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Article

Hybrid Immunity Provides the Best COVID-19 Humoral Response in Immunocompromised Patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 Infection History

by
Paulina Nazaruk
1,†,
Ignacy Tkaczyk
1,†,
Marta Monticolo
1,
Anna Maria Jędrzejczak
1,
Natalia Krata
2,3,
Leszek Pączek
1,3,4,
Bartosz Foroncewicz
1,3 and
Krzysztof Mucha
1,3,4,*
1
Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
2
Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
3
ProMix Center (ProteogenOmix in Medicine), Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
4
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally.
Vaccines 2023, 11(8), 1380; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081380
Submission received: 21 June 2023 / Revised: 10 August 2023 / Accepted: 14 August 2023 / Published: 18 August 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Vaccination Strategies in Global Health)
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Abstract

Immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly limited the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and reduced the associated complications, especially mortality. To prolong immunity, an immune booster was implemented. We evaluated the role of SARS-CoV-2 infection history in the vaccination schedules of kidney and liver transplant recipients and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). To this end, we retrospectively analyzed the data of 78 solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients and 40 patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy as representatives of the CKD group. Patients received two or three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. At the follow-up, antibody (Ab) titer, graft function, COVID-19 history, and patients’ clinical condition were assessed. Ab level was higher after two doses in patients with a COVID-19 history over three doses in patients with no COVID-19 history. Compared to three doses, subjects who were administered two doses had a longer median time to infection. Positive antibodies, in response to the third dose, were not observed in up to 8.4% of SOT patients. The results show that the vaccination schedule should take into account the vaccine response rate and COVID-19 history. So-called hybrid immunity appears to be most efficient at providing humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised patients.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine; chronic kidney disease; kidney transplantation; liver transplantation; solid organ transplant; vaccination COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine; chronic kidney disease; kidney transplantation; liver transplantation; solid organ transplant; vaccination

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nazaruk, P.; Tkaczyk, I.; Monticolo, M.; Jędrzejczak, A.M.; Krata, N.; Pączek, L.; Foroncewicz, B.; Mucha, K. Hybrid Immunity Provides the Best COVID-19 Humoral Response in Immunocompromised Patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 Infection History. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1380. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081380

AMA Style

Nazaruk P, Tkaczyk I, Monticolo M, Jędrzejczak AM, Krata N, Pączek L, Foroncewicz B, Mucha K. Hybrid Immunity Provides the Best COVID-19 Humoral Response in Immunocompromised Patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 Infection History. Vaccines. 2023; 11(8):1380. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081380

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nazaruk, Paulina, Ignacy Tkaczyk, Marta Monticolo, Anna Maria Jędrzejczak, Natalia Krata, Leszek Pączek, Bartosz Foroncewicz, and Krzysztof Mucha. 2023. "Hybrid Immunity Provides the Best COVID-19 Humoral Response in Immunocompromised Patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 Infection History" Vaccines 11, no. 8: 1380. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081380

APA Style

Nazaruk, P., Tkaczyk, I., Monticolo, M., Jędrzejczak, A. M., Krata, N., Pączek, L., Foroncewicz, B., & Mucha, K. (2023). Hybrid Immunity Provides the Best COVID-19 Humoral Response in Immunocompromised Patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 Infection History. Vaccines, 11(8), 1380. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081380

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