons for receiving the second booster dose included protection of themselves and of their family members from getting COVID-19, fear of acquiring the disease, and having a physician’s recommendation. Younger participants, married/cohabitant, and with a higher perception that COVID-19 is a severe illness were more likely to have indicated protecting themselves and their family members as reason for receiving the booster dose. Respondents with a chronic medical condition, with a higher perception that COVID-19 is a severe illness, with a lower trust in the information received, and informed by physicians were more likely to have received the vaccine because they perceived of being at risk of getting a severe form of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Physicians should play a pivotal role in stressing the importance of the second booster dose and in helping individuals to make decisions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

16 pages, 1740 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Incidence and Associated Factors of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Post-mRNA-1273 Booster Vaccination in Health-Care Workers

by Anshari Saifuddin Hasibuan, Sukamto Koesnoe, Alvina Widhani, Muhadi Muhadi, Hamzah Shatri, Eka Ginanjar, Evy Yunihastuti, Pradana Soewondo, Sally Aman Nasution, Samsuridjal Djauzi, Lies Dina Liastuti, Trimartani Koento, Sumariyono Sumariyono and Astri Mulyantini

Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020481 - 19 Feb 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2603

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among health-care workers. One of the most important preventive measures is vaccination. This study examined factors associated with the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection after mRNA-1273 booster vaccination (preceded by the CoronaVac [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among health-care workers. One of the most important preventive measures is vaccination. This study examined factors associated with the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection after mRNA-1273 booster vaccination (preceded by the CoronaVac primary vaccination) and the antibody profile of health-care workers at one of the tertiary hospitals in Indonesia. This was a combined retrospective cohort and cross-sectional study. Three hundred health-care workers who were given the mRNA-1273 booster vaccine a minimum of 5 months prior to this study were randomly selected. Participants were then interviewed about their history of COVID-19 vaccination, history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and comorbidities. Blood samples were taken to assess IgG sRBD antibody levels. The median antibody level was found to be 659 BAU/mL (min 37 BAU/mL, max 5680 BAU/mL, QIR 822 BAU/mL) after the booster, and this was not related to age, sex, comorbidities, or adverse events following immunization (AEFI) after the booster. SARS-CoV-2 infection after the booster was correlated with higher antibody levels. In sum, 56 participants (18.6%) experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection after the mRNA-1273 booster vaccination within 5 months. Incidence per person per month was 3.2%. Age, sex, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, obesity, and post-booster AEFI were not related to COVID-19 incidence after the booster. History of SARS-CoV-2 infection before the booster vaccination was significantly associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection after booster vaccination, with a relative risk (RR) of 0.21 (95% CI 0.09–0.45, p < 0.001). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

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11 pages, 535 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predicting Intention to Receive COVID-19 Vaccination in People Living with HIV using an Integrated Behavior Model

by Bramantya Wicaksana, Evy Yunihastuti, Hamzah Shatri, Dicky C. Pelupessy, Sukamto Koesnoe, Samsuridjal Djauzi, Haridana Indah Setiawati Mahdi, Dyah Agustina Waluyo, Zubairi Djoerban and Tommy Hariman Siddiq

Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020296 - 29 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2080

Abstract

People living with HIV (PLHIV) are considered a high-risk population for developing a severe form of COVID-19. Vaccination is still one of the most important modalities in combating the disease due to the lack of an effective treatment. This multicenter study was performed [...] Read more.

People living with HIV (PLHIV) are considered a high-risk population for developing a severe form of COVID-19. Vaccination is still one of the most important modalities in combating the disease due to the lack of an effective treatment. This multicenter study was performed from September to December 2021 with the aim to analyze the intention of PLHIV to receive the COVID-19 vaccination based on an integrated behavior model (IBM) in Indonesia. Of a total of 470 participants, 75.6% of patients were intent to be vaccinated. The model that was designed in this study explains 43.4% of the variance in intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in PLHIV (adjusted R² = 0.434). Furthermore, the determinants used included instrumental attitude (β = 0.127, p < 0.05), subjective norm (β = 0.497, p < 0.01), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.116, p < 0.01). This study concluded that an IBM could predict the intention of PLHIV to receive COVID-19 vaccination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

17 pages, 1223 KiB

Open AccessReview

COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies in the Endemic Period: Lessons from Influenza

by Eliel Nham, Ji Yun Noh, Ok Park, Won Suk Choi, Joon Young Song, Hee Jin Cheong and Woo Joo Kim

