Mosquito-Borne Viruses: Fundamental Biology and Therapeutic Intervention

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines against Tropical and other Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 8964

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Interests: structural virology; enveloped virus assembly; virus-host interactions; viral lipidomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

An introduction about the Special Issue

Mosquito borne viruses (MBVs) pose serious healthcare challenges. Symptoms of diseases caused by MBVs vary widely in severity, from a mild rash to arthritis, hepatitis, haemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and congenital defects. The incidence of outbreaks of MBVs has increased steadily over the past few decades. For instance, WHO reports that Dengue virus infections have increased 15-fold in the last two decades in over 100 countries. Nearly 40% of the world population inhabits areas that are considered high-risk for outbreaks of Dengue virus. However, in the last half a decade, outbreaks and epidemics have been caused by newly emerging and re-emerging MBVs, such as the high fatality Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, an MBV, whose resurgence was reported in USA in 2019. With medical and scientific focus on the ongoing COVID19 crisis, it is crucial to ensure that research on MBVs is not neglected as they pose a major threat to human health. In this Special Issue on MBVs, we focus on the fundamental biology as well as therapeutic approaches aimed at advancing our understanding of MBV disease mechanism and intervention.

Dr. Syed Saif Hasan
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Flavivirus
  • Alphavirus
  • Infection
  • Therapeutics
  • Structural Biology

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

23 pages, 1326 KiB  
Review
A Review: Aedes-Borne Arboviral Infections, Controls and Wolbachia-Based Strategies
by Samson T. Ogunlade, Michael T. Meehan, Adeshina I. Adekunle, Diana P. Rojas, Oyelola A. Adegboye and Emma S. McBryde
Vaccines 2021, 9(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010032 - 8 Jan 2021
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 8196
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (Arboviruses) continue to generate significant health and economic burdens for people living in endemic regions. Of these viruses, some of the most important (e.g., dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever virus), are transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. Over the years, viral [...] Read more.
Arthropod-borne viruses (Arboviruses) continue to generate significant health and economic burdens for people living in endemic regions. Of these viruses, some of the most important (e.g., dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever virus), are transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. Over the years, viral infection control has targeted vector population reduction and inhibition of arboviral replication and transmission. This control includes the vector control methods which are classified into chemical, environmental, and biological methods. Some of these control methods may be largely experimental (both field and laboratory investigations) or widely practised. Perceptively, one of the biological methods of vector control, in particular, Wolbachia-based control, shows a promising control strategy for eradicating Aedes-borne arboviruses. This can either be through the artificial introduction of Wolbachia, a naturally present bacterium that impedes viral growth in mosquitoes into heterologous Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors (vectors that are not natural hosts of Wolbachia) thereby limiting arboviral transmission or via Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, which naturally harbour Wolbachia infection. These strategies are potentially undermined by the tendency of mosquitoes to lose Wolbachia infection in unfavourable weather conditions (e.g., high temperature) and the inhibitory competitive dynamics among co-circulating Wolbachia strains. The main objective of this review was to critically appraise published articles on vector control strategies and specifically highlight the use of Wolbachia-based control to suppress vector population growth or disrupt viral transmission. We retrieved studies on the control strategies for arboviral transmissions via arthropod vectors and discussed the use of Wolbachia control strategies for eradicating arboviral diseases to identify literature gaps that will be instrumental in developing models to estimate the impact of these control strategies and, in essence, the use of different Wolbachia strains and features. Full article
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