Vaccines 2024, 12(5), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050514 - 9 May 2024

Viewed by 1481

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious zoonotic respiratory disease with many similarities to influenza. Effective vaccines are available for both; however, rapid viral evolution and waning immunity make them virtually impossible to eradicate with vaccines. Thus, the practical goal of vaccination [...] Read more.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious zoonotic respiratory disease with many similarities to influenza. Effective vaccines are available for both; however, rapid viral evolution and waning immunity make them virtually impossible to eradicate with vaccines. Thus, the practical goal of vaccination is to reduce the incidence of serious illnesses and death. Three years after the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines, the optimal vaccination strategy in the endemic period remains elusive, and health authorities worldwide have begun to adopt various approaches. Herein, we propose a COVID-19 vaccination strategy based on the data available until early 2024 and discuss aspects that require further clarification for better decision making. Drawing from comparisons between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination strategies, our proposed COVID-19 vaccination strategy prioritizes high-risk groups, emphasizes seasonal administration aligned with influenza vaccination campaigns, and advocates the co-administration with influenza vaccines to increase coverage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

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23 pages, 1445 KiB

Open AccessReview

COVID-19 Vaccination and Predictive Factors in Immigrants to Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Emanuela Gualdi-Russo and Luciana Zaccagni

Vaccines 2024, 12(4), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040350 - 25 Mar 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1373

Abstract

Vaccination plays a pivotal role in the control of infectious disease outbreaks. Hesitancy/refusal of the vaccine by immigrants poses a serious threat to their and society’s health. We reviewed studies regarding COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Europe by first-generation immigrants. A systematic review (PROSPERO: [...] Read more.

Vaccination plays a pivotal role in the control of infectious disease outbreaks. Hesitancy/refusal of the vaccine by immigrants poses a serious threat to their and society’s health. We reviewed studies regarding COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Europe by first-generation immigrants. A systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42023432142), conducted until 31 October 2023 using Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, identified 295 potential articles. Of these, 16 conducted on 2,009,820 immigrants in nine European countries met the eligibility criteria. Most studies were of medium/high quality according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale adapted for observational studies. Factors that affected the uptake or hesitancy/refusal to vaccinate, with particular regard to gender, age, and country of origin, were examined. The meta-analysis of eight studies revealed that the pooled estimated prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in first-generation immigrants was 71.3% (95% CI: 70.0–72.5%), corresponding to 13.3% less than the host country population (95% CI: 10.2–16.4%). Limitations of included studies and this review were deeply discussed, highlighting the need for further research on the effect of acculturation on second-generation immigrants. European governments need to ensure equal availability of COVID-19 and other health-saving vaccines to all immigrants in the future by overcoming cultural barriers, building trust in institutions, and improving communication. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

6 pages, 450 KiB

Open AccessOpinion

Killing Two Birds with One Stone: Is the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign an Opportunity to Improve Adherence to Cancer Screening Programmes? The Challenge of a Pilot Project in a Large Local Health Authority in Rome

by Alessandra Sinopoli, Valentina Baccolini and Enrico Di Rosa

Vaccines 2023, 11(3), 523; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030523 - 23 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1665

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected health services worldwide. The suspension of cancer screening programs during the lockdown period, coupled with the other measures taken to limit the SARS-CoV-2 spread, contributed to the idea that cancer preventive interventions are deferrable. In this opinion paper, [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected health services worldwide. The suspension of cancer screening programs during the lockdown period, coupled with the other measures taken to limit the SARS-CoV-2 spread, contributed to the idea that cancer preventive interventions are deferrable. In this opinion paper, we present some data on cancer screening coverage in one of the largest Local Health Authorities in Italy in recent years. Within this context, we introduce the benefits of a pilot project in which we took advantage of the great attention on the COVID-19 vaccination campaign to improve screening uptake. In this project, we offered men and women eligible for cancer screening the opportunity to book appointments while waiting to be vaccinated. In addition, trained healthcare personnel were available on-site to discuss any barriers to participation with the attendees. Despite the project having only just started, preliminary results are encouraging, with positive feedback from the attendees. In conclusion, we advocate for the need to adopt a comprehensive approach when it comes to population health, and we use this project as an example to discuss how it is possible to contribute to minimizing the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic with resources already in place. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)

